1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
  4. Volume 6, Issue 6
  5. Article
Volume 6, Issue 6
  • ISSN 1879-9264
  • E-ISSN: 1879-9272
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

A wide range of linguistic phenomena contribute to our understanding of the architecture of the human linguistic system. In this paper we present a proposal dubbed to capture bilingual phenomena including code-switching and ‘transfer’ as automatic consequences of the addition of a second language, using basic concepts of Minimalism and Distributed Morphology. Bimodal bilinguals, who use a sign language and a spoken language, provide a new type of evidence regarding possible bilingual phenomena, namely code-blending, the simultaneous production of (aspects of) a message in both speech and sign. We argue that code-blending also follows naturally once a second articulatory interface is added to the model. Several different types of code-blending are discussed in connection to the predictions of the Synthesis model. Our primary data come from children developing as bimodal bilinguals, but our proposal is intended to capture a wide range of bilingual effects across any language pair.

© John Benjamins Publishing Company

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Synthesizing commentaries and responses

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
One or two derivations in (bimodal) bilinguals

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
How constrained is language mixing in bi- and uni-modal production?

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
The role of underspecification in grammar

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Language Synthesis model and the problem of the invisible derivation

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Cross-linguistic influence, cross-linguistic priming and the nature of shared syntactic structures

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
A tale of two articulators

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Incongruent grammar

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Linguistic theory and the Synthesis Model

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Switching, blending … and slipping

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Mouthing and demonstrating in bimodal contexts

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Code-blending and Distributed Morphology

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Relative language proficiency affects language production in unimodal and bimodal bilinguals

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
The extent of language co-activation in bimodal bilinguals

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
What is a sign language?

Comment

A commentary article has been published for this article:
Codeswitching and the timing of Lexical Insertion
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lab.6.6.01lil
2017-01-17
2025-04-22

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/lab.6.6.01lil
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ashton, G. , Cagle, K. , Kurz, K. B. , Newell, W. , Peterson, R. , & Zinza, J. E.
    (2014) Standards for learning American Sign Language (pp.1–64). Retrieved fromwww.aslta.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/National_ASL_Standards.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker A. & Van den Bogaerde, B.
    (2008) Codemixing in signs and words in input to and output from children. In C. Plaza-Pust , & E. Morales Lopéz (Eds.) Sign Bilingualism: Language Development, Interaction, and Maintenance in Sign Language Contact Situations (pp.1–27). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  10.1075/sibil.38.04bak
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.38.04bak [Google Scholar]
  3. Bandi-Rao, S. , & Dikken, den, M.
    (2014) Light switches: On v as a pivot in codeswitching, and the nature of the ban on word-internal switches. In J. MacSwan (Ed.), Grammatical Theory and Bilingual Codeswitching (pp.161–183). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Belazi, H. M. , Rubin, E. J. , & Toribio, A. J.
    (1994) Code switching and X-bar theory: The Functional Head Constraint. Linguistic Inquiry, 25(2), 221–237.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Berent, G. P.
    (2013) Sign language-Spoken language bilingualism and the derivation of bimodally mixed sentences. In T. K. Bhatia , & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism, Second Edition (pp.351–374). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Bhatia, T. K. , & Ritchie, W. C.
    (1999) The bilingual child: Some issues and perspectives. In W. C. Ritchie , & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of Child Language Acquisition (pp.569–643). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bishop, M.
    (2006) Bimodal Bilingualism in Hearing, Native Users of American Sign Language. Ph.D. dissertation, Gallaudet University.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Bobaljik, J.
    (2015) Distributed morphology. Ms., University of Connecticut.
  9. Chen Pichler, D.
    (2012) Acquisition. In R. Pfau , M. Steinbach , & B. Woll (Eds.), Sign Language: An International Handbook (pp.647–686). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. doi:  10.1515/9783110261325.647
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110261325.647 [Google Scholar]
  10. Chen Pichler, D. , & Koulidobrova, E.
    (2016) Acquisition of sign language as a second language (L2). In M. Marschark , & P. E. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language: Research, Policy, and Practice (pp.218–230). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Chen Pichler, D. , Hochgesang, J. A. , Lillo-Martin, D. , & Müller de Quadros, R.
    (2010) Conventions for sign and speech transcription of child bimodal bilingual corpora in ELAN. Language, Interaction and Acquisition, 1(1), 11–40. doi:  10.1075/lia.1.1.03che
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lia.1.1.03che [Google Scholar]
  12. Chen Pichler, D. , Hochgesang, J.A. , Lillo-Martin, D. , Quadros, R. M. de , & Reynolds, W.
    (2016) Best practices for building a bi-modal bi-lingual bi-national child corpus. Sign Language Studies, 16(3), 361–388. doi:  10.1353/sls.2016.0007
     https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2016.0007 [Google Scholar]
  13. Chen Pichler, D. , Reynolds, W. , Palmer, J. L. , Quadros, R. M. de , Kozak, L. V. , & Lillo-Martin, D.
    (in press). Heritage signers: Bimodal bilingual children from deaf families. Proceedings of the Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition,.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Chomsky, N.
    (1995) The Minalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Compton, S. E. , & Compton, S.
    (2014) American Sign Language as a heritage language. In T. G. Wiley , J. K. Peyton , D. Christian , S. C. K. Moore , & N. Liu (Eds.), Handbook of Heritage, Community, and Native American Languages in the United States (pp.272–283). New York, NY. doi:  10.4324/9780203122419.ch26
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203122419.ch26 [Google Scholar]
  16. Crasborn, O. , & Sloetjes, H.
    (2008) Enhanced ELAN functionality for sign language corpora. In O. Crasborn , T. Hanke , O. Efthimiou , I. Zwitserlood , & H. Thoutenhoofd (Eds.), Construction and Exploitation of Sign Language Corpora. 3rd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages, (pp.39–43). ELDA, Parijs.
  17. Davidson, K.
    (2015) Quotation, demonstration, and iconicity. Linguistics and Philosophy, 38(6), 477–520. doi:  10.1007/s10988‑015‑9180‑1
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-015-9180-1 [Google Scholar]
  18. Davidson, K. , Lillo-Martin, D. , & Chen Pichler, D.
    (2014) Spoken English language development among native signing children with cochlear implants. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 19(2), 238–250. doi:  10.1093/deafed/ent045
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/ent045 [Google Scholar]
  19. de Houwer, A.
    (1995) Bilingual language acquisition. In P. Fletcher , & B. MacWhinney (Eds.), The Handbook of Child Language (pp.219–250). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Donati, C. , & Branchini, C.
    (2013) Challenging linearization: Simultaneous mixing in the production of bimodal bilinguals. In T. Biberauer , & I. Roberts (Eds.), Challenges to Linearization (pp.93–128). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi:  10.1515/9781614512431.93
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614512431.93 [Google Scholar]
  21. Emmorey, K.
    (Ed.) (2003) Perspectives on Classifier Constructions in Sign Languages. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 10.4324/9781410607447
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607447 [Google Scholar]
  22. Emmorey, K. , Borinstein, H. B. , & Thompson, R.
    (2005) Bimodal bilingualism: Code-blending between spoken English and American Sign Language. In J. Cohen , K. T. McAlister , K. Rolstad , & J. MacSwan (Eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp.663–673). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Emmorey, K. , Borinstein, H. B. , Thompson, R. , & Gollan, T. H.
    (2008a) Bimodal bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(1), 43–61. doi:  10.1017/S1366728907003203
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728907003203 [Google Scholar]
  24. Emmorey, K. , Luk, G. , Pyers, J. E. , & Bialystok, E.
    (2008b) The source of enhanced cognitive control in bilinguals: Evidence from bimodal bilinguals. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1201–1206. doi:  10.1111/j.1467‑9280.2008.02224.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02224.x [Google Scholar]
  25. Emmorey, K. , Giezen, M. R. , & Gollan, T. H.
    (2016) Psycholinguistic, cognitive, and neural implications of bimodal bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(2), 223–242. doi:  10.1017/S1366728915000085
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000085 [Google Scholar]
  26. Gökgöz, Kadir , Quadros, Ronice Müller de , Chen Pichler, Deborah & Lillo-Martin, Diane
    (in preparation). Syntactic Constraints on Code-Blending: Evidence from Distributions of Subject Points and Object Points.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Goodwin, C.
    (2016) English Morphological Development in Bimodal Bilingual Children: Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Children of Deaf Adults. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Connecticut.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Grosjean, F.
    (1989) Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person. Brain and Language, 36(1), 3–15. doi:  10.1016/0093‑934X(89)90048‑5
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(89)90048-5 [Google Scholar]
  29. Halle, M.
    (1997) Distributed Morphology: Impoverishment and Fission. In B. Bruening , Y. Kang , & M. McGinnis (Eds.), MIT Working Papers in Linguistics (pp.425–449). Cambridge, MA: MIT.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Halle, M. , & Marantz, A.
    (1993) Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In K. Hale , & S. J. Keyser (Eds.), The View from Building20 (pp.111–176). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Harley, H.
    (2014) On the identity of roots. Theoretical Linguistics, 40(3–4), 1–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Harley, H. , & Noyer, R.
    (1999) State-of-the-article: Distributed morphology. GLOT International, 4(4), 3–9.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Hulk, A. , & Müller, N.
    (2000) Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3(3), 227–244. doi:  10.1017/S1366728900000353
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728900000353 [Google Scholar]
  34. Johnson, J. M. , Watkins, R. V. , & Rice, M. L.
    (1992) Bimodal bilingual language development in a hearing child of deaf parents. Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, 31–52. doi:  10.1017/S0142716400005415
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400005415 [Google Scholar]
  35. Koulidobrova, E.
    (2012) When the Quiet Surfaces: “Transfer” of Argument Omission in the Speech of ASL-English Bilinguals. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Connecticut.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. (2016) Language interaction effects in bimodal bilingualism: Argument omission in the languages of hearing ASL-English bilinguals. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, online first. doi:  10.1075/lab.13047.kou
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.13047.kou [Google Scholar]
  37. Kuntze, M.
    (2000) Codeswitching in ASL and written English language contact. In K. Emmorey , & H. Lane (Eds.), The Signs of Language Revisited: An Anthology in Honor of Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima (pp.287–302). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Lewis, S. , & Phillips, C.
    2015 Aligning grammatical theories and language processing models. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, >44(1) 27–46. doi:  10.1007/s10936‑014‑9329‑z
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-014-9329-z [Google Scholar]
  39. Liceras, J. M. , Fernández Fuertes, R. , Perales, S. , Pérez-Tattam, R. , & Spradlin, K. T.
    (2008) Gender and gender agreement in bilingual native and non-native grammars: A view from child and adult functional–lexical mixings. Lingua, 118(6), 827–851. doi:  10.1016/j.lingua.2007.05.006
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2007.05.006 [Google Scholar]
  40. Liceras, J. M. , Fuertes, R. F. , & la Fuente, de, A. A.
    (2012) Overt subjects and copula omission in the Spanish and the English grammar of English-Spanish bilinguals: On the locus and directionality of interlinguistic influence. First Language, 32(1–2), 88–115. doi:  10.1177/0142723711403980
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723711403980 [Google Scholar]
  41. Liceras, J. M. , Spradlin, K. T. , & Fernandez Fuertes, R.
    (2005) Bilingual early functional-lexical mixing and the activation of formal features. International Journal of Bilingualism, 9(2), 227–252. doi:  10.1177/13670069050090020601
     https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069050090020601 [Google Scholar]
  42. Lillo-Martin, D.
    (1998) The acquisition of English by Deaf signers: Is Universal Grammar involved?In S. Flynn , G. Martohardjono , & W. ONeil (Eds.), The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition (pp.131–149). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. (2000) Aspects of the syntax and acquisition of WH-Questions in American Sign Language. In K. Emmorey , & H. Lane (Eds.), The Signs of Language Revisited: An Anthology in Honor of Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima (pp.401–413). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Lillo-Martin, D. , Koulidobrova, E. , Quadros, R. M. de , & Chen Pichler, D.
    (2012) Bilingual Language Synthesis: Evidence from WH-Questions in Bimodal Bilinguals. In Alia K. Biller , Esther Y. Chung , & Amelia E. Kimball (Eds.), Proceedings of the 36th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 302–314. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. (in preparation). Bilingual Language Synthesis: Evidence from WH-Questions in Bimodal Bilinguals.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Lillo-Martin, D. , Quadros, R. M. de , Koulidobrova, E. , & Chen Pichler, D.
    (2010) Bimodal bilingual cross-language influence in unexpected domains. In J. Costa , A. Castro , M. Lobo , & F. Pratas (Eds.), Language Acquisition and Development: Proceedings of GALA 2009 (pp.264–275). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Lillo-Martin, D. , Quadros, R. M. de , Chen Pichler, D. & Fieldsteel, Z.
    (2014) Language choice in bimodal bilingual development. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 , 1163 (Language Sciences Research Topic: Language by mouth and by hand). doi:  10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01163
     https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01163 [Google Scholar]
  48. Lucas, C. , & Valli, C.
    (1989) Language contact in the American Deaf community. In C. Lucas (Ed.), The Sociolinguistics of the Deaf Community (pp.11–40). San Diego: Academic Press. doi:  10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑458045‑9.50008‑2
     https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-458045-9.50008-2 [Google Scholar]
  49. MacSwan, J.
    (2000) The architecture of the bilingual language faculty: Evidence from intrasentential code switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3(1), 37–54. doi:  10.1017/S1366728900000122
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728900000122 [Google Scholar]
  50. (2005) Codeswitching and generative grammar: A critique of the MLF model and some remarks on “modified minimalism.”Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 8(1), 1–22. doi:  10.1017/S1366728904002068
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728904002068 [Google Scholar]
  51. (2014) Programs and proposals in codeswitching research: Unconstraining theories of bilingual language mixing. In J. MacSwan (Ed.), Grammatical Theory and Bilingual Codeswitching (pp.1–33). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. doi:  10.7551/mitpress/9780262027892.003.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027892.003.0001 [Google Scholar]
  52. Mallery-Ruganis, D. , & Fischer, S. D.
    (1991) Characteristics that contribute to effective simultaneous communication. American Annals of the Deaf, 136, 401–408. doi:  10.1353/aad.2012.0485
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0485 [Google Scholar]
  53. Marmor, G. , & Petitto, L. A.
    (1979) Simultaneous communication in the classroom: How well is English grammar represented?Sign Language Studies, 23, 99–136. doi:  10.1353/sls.1979.0010
     https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.1979.0010 [Google Scholar]
  54. Maxwell, M.
    (1990) Simultaneous communication: The state of the art and proposals for change. Sign Language Studies, 69, 333–390. doi:  10.1353/sls.1990.0019
     https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.1990.0019 [Google Scholar]
  55. Mellon, N. K. , Niparko, J. K. , Rathmann, C. , Mathur, G. , Humphries, T. , Napoli, D. J. , et al.
    (2015) Should all deaf children learn sign language?Pediatrics, 136(1), 170–176. doi:  10.1542/peds.2014‑1632
     https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1632 [Google Scholar]
  56. Menéndez, B.
    (2010) Cross-modal bilingualism: Language contact as evidence of linguistic transfer in sign bilingual education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(2), 201–223. doi:  10.1080/13670050903474101
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050903474101 [Google Scholar]
  57. Nunes, J. , & Quadros, R. M. de
    (2006) Focus duplication of wh-elements in Brazilian Sign Language. Presented atthe North Eastern Linguistics Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. (2008) Phonetically realized traces in American Sign Language and Brazilian Sign Language. In J. Quer (Ed.), Signs of the Time (pp.177–190). Hamburg: Signum.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Ormel, E. , & Giezen, M.
    (2014) Bimodal Bilingual Cross-Language Interaction. InBilingualism and Bilingual Deaf Education (pp.74–101). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:  10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199371815.003.0004
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199371815.003.0004 [Google Scholar]
  60. Palmer, J. L.
    (2015) Bimodal Bilingual Word Order Acquisition. Ph.D. Dissertation, Gallaudet University.
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Paradis, J. , & Genesee, F.
    (1996) Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(1), 1–25. doi:  10.1017/S0272263100014662
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100014662 [Google Scholar]
  62. Petitto, L. A. , Katerelos, M. , Levy, B. G. , Gauna, K. , Tétreault, K. , & Ferraro, V.
    (2001) Bilingual signed and spoken language acquisition from birth: Implications for the mechanisms underlying early bilingual language acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 28, 453–496. doi:  10.1017/S0305000901004718
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000901004718 [Google Scholar]
  63. Petroj, V. , Guerrera, K. & Davidson, K.
    (2014) ASL Dominant Code¬Blending in the Whispering of Bimodal Bilingual Children. BUCLD 38 Proceedings, Cascadilla Press
  64. Pfau, R.
    (2000) Features and categories in language production. Ph.D. Dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Pfau. R.
    (2009) Grammar as processor. A Distributed Morphology account of spontaneous speech errors (Linguistik Aktuell 137). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  10.1075/la.137
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.137 [Google Scholar]
  66. Pierantozzi, C.
    (2012) Agreement within early mixed DP. In K. Braunmüller , & C. Gabriel (Eds.), Multilingual Individuals and Multilingual Societies (pp.137–152). John Benjamins. doi:  10.1075/hsm.13.10pie
     https://doi.org/10.1075/hsm.13.10pie [Google Scholar]
  67. Pires, A. , & Taylor, H. L.
    (2007) The syntax of wh-in-situ and Common Ground. Proceedings from the Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 43(2), 201–215.
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Pirvulescu, M. , Pérez-Leroux, A.-T. , Roberge, Y. , Strik, N. and Thomas, D.
    (2014) Bilingual effects: Exploring object omission in pronominal languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 495–510. doi:  10.1017/S1366728913000631
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728913000631 [Google Scholar]
  69. Poplack, S.
    (1980) Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish Y TERMINO EN ESPAÑOL: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics, 18, 581–618. doi:  10.1515/ling.1980.18.7‑8.581
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1980.18.7-8.581 [Google Scholar]
  70. Preston, P.
    (1995) MOTHER FATHER DEAF: The heritage of difference. Social Science and Medicine, 40(11), 1461–1467. doi:  10.1016/0277‑9536(94)00357‑Y
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)00357-Y [Google Scholar]
  71. Quadros, R. M. de , & Lillo-Martin, D.
    (2010) Clause structure. In D. Brentari (Ed.), Sign Languages (pp.225–251). Cambridge, UK. doi:  10.1017/CBO9780511712203.012
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511712203.012 [Google Scholar]
  72. Quadros, R. M. de , Chen Pichler, D. , & Lillo-Martin, D.
    (2014) Code-blending in bimodal bilingual development. Presented atthe International Society for Gesture Studies, San Diego, CA.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Quadros, R. M. de , Chen Pichler, D. , Lillo-Martin, D. , Cruz, C. R. , Kozak, L. V. , Palmer, J. L. , Lemos Pizzio, A. , & Reynolds, W.
    (2015) Methods in bimodal bilingualism research: Experimental studies. In E. Orfanidou , B. Woll , & G. Morgan (Eds.), Research Methods in Sign Language Studies (pp.250–280). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 10.1002/9781118346013.ch14
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118346013.ch14 [Google Scholar]
  74. Quadros, R. M. de , Lillo-Martin, D. , & Chen Pichler, D.
    (2013) Early effects of bilingualism on WH-question structures: Insight from sign-speech bilingualism. In S. Stavrakaki , M. Lalioti , & P. Konstantinopoulou (Eds.), Proceedings of GALA 2011 (pp.300–308). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  75. 2016a Bimodal Bilingualism: Sign Language and Spoken Language. In M. Marschark , & P. E. Spencer Eds. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language (pp.181–196). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Quadros, R. M. de , Lillo-Martin, D. , Polinsky, M. , & Emmorey, K.
    (2016b) Heritage Signers: Bimodal bilingual structures. Ms., Harvard University.
  77. Quadros, Ronice Müller de , Lillo-Martin, Diane & Chen Pichler, Deborah
    (to appear). Blending languages: Bimodal bilinguals and language synthesis. In U. Zeshan , J. Webster , & A. Bradford Eds. Sign Multilingualism. DeGruyter Mouton & Ishara Press. 10.1515/9781501503528‑006
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501503528-006 [Google Scholar]
  78. Reynolds, W. , & Palmer, J. L.
    (2014) Codas as Heritage Learner Signers. Presented atthe 29th Annual CODA International Conference, Tempe, AZ.
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Romaine, S.
    (1995) Bilingualism. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Sandler, W. , & Lillo-Martin, D.
    (2006) Sign Language and Linguistic Universals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:  10.1017/CBO9781139163910
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139163910 [Google Scholar]
  81. Serratrice, L.
    (2013) Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual development: Determinants and mechanisms. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3(1), 3–25. doi:  10.1075/lab.3.1.01ser
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.1.01ser [Google Scholar]
  82. Serratrice, L. , Sorace, A. , & Paoli, S.
    (2004) Crosslinguistic influence at the syntax- pragmatics interface: Subjects and objects in English-Italian bilingual and monolingual acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(3), 183–205. doi:  10.1017/S1366728904001610
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728904001610 [Google Scholar]
  83. Siddiqi, D.
    (2010) Distributed morphology. Language and Linguistics Compass, 4(7), 524–542. doi:  10.1111/j.1749‑818X.2010.00212.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00212.x [Google Scholar]
  84. Sorace, A. , Serratrice, L. , Filiaci, F. , & Baldo, M.
    (2009) Discourse conditions on subject pronoun realization: Testing the linguistic intuitions of older bilingual children. Lingua, 119(3), 460–477. doi:  10.1016/j.lingua.2008.09.008
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2008.09.008 [Google Scholar]
  85. Thompson, R.
    (2015) Multimodal, multilingual language acquisition. Presented atthe International Conference on Sign Language Acquisition ICSLA, Amsterdam.
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Tieu, L.
    (2010) Re-examining cross-linguistic influence in the bilingual acquisition of WH-questions. In M. Heijl (Ed.), Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association (pp.1–15). Toronto, University of Toronto.
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Todd, P. H.
    (1971) A case of structural interference across sensory modalities in second-language learning. Word, 27, 102–118. doi:  10.1080/00437956.1971.11435616
     https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1971.11435616 [Google Scholar]
  88. Todd, P. H. , & Aitchison, J.
    (1980) Learning language the hard way. First Language, 1(2), 122–140. doi:  10.1177/014272378000100203
     https://doi.org/10.1177/014272378000100203 [Google Scholar]
  89. van den Bogaerde, B. , & Baker, A.E.
    (2005) Code-mixing in mother-child interaction in deaf families. Sign Language & Linguistics, 8(1/2), 151–174.
     [Google Scholar]
  90. van den Bogaerde, B. , & Baker, A. E.
    (2008) Bimodal language acquisition in kodas. In M. Bishop , & S. L. Hicks (Eds.), HEARING, MOTHER FATHER DEAF: Hearing people in Deaf families (pp.99–131). Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Woodward, J.
    (1972) Implications for sociolinguistics research among the deaf. Sign Language Studies, 1(1), 1–7. doi:  10.1353/sls.1972.0004
     https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.1972.0004 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lab.6.6.01lil
Loading
The development of bimodal bilingualism
Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 6, 719 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.6.6.01lil
/content/journals/10.1075/lab.6.6.01lil
/content/journals/10.1075/lab.6.6.01lil
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): bimodal bilinguals; code-blending; cross-linguistic influence; language acquisition; language architecture; sign languages

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error