1887
Volume 20, Issue 2
  • ISSN 1606-822X
  • E-ISSN: 2309-5067

Abstract

抽象

有些韓語固有詞與對應的上古漢語詞類似。譬如, 表示「風」的韓語固有詞param和「風」字的漢語上古音*prəm類似。一些學者認爲這些韓漢類似詞一定是從同一詞源發展而來,提出韓漢同源說,主張韓語和漢語屬於同一語系。本文將從微觀和宏觀的視角探討該學說是否妥當,並指出韓漢同源說存在的一些問題。本文還將根據陳保亞(1996)的理論,考察了韓漢類似詞在Swadesh (19521955)的100核心詞(第一階詞)和200核心詞減除100核心詞(第二階詞)裏出現的數量。發現第一階核心詞目錄裏主要有「吾、汝、人、男、葉、眼、牙、街、白」等9個韓漢類似詞,第二階核心詞目錄裏也有「日(天)、其、腿、老、江、聞、轉、洗、風」等9個類似詞。韓漢類似詞的數量在第一階詞目錄和第二階詞目錄裏幾乎完全相同,分佈曲線趨向平直。陳保亞認為少數類似詞分佈曲線不上不下,走向平直就表明兩種語言為接觸關係。因此本文將論證韓語和漢語不是親屬關係而是接觸關係。

Available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lali.00036.eom
2019-04-05
2024-09-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/lali.00036.eom.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/lali.00036.eom&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Baxter, William H.
    1992A handbook of Old Chinese phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110857085
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110857085 [Google Scholar]
  2. Baxter, William H. & Sagart, Laurent
    2014Old Chinese. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Also available atocbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu) 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945375.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945375.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  3. Chen, Baoya (陳保亞)
    1996Yuyan jiechu yu yuyan lianmeng語言接觸與語言聯盟 [Language contact and language union]. Beijing: Language and Culture Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Choi, Young-ae (崔玲愛)
    1990 Chungguk kodae ŭmunhak esŏ pon Han’gugŏ ŏwŏn munje중국고대 음운학에서 본 한국어어원 문제 [The Issue of Korean etymology from a perspective of Chinese historical phonology]. Dongbang Hakchi東方學誌 [The Journal ofFar Eastern Studies] 671. 309–340.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dixon, Robert M. W.
    1997The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511612060
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612060 [Google Scholar]
  6. Eom, Ik-sang (嚴翼相)
    2015 Han’gukhanjaŭm Chungguksigŭro tasi pogi한국 한자음 중국식으로 다시 보기 [Sino-Korean pronunciations revisited from a perspective of Chinese phonology]. Seoul: Han’guk munhwasa.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. 2017 Chinese and Korean. In Sybesma, Rint (ed.), Encyclopedia of Chinese language and linguistics, vol.11, 376–385. Leiden: Brill.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. 2018a Chinese and Korean: Relationship through typological comparison. (Paper presented at theThirtieth North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 9–11 March 2018.)
    [Google Scholar]
  9. 2018b ‘Similar Words’ in Old Chinese and indigenous Korean and their genealogical implications. (Paper presented at theTwenty-sixth Annual Conference of the International Association of Chinese Linguistics, Madison, 4–6 May, 2018.)
    [Google Scholar]
  10. 2019 Sino-Korean coda –l and the syllabic structure of Old Sino-Korean. Lingua2181. 14–23. 10.1016/j.lingua.2017.12.011
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2017.12.011 [Google Scholar]
  11. Guo, Xiliang (郭錫良)
    1986Hanzi guyin shouce漢字古音手冊 [Ancient Chinese phonology handbook]. Beijing: Peking University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Luo Guobing (魯國屏)
    2017 Cong yuyan yu wenzi yanjiu Zhongguo從語言與文字研究中國 [Studying China from language and letter]. (Lecture at theDepartment of Chinese Language and Literature of Hanyang University, 19 April, 2017.)
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Martin, Samuel
    1966 Lexical evidence relating Korean to Japanese. Language42(2). 185–251. 10.2307/411687
    https://doi.org/10.2307/411687 [Google Scholar]
  14. Miller, Roy Andrew
    1971Japanese and the other Altaic languages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Norman, Jerry & Mei, Tsu-Lin
    1976 The Austroasiatics in ancient south China: Some lexical evidence. Monumenta Serica321. 274–301. 10.1080/02549948.1976.11731121
    https://doi.org/10.1080/02549948.1976.11731121 [Google Scholar]
  16. O, Sejun (吳世畯)
    1998Shuowen haesŏng ŭro pon sanggo Hanŏ 4 tŭng tae ryuŭm l sŏl《說文》諧聲으로 본 上古漢語4等 帶流音l說 [The glide l in the division 4 of Old Chinese Observed from phonetic compounds in the Shuowen jiezi ]. Chungguk Munhak Yŏn’gu中國文學研究 [Studies of Chinese Literature] 161. 283–298.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. 2004 Yetan shanggu Hanyu de yinjie jiegou yu gouni也談上古漢語的音節結構與構擬 [Another view on syllabic structure and reconstruction of Old Chinese]. Chungŏ Chungmunhak中語中文學 [The Journal of Chinese Language and Literature] 351. 39–61.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. 2005 Lun Han-Aertaiyu zhun tongyuanci論「漢-阿爾泰語準同源詞」 [Discussion on Chinese and Altaic semi-cognates]. Chungŏ Chungmunhak中語中文學 [The Journal of Chinese Language and Literature] 361. 1–25.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. 2008 Yu chongniu sandeng yahouyinzi xiangguan de Han-Han zhun tongyuanci與重紐三等牙喉音字相關的「漢-韓準同源詞」 [A study on the Sino-Korean semi-cognates related to velar and glottal chongniu 3rd division characters]. Chungguk Ŏmun Nonch’ong中國語文論叢 [Journal of Chinese Language and Literature] 381. 87–114.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. 2009a Hae sŏnggye hanja Han-Han pigyoro pon Han’guŏ choŏ hanja ch’angjeron解성계 한자 漢-韓 비교로 본 한국어 祖語 한자 창제론 [The derivation of jie radical Chinese characters from proto-Korean words from a comparison between Chinese and Korean]. Sae Kugŏ Kyoyuk새국어교육 [New education of the Korean Language] 831. 539–581.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. 2009b Wei shengxi suojian de Han-Han zhun tongyuanci韋聲系所見的漢-韓準同源詞 [Sino-Korean semi-cognates found in wei radical characters]. Chungguk Ŏnŏ Yŏngu中國言語研究 [Journal of Chinese Linguistics in Korea] 301. 33–62.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. 2010a Han-Alt’ai pigyoro pon kyu, hae, jang sŏnggyeŭi ŏwŏn 漢-알타이비교로 본 圭, 奚, 垚성계의 어원 [The etymology of gui, xi, zhuang radical characters observed from a comparison between Chinese and Altaic languages]. Chungguk Ŏnŏ Yŏn’gu中國言語研究 [Journal of Chinese Linguistics in Korea] 331. 58–112.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. 2010b Han’gugŏ choŏ ŭi ch’u sŏnggye hanja ch’angjeron韓國語祖語의 秋聲系漢字創制論 [The derivation of qiu radical Chinese characters from proto-Korean words]. Sae Kugŏ Kyoyuk새국어교육 [New education of the Korean Language] 851. 519–542.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. 2012 Cong Han-Aertai bijiao kan shanggu Hanyu yu sanmu dufa從漢-阿爾泰比較看上古漢語喻三母讀法 [A study on the pronunciation of the Old Chinese Yu initial of division 3 through a comparison between Chinese and Altaic languages]. Chungguk Ŏnŏ Yŏn’gu中國言語研究 [Journal of Chinese Linguistics in Korea] 431. 1–19.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. 2013 Zhi shengxi xiangguan de Han-A zhun tongyuanci旨聲系相關的漢-阿準同源詞 [Zhi phonetic radicals: Old Chinese and Altaic semi-cognates]. Chungguk Ŏnŏ Yŏn’gu中國言語研究 [Journal of Chinese Linguistics in Korea] 481. 181–217.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. 2014Shuowen ke shengxi suojian de Han-A zhun tongyuanci《說文》可聲系所見的漢-阿準同源詞 [Chinese-Altaic semi-cognates in ke radical characters of Shuowenjiezi ] Chungguk ŏnŏ yŏn’gu中國言語研究 [Journal of Chinese Linguistics in Korea] 551. 21–45.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. 2015 Bufen shanggu jibu zi Han-A duiying bijiao yanjiu部分上古祭部字漢-阿對應比較研究 [A comparative study of the correspondence in OC ji rhyme in Chinese and Altaic languages]. Chungguk Ǒnŏ Yŏn’gu中國言語研究 [Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics] 611. 297–322.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. 2017 Pŏksŏnggye chŏnju esŏ pon sanggo hanŏ wa Han’guk koyuŏŭi taeŭng辟성계 전주에서 본 상고 한어와 한국고유어의 대응 [Correspondence between Old Chinese and indigenous Korean words found in bi radical characters]. Chungguk Hakpo中國學報 [Journal of Chinese studies] 791. 177–200.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Pan, Wuyun (潘悟雲)
    1995 Dui HuaAo yuxi jiashuo de ruogan zhichi cailiao對華澳語系假說的若干支持材料 [Some evidence in support of the Sino-Austric hypothesis]. In Wang, William S-Y. (ed.), The ancestry of the Chinese language, ( Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph Series No. 8), 113–144. Berkeley: Project on Linguistics Analysis, University of California.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. 2000Hanyu lishi yinyun xue漢語歷史音韻學 [Chinese Historical Phonology]. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. 2006 Chaoxianyu zhong de shanggu Hanyu jieci朝鮮語中的上古漢語借詞 [Ancient Chinese Loanwords in Korean Language]. Minzu Yuwen民族語文 [Minority Languages of China] 11. 3–11.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. 2013 Zai dongya yuyan dabeijing xia de Han-Han tongyuan guan在東亞語言大背景下的漢韓同源觀 [A view on the affinity between Chinese and Korean from a perspective of East Asian Languages]. In Eom, Ik-sang (嚴翼相 ) & Endo, Mitsuaki (遠藤光曉) (eds.), Han-Han yuyan tantao韓漢語言探討 [An Exploration of Sino-Korean Linguistics]. Seoul: Hakkobang.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Ryu, Chang-don (劉昌惇)
    1954 Chokch’in ch’ingho ŭi ŏwŏnjŏk koch’al族親稱號의 語源的考察 [An etymological study of kinship terms]. Sasanggye사상계 思想界 [The world of thoughts] 2(2). 77–99.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Sagart, Laurent
    1994 Proto-Austronesian and Old Chinese evidence for Sino-Austronesian. Oceanic Linguistics33 (2). 271–308. 10.2307/3623130
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3623130 [Google Scholar]
  35. 1995 Some remarks on the ancestry of Chinese. In Wang, William S-Y. (ed.), The ancestry of the Chinese language, ( Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph Series No. 8), 195–223. Berkeley: Project on Linguistics Analysis, University of California.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schuessler, Axel
    1974 R and L in archaic Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics2(2). 186–199.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Starostin, Sergei A.
    1991Altajskaja problema i proisxoždenie japonskogo jazyka [The Altaic problem and the origin of the Japanese language]. Moscow: Nauka.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Swadesh, Morris
    1952 Lexicostatistic dating of prehistoric ethnic contacts. Proceedings of American Philosophical Society96(4). 452–463.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. 1955 Towards greater accuracy in lexicostatistic dating. International Journal of American Linguistics211. 121–137. 10.1086/464321
    https://doi.org/10.1086/464321 [Google Scholar]
  40. Unger, J. Marshall
    2008The role of contact in the origins of the Japanese and Korean languages. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Vovin, Alexander
    2010Koreo-Japonica: A re-evaluation of a common genetic origin. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832780.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824832780.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  42. Whitman, John
    2012 The relationship between Japanese and Korean. In Tranter, Nicolas (ed.), The Languages of Japan and Korea, 24–38. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Yi, Nam-dŏk (李男德)
    1985Hangugŏ ŏwŏn yŏngu韓國語語源研究 [A Study of Korean etymology], vol.21. Seoul: Ihwa yŏja taehakkyo ch’ulp’anbu [Ewha Woman’s University Press].
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Yun, Jihye (尹智慧)
    2017Han-Chung ŏ tong kyet’ongron t’adangsŏng yŏn’gu 韓中語同系統論妥當性研究 [An Examination on the theory of Sino-Korean affinity]. Seoul: Hanyang University. (Master’s Thesis.)
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Yu, Xingwu (于省吾)
    1996Jiagu wenzi gulin甲骨文字詁林 [An annotated collection of oracle bones], Vol.1–41. Beijing: Zhong Hua Shuju.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Zhao, Jie (趙杰)
    1998 Hanguoyu yuxi guishu xintan (shang)韓國語語系歸屬新探(上) [A new exploration on Korean etymology 1]. Dangdai Hanguo當代韓國 [Contemporary Korea] 31. 52–57.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. 1998 Hanguoyu yuxi guishu xintan韓國語語系歸屬新探(下) [A new exploration on Korean etymology 2]. Dangdai Hanguo當代韓國 [Contemporary Korea] 41. 64–68.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Zheng, Renjia (鄭仁甲)
    1983 Chaoxianyu guyouci zhong de “Hanyuanci” shitan朝鮮語固有詞中的「漢源詞」試探 [A provisional study of Chinese loanwords in indigenous Korean words]. 語言學論叢Yuyanxue Luncong [Studies in Linguistics] 101. 197–222.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Zheng-Zhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳)
    2003Shanggu yinxi上古音系 [Old Chinese Phonology]. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Eom, Ik-sang (嚴翼相) & Endo, Mitsuaki (遠藤光曉)
    2013Han-Han yuyan tantao韓漢語言探討 [An exploration of Sino-Korean linguistics]. Seoul: Hakkobang.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Wang, William S-Y. (王士元)
    1995The Ancestry of the Chinese Language ( Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph Series 8). Berkeley: Project on Linguistics Analysis, University of California.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lali.00036.eom
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/lali.00036.eom
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error