1887
image of 從類同到情態 [From similarity to modality]

Abstract

抽象的

本文贊同音變的觀點,認為副詞「也」來自副詞「亦」,並將兩者視為一詞。藉由文獻語料的分析,可以觀察到最早出現在中古漢語裡的副詞「也」如何承襲上古漢語裡副詞「亦」原有的用法,並在近代以後持續發展,逐漸成為現代漢語裡的高頻副詞。依照副詞「也」本身的功能,可將其用法重新分為兩類:在類同用法裡,副詞「也」具有類同追加義,可將類同義指向左方的主語或話題,右方的賓語或謂語,以及整個句子所表達的命題,並且有追加新信息的功能。在情態用法裡,副詞「也」原有的類同義或者保留,或者丟失,但都藉由語境吸收,衍生出反預期的情態義,並可根據預期的來源再分為兩類:違反說話者預期、違反聽話者預期。副詞「也」的用法之所以能從類同發展到情態有兩個關鍵因素:一是當副詞「也」指向左方的主語或話題時,類同項可以隱含在說話者的認知中,使得副詞「也」的關聯項受到強調;二是出現在違反說話者或聽話者預期的語境裡,讓副詞「也」得以從中吸收反預期的情態義。

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2025-03-20
2025-04-25
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keywords: 情態 ; 副詞 ; 「亦」 ; 也 yě ; 亦 yì ; modality ; similarity ; 「也」 ; 類同 ; adverb
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