1887
image of 西夏語趨向前綴與動詞的趨向可易性 [Tangut directional prefixes and verbal orientability]

Abstract

抽象

趨向前綴是西夏語被劃分為羌語支語言的重要依據之一。這些動詞前綴不僅傳達一定的空間意義,也是構成羌語支語言動詞時體式範疇的重要組成部分。西田龍雄注意到西夏語動詞與趨向前綴的搭配存在一定靈活性,但靈活程度似乎不及現代羌語支語言。這一現象至今尚未有系統研究。本文將現代嘉絨語支語法中動詞「趨向可易性」的概念引入西夏語趨向前綴與動詞搭配的研究,並通過梳理西夏語系列一趨向前綴的語義層次,區分西夏語動詞趨向可易性的三種情況,即明晰空間意義之交替、詞彙化彈性、時體範疇之交替。通過外部比較,本文將揭示西夏語與現代嘉絨語支的趨向前綴來自一個共同原始系統,並在此基礎上借助現代嘉絨語材料,進一步將西夏語動詞所呈現出的「受限趨向可易性」歸因爲兩方面。一方面,西夏語位移動詞趨向可易性降低,很有可能受文獻材料制約;另一方面,非位移動詞的有限趨向可易性則可部分歸因為嘉絨語支共有的詞彙化彈性。本項研究將幫助我們理解趨向前綴在嘉絨語支動詞形態中的歷史地位及發展趨勢。

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2025-06-02
2026-03-05
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