1887
Volume 26, Issue 3
  • ISSN 1606-822X
  • E-ISSN: 2309-5067

Abstract

抽象的

以往學者對古藏語和經典藏語動詞系統的分類和描述,主要建立在以「及物性」、「自主性」、「時體」、「語氣/式」和「語態」這幾個範疇為核心的框架之上。本文則意在深入考察藏語動詞中另一個關注較少的重要範疇,我們稱之為「實現—能力」(realization-potential)範疇。語義上,該範疇表達「實現目的、結果」和「能力、可能性」這兩種互相關聯的意義;形式上,該範疇與時體、語氣/式和語態範疇類似,其典型的動詞成員有專門的的詞幹形態變化來表達特定語義。本文旨在前人研究的基礎上,從語義、形態兩處入手對該範疇及相關動詞做一番較為全面的考察。語義方面,通過藉助「事件整合理論」的分析,我們認為該範疇和相關動詞表達實現(realization)類事件和「實現目的、結果」語義;並且這種基本語義在非現實(irrealis)的情境下獲得了「潛能、可能性」義,又進一步泛化為能力情態。此外,我們在分析了「實現—能力」範疇與自主性、及物性的關係後,發現它本身作為一個顯著的語義範疇基本上涵蓋藏語的及物非自主類動詞,但又並不重合。形態方面,我們的初步構擬表明該類動詞形式與命令式的來源不同,但是在某個歷史階段發生了大量的類推,導致這兩者「貌合神離」的情形。

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2025-11-10
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): potential; realization; Tibetan; verb; 動詞; 實現; 能力; 藏語
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