1887
image of Pronominal address in the linguistic landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This study explores pronominal address forms in the linguistic landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia, examining how Spanish-speaking communities use second-person singular pronouns (tú, usted, vos) in public signage. The research objectives were to identify which pronouns of address are employed and determine the variables influencing their usage. A corpus of 250 signs was analyzed across three Hispanic neighborhoods and virtual spaces, considering variables such as , and . Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to assess the impact of these variables on pronoun choice. The findings reveal that only “tú” and “usted” are present in the linguistic landscape, with “tú” being slightly more prevalent (55.2%). ( = 0.035) and ( < 0.001) significantly influence pronoun selection, while and do not. Bilingual signs tend to favor “usted”, whereas monolingual signs prefer “tú”. Regarding , requests are more likely to use “usted”, while invitations and persuasive messages favor “tú”. The study concludes that while there is no evidence of a new speech community emerging, there is a convergence in pronominal use across diverse Hispanic neighborhoods, suggesting linguistic accommodation in written language. These findings contribute to our understanding of pronominal treatment in diasporic contexts and highlight the complexity of address forms in Spanish.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lcs.23004.gua
2024-09-03
2024-12-11
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Atlas, J.
    (2010) Healthcare Access for Mexican Immigrants in South Philadelphia. InA. Takenaka & M. J. Osirim (Eds.), Global Philadelphia: Immigrant Communities Old and New (pp.–). Temple University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Beck, U.
    (2017) Mobility and the Cosmopolitan Perspective. InM. Freudendal-Pedersen & S. Kesselring (Eds.), Exploring Networked Urban Mobilities. Theories, Concepts, Ideas (pp.–). Routledge. https://doi-org.libproxy.temple.edu/10.4324/9781315201078. 10.4324/9781315201078‑9
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315201078-9 [Google Scholar]
  3. Blommaert, J.
    (2010) The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511845307
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511845307 [Google Scholar]
  4. (2013) Ethnography, Superdiversity and Linguistic Landscapes: Chronicles of Complexity. Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781783090419
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783090419 [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown, R., & Gilman, A.
    (1970) The pronouns of power and solidarity. InT. Sebeok (Ed.), Style in Language (pp.–).
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Carricaburo, N.
    (1997) Las fórmulas de tratamiento en el español actual. Arco-Libros.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Eriksen, T. H.
    (2014) Globalization: The Key Concepts (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury Academic.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. (2016) Overheating: An Anthropology of Accelerated Change. Pluto Press. 10.2307/j.ctt1cc2mxj
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cc2mxj [Google Scholar]
  9. Erker, D.
    (2018) Spanish dialectal Contact in the United States. InK. Potowski (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage Language (pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315735139‑18
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315735139-18 [Google Scholar]
  10. Escobar, A. M., & Potowski, K.
    (2015) El Español de los Estados Unidos. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781316091326
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316091326 [Google Scholar]
  11. Félix-Brasdefer, J. C.
    (2018) Pragmática del español: Contexto, uso y variación. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315443201
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315443201 [Google Scholar]
  12. Fernández-Mallat, V., & Barrero, D.
    (2023) Changes and continuities in second person address pronoun usage in Bogotá Spanish. Open Linguistics, (), 20220241. 10.1515/opli‑2022‑0241
    https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2022-0241 [Google Scholar]
  13. Fernández-Mallat, V., & Dearstyne, M.
    (2021) Tuteo , Effeminacy and Homosexuality: Change and Continuity in Costa Rican Spanish. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, (), –. 10.1515/shll‑2021‑2047
    https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2021-2047 [Google Scholar]
  14. Fernández-Mallat, V., & Newman, M.
    (2022) Continuity and Change in New Dialect Formation: “tú” vs. “usted” in New York City Spanish. Journal of Language Contact, , –. 10.1163/19552629‑15010006
    https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-15010006 [Google Scholar]
  15. Franco Rodríguez, J. M.
    (2018) Spanish in Linguistic Landscapes of the U.S.InK. Potowski (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage Language (pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315735139‑5
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315735139-5 [Google Scholar]
  16. Freites Barros, F., & Zambrano Castro, W.
    (2009) El voseo Andino Tachirense: ¿Marca de Género?Boletin de Linguistica, (), –.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fuller, J. M., & Leeman, J.
    (2020) Speaking Spanish in the U.S.: The Sociopolitics of Language (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/FULLER8281
    https://doi.org/10.21832/FULLER8281 [Google Scholar]
  18. Garbow, D. R.
    (2020) Asserting difference: Racialized expressions of Colombianidades in Philadelphia. Latino Studies, (), –. 10.1057/s41276‑020‑00265‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1057/s41276-020-00265-5 [Google Scholar]
  19. Giles, H.
    (2016) The Social Origins of CAT. InH. Giles (Ed.), Communication Accommodation Theory: Negotiating Personal Relationships and Social Identities Across Contexts (pp.–). Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781316226537.001
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316226537.001 [Google Scholar]
  20. Gorter, D., & Cenoz, J.
    (2023) A Panorama of Linguistic Landscape Studies. Multilingual Matters. https://www.multilingual-matters.com/page/detail/?k=9781800417151
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Guarín, D.
    (2021) Los pronombres de tratamiento en el paisaje lingüístico quindiano (Colombia). Miradas, (), –. 10.22517/25393812.24862
    https://doi.org/10.22517/25393812.24862 [Google Scholar]
  22. (2022) El Uso de pronombres de tratamiento “tú”, “usted” y “vos” en el departamento del Quindío (Colombia). Miradas, (), –. 10.22517/25393812.25158
    https://doi.org/10.22517/25393812.25158 [Google Scholar]
  23. (2024) From Bilingualism to Multilingualism: Mapping Language Dynamics in the Linguistic Landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia. Languages, (), –. 10.3390/languages9040123
    https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9040123 [Google Scholar]
  24. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
    Historical Society of Pennsylvania (2014) Latino Philadelphia at a Glance. https://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/latinophiladelphiaataglance.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Jang, J. S.
    (2015) Matiz feminizante del tuteo y el futuro del voseo en el departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Estudios filológicos, , –. 10.4067/S0071‑17132015000200005
    https://doi.org/10.4067/S0071-17132015000200005 [Google Scholar]
  26. (2022) El fenómeno del “usted” de enfado en el español hablado en Medellín (Colombia). InN. F. Ruiz Vásquez (Ed.), Perspectivas actuales de la investigación en lingüística: Entre tradición y modernidad (pp.–). Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jang, J. S., & García Tesoro, A. I.
    (2023) El voseo como orgullo paisa: El uso pronominal en el español hablado en Medellín (Colombia). Boletín De Filología, (), –. 10.4067/S0718‑93032023000200347
    https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-93032023000200347 [Google Scholar]
  28. JASP Team
    JASP Team (2024) JASP (0.18.3) [Computer software]. https://jasp-stats.org
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Jenkins, D.
    (2018) Spanish Language Use, Maintenance, and Shift in the United States. InK. Potowski (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage Language (pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315735139‑4
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315735139-4 [Google Scholar]
  30. Johnson, M.
    (2016) Pragmatic variation in voseo and tuteo negative commands in Argentinian Spanish. InM. I. Moyna & S. Rivera-Mills (Eds.), Forms of Address in the Spanish of the Americas. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/ihll.10.07joh
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.10.07joh [Google Scholar]
  31. Kallen, J.
    (2023) Linguistic Landscapes: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316822807
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316822807 [Google Scholar]
  32. Kluge, B.
    (2007) La acomodación lingüística en la migración: El nivel pragmático. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana, (), –.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. (2019) Las formas de tratamiento pronominal. InM. E. Placencia & X. A. Padilla (Eds.), Guía Práctica de Pragmática del Español. Routledge. 10.4324/9781351109239‑7
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351109239-7 [Google Scholar]
  34. Kluge, B., & Moyna, M. I.
    (Eds.) (2019) It’s not all about you: New perspectives on address research (1st ed.). John Benjamins. 10.1075/tar.1
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.1 [Google Scholar]
  35. Lara Bermejo, V.
    (2023) The emergence and history of tuteo, voseo and ustedeo. Linguistic Variation, (), –. 10.1075/lv.21016.lar
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.21016.lar [Google Scholar]
  36. LeLoup, J. W., & Schmidt-Rinehart, B.
    (2018) Forms of Address in the Spanish Language Curriculum in the United States: Actualities and Aspirations. Hispania, (), –. 10.1353/hpn.2018.0081
    https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2018.0081 [Google Scholar]
  37. López Alonso, K.
    (2016) Use and Perception of the pronominal trio vos, tú, usted in a Nicaraguan community in Miami, Florida. InM. I. Moyna & S. Rivera-Mills (Eds.), Forms of Address in the Spanish of the Americas. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/ihll.10.10lop
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.10.10lop [Google Scholar]
  38. Maranhão de Castedo, T., Marques de Lucena, R., & Gomes da Silva, C.
    (2022) vos: Young, Poor and Vulgar in Eastern Bolivia? A Corpus Study on voseo in WhatsApp Exchanges. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, (), –. 10.17533/udea.ikala.v27n2a06
    https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v27n2a06 [Google Scholar]
  39. Matras, Y.
    (2024) Reconciling the global and local in language contact. InK. Pfadenhauer, S. Rüdiger, & V. Serreli (Eds.), Global and local perspectives on language contact (pp.–). Language Science Press. 10.5281/zenodo.10497393
    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10497393 [Google Scholar]
  40. Michnowicz, J., & Place, S.
    (2010) Perceptions of second person singular pronoun use in San Salvador, El Salvador. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, (), –. 10.1515/shll‑2010‑1079
    https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2010-1079 [Google Scholar]
  41. Moreno-Fernández, F.
    (2019) Variedades de la lengua española (1st ed.). Routledge. 10.4324/9780429426988
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429426988 [Google Scholar]
  42. Moyna, M. I.
    (2016) Introduction: Addressing the Research Questions. InM. I. Moyna & S. Rivera-Mills (Eds.), Forms of Address in the Spanish of the Americas. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/ihll.10.01moy
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.10.01moy [Google Scholar]
  43. (2021) Después de usted: Variation and Change in a Spanish Tripartite Politeness System. Languages, (), –. 10.3390/languages6030152
    https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6030152 [Google Scholar]
  44. Moyna, M. I., & Arroyo, J. L. B.
    (2020) Pragmatic variation and forms of address. InD. A. Koike & J. C. Félix-Brasdefer (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics (1st ed., pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9780429455643‑21
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429455643-21 [Google Scholar]
  45. Otheguy, R.
    (2019) El español en los Estados Unidos. Revista Tribuna Norteamericana, , –.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Otheguy, R., & Zentella, A. C.
    (2012) Spanish in New York: Language Contact, Dialectal Leveling, and Structural Continuity. Oxford University Press Inc. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737406.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737406.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  47. Placencia, M. E., & Powell, H.
    (2020) Speech act research in Spanish. InD. A. Koike & J. C. Félix-Brasdefer (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics (1st ed., pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9780429455643‑4
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429455643-4 [Google Scholar]
  48. Restrepo-Ramos, F.
    (2021) A changing landscape of voseo in Medellín? The momentum of voseo in the public signage of Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. InP. Gubitosi & M. F. Ramos Pellicia (Eds.), Linguistic Landscape in the Spanish-speaking World (Vol., pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/ihll.35.02res
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.35.02res [Google Scholar]
  49. Rivera-Mills, S.
    (2011) Use of voseo and Latino Identity: An Intergenerational Study of Hondurans and Salvadorans in the Western Region of the U.S. InSelected Proceedings of the 13th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. (2016) Conclusion: Creating an ecology of forms of address: Building upon what we know. InM. I. Moyna & S. Rivera-Mills (Eds.), Forms of Address in the Spanish of the Americas. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/ihll.10.17riv
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.10.17riv [Google Scholar]
  51. Schmidt-Rinehart, B. C., & LeLoup, J. W.
    (2022) ustedeo, voseo, or tuteo in Costa Rica: Un arroz con mango. NECTFL Review, .
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Serrano, M. J.
    (2017) Going beyond address forms: Variation and style in the use of second-person pronouns tú and usted. Pragmatics, (), –. 10.1075/prag.27.1.04ser
    https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.27.1.04ser [Google Scholar]
  53. (2020) Pragmatics and sociolinguistics. InD. A. Koike & J. C. Félix-Brasdefer (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics (1st ed., pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9780429455643‑12
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429455643-12 [Google Scholar]
  54. Shenk, E. M.
    (2014) Teaching Sociolinguistic Variation in the Intermediate Language Classroom: voseo in Latin America. Hispania, (), –. 10.1353/hpn.2014.0089
    https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2014.0089 [Google Scholar]
  55. Sorenson, T.
    (2016) ¿De dónde sos? Differences between Argentine and Salvadoran voseo to tuteo accommodation in the United States. InM. I. Moyna & S. Rivera-Mills (Eds.), Forms of Address in the Spanish of the Americas. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/ihll.10.09sor
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.10.09sor [Google Scholar]
  56. Spolsky, B.
    (2009) Prolegomena to a Sociolinguistics Theory of Public Signage. InI. G. Shohami & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery (1st edition). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Uber, D. R.
    (2011) Forms of Address: The Effect of the Context. InM. Díaz-Campos (Ed.), The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics (pp.–). Wiley-Blackwell. 10.1002/9781444393446.ch12
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444393446.ch12 [Google Scholar]
  58. (2021) “Feel really Uruguayan”: Group unity, stance, respect, and politeness. Forms of address in advertisements and commercial documents in the Spanish of Montevideo. InM. Díaz Campos & S. Sessarego (Eds.), Aspects of Latin American Spanish Dialectology: In Honor of Terrell A. Morgan (pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/ihll.32.02ube
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.32.02ube [Google Scholar]
  59. U.S. Census Bureau [Google Scholar]
  60. Vertovec, S.
    (2022) Superdiversity: Migration and Social Complexity. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203503577
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203503577 [Google Scholar]
  61. Weyers, J. R.
    (2014) The Tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay: A Study of Pride and Language Maintenance. Hispania, (), –. 10.1353/hpn.2014.0087
    https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2014.0087 [Google Scholar]
  62. Wherry, F. F.
    (2011) The Philadelphia Barrio: The Arts, Branding, and Neighborhood Transformation. The University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226894461.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226894461.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  63. Wickham, H.
    (2016) ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis (Second edition). Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑24277‑4
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4 [Google Scholar]
  64. Woods, M. R., & Rivera-Mills, S.
    (2012) El “tú” como un “mask”: voseo and Salvadoran and Honduran Identity in the United States. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, (), –. 10.1515/shll‑2012‑1123
    https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2012-1123 [Google Scholar]
  65. Zwisler, J. J.
    (2017) tú, usted and the construction of male heterosexuality in young, working class men in Tolima. Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica, , –. 10.19053/0121053X.n29.2017.5846
    https://doi.org/10.19053/0121053X.n29.2017.5846 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lcs.23004.gua
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/lcs.23004.gua
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error