1887
Volume 14, Issue 1
  • ISSN 1879-7865
  • E-ISSN: 1879-7873

Abstract

Abstract

The study examines how three undergraduate beginner students of Italian as L3 make sense of Italian tense-aspect morphology based on other languages. All students had knowledge of Swedish, English, and French, in each case acquired in a particular chronological order. The participants completed two C-tests and three interpretation tests of aspectual contrasts in English, French, and Italian. The latter was complemented by written comments. The results of the Italian interpretation test varied depending on tense-aspect configurations. A qualitative analysis of the comments revealed four categories of metalinguistic reflections, referring to: (i) explicit rules, (ii) intuition, (iii) other languages, and (iv) uncertain/unknown, differently distributed among the students. The results suggest that the students relied on their L1(s) as well as their L2(s) depending on type of transfer, whether linguistic or conceptual, which is discussed in light of some recent L3 models.

Available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lia.22020.val
2023-10-27
2024-09-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/lia.22020.val.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/lia.22020.val&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ågren, M., Bardel, C., & Sayehli, S.
    (2021) Same or different? Comparing language proficiency in French, German and Spanish in Swedish lower secondary school. Paper presented at theConference Exploring Language Education (ELE) 2021: Teaching and learning languages in the 21st Century, 9–11 June. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Altenberg, B.
    (2007) Expressing past habit in English and Swedish: Semantic and lexical correspondences. InC. Butler, R. H. Downing, & J. Lavid (Eds.), Functional perspectives on grammar and discourse: In honour of Angela Downing (pp. 249–268). John Benjamins Publishing. 10.1075/slcs.85.07alt
    https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.85.07alt [Google Scholar]
  3. Andersen, R.
    (1993) Four operating principles and input distribution as explanations for underdeveloped and mature morphological systems. InK. Hyltenstam & Å. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language (pp. 309–339). Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bardel, C.
    (2005) L’apprendimento dell’italiano come L3 di un apprendente pluringue. Il caso del sistema verbale. InM. Metzeltin (Ed.), Omaggio a/ Hommage à/ Homenaje a Jane Nystedt (pp. 17–30). Drei Eidechsen.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. (2019) Syntactic transfer in L3 learning. What do models and results tell us about learning and teaching a third language?InM. J. Gutierrez-Mangado, M. Martínez-Adrián, & F. Gallardo-del-Puerto (Eds.), Cross-linguistic influence: From empirical evidence to classroom practice (pp. 101–120). Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑030‑22066‑2_6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22066-2_6 [Google Scholar]
  6. Bardel, C., & Falk, Y.
    (2007) The role of the second language in third language acquisition: The case of Germanic syntax. Second Language Research, 23(4), 459–484. 10.1177/0267658307080557
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658307080557 [Google Scholar]
  7. (2012) The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction. InJ. Cabrelli-Amaro, S. Flynn, & J. Rothman (Eds.), Third language acquisition in adulthood (pp. 61–78). John Benjamins Publishing. 10.1075/sibil.46.06bar
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.46.06bar [Google Scholar]
  8. Bardovi-Harlig, K.
    (2000) Tense and aspect in second language acquisition: Form, meaning, and use. Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Comajoan-Colomé, L.
    (2020) The aspect hypothesis and the acquisition of L2 past morphology in the last 20 years: A state-of-the-scholarship review. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(5), 1137–1167. 10.1017/S0272263120000194
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263120000194 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bertinetto, P. M.
    (1986) Tempo, aspetto e azione nel verbo italiano: Il sistema dell’indicativo. Accademia della Crusca.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Blensenius, K.
    (2015) Progressive constructions in Swedish. PhD Thesis, University of Gothenburg. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/40179
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Comajoan-Colomé, L.
    (2019) Cognitive grammar learning strategies in the acquisition of tense-aspect morphology in L3 Catalan. Language Acquisition, 26(3), 262–281. 10.1080/10489223.2018.1534965
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2018.1534965 [Google Scholar]
  13. Comrie, B.
    (1976) Aspect. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Council of Europe
    Council of Europe (2001) Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Declerck, R., Reed, S., & Cappelle, B.
    (2006) The grammar of the English tense system. A comprehensive analysis. Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110199888
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110199888 [Google Scholar]
  16. Diaubalick, T., Eibensteiner, L., & Salaberry, M. R.
    (2020) Influence of L1/L2 linguistic knowledge on the acquisition of L3 Spanish past tense morphology among L1 German speakers. International Journal of Multilingualism20(2), 329–346. 10.1080/14790718.2020.1841204
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2020.1841204 [Google Scholar]
  17. Domínguez, L., Tracy-Ventura, N., Arche, M. J., Mitchell, R., & Myles, F.
    (2013) The role of dynamic contrasts in the L2 acquisition of Spanish past tense morphology. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(3), 558–577. 10.1017/S1366728912000363
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728912000363 [Google Scholar]
  18. Donoso, A., & Bylund, E.
    (2015) The construal of goal-oriented motion events by Swedish speakers of L2 Spanish. InJ. Tiffany & S. Perpiñán (Eds.), The acquisition of Spanish as a second language from different first languages (233–254). John Benjamins. 10.1075/ihll.3.09don
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.3.09don [Google Scholar]
  19. Eibensteiner, L.
    (2019) Transfer in L3 acquisition: How does L2 aspectual knowledge in English influence the acquisition of perfective and imperfective aspect in L3 Spanish among German-speaking learners?Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 67–83. 10.1075/dujal.19003.eib
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dujal.19003.eib [Google Scholar]
  20. (2021) Transfer im schulischen Drittspracherwerb des Spanischen: Wie L2-Kenntnisse des Englischen, Französischen und Lateinischen den L3-Erwerb von perfektivem und imperfektivem Aspekt im Spanischen beeinflussen. Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. https://elibrary.narr.digital/book/99.125005/9783823394358
    [Google Scholar]
  21. (2022) L3 acquisition of aspect: The influence of structural similarity, analytic L2 and general L3 proficiency. IRAL, International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. 10.1515/iral‑2021‑0220
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2021-0220 [Google Scholar]
  22. (2023) Complex transfer processes in multilingual language (L3/Ln) acquisition of Spanish past tenses: the role of non-native language (L2) transfer. International Journal of Multilingualism. 10.1080/14790718.2022.2164768
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2022.2164768 [Google Scholar]
  23. Falk, Y., Lindqvist, C., & Bardel, C.
    (2015) The role of L1 explicit metalinguistic knowledge in L3 oral production at the initial state. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(2), 227–235. 10.1017/S1366728913000552
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728913000552 [Google Scholar]
  24. Foote, R.
    (2009) Transfer in L3 Acquisition: The role of typology. InY.-K. Leung (Ed.), Third language acquisition and universal grammar (pp. 89–114). Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847691323‑008
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847691323-008 [Google Scholar]
  25. Giacalone Ramat, A.
    (2002) How do learners acquire the classical three categories of temporality. InM. R. Salaberry & Y. Shirai (Eds.), The L2 acquisition of tense-aspect morphology (pp. 221–247). John Benjamins Publishing. 10.1075/lald.27.11gia
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lald.27.11gia [Google Scholar]
  26. Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B.
    (2004) Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–112. 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001 [Google Scholar]
  27. Hammarberg, B.
    (2010) The languages of the multilingual: Some conceptual and terminological issues. IRAL, International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 481, 91–104. 10.1515/iral.2010.005
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2010.005 [Google Scholar]
  28. (2022) Case study research in multilingual contexts. InJ. Cabrelli, A. Chaouch-Orozco, J. González Alonso, S. M. Pereira Soares, E. Puig-Mayenco, & J. Rothman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of third language acquisition and processing (pp. 1–24). Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Howard, M.
    (2005) Les contextes prototypiques et marqués de l’emploi de l’imparfait par l’apprenant du français langue étrangère. InE. Labeau & P. Larrivée (Eds.), Nouveaux développements de l’imparfait (pp. 175–197). Rodopi. 10.1163/9789401202336_011
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401202336_011 [Google Scholar]
  30. Izquierdo, J.
    (2009) L’aspect lexical et la production des temps du passé en français L2: Une étude quantitative auprès d’apprenants hispanophones [Lexical aspect and the production of past-tense morphology in French L2: A quantitative study with Spanish speakers]. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 651, 587–613. 10.3138/cmlr.65.4.587
    https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.65.4.587 [Google Scholar]
  31. Izquierdo, J., & Collins, L.
    (2008) The facilitative role of L1 influence in tense-aspect marking: A comparison of Hispanophone and Anglophone learners of French. The Modern Language Journal, 921, 350–368. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2008.00751.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00751.x [Google Scholar]
  32. Izquierdo, J. & Kihlstedt, M.
    (2019) L2 imperfective functions with verb types in written narratives: A cross–sectional study with instructed Hispanophone learners of French. The Modern Language Journal, 103(1), 291–307. 10.1111/modl.12539
    https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12539 [Google Scholar]
  33. Jarvis, S.
    (2016) Clarifying the scope of conceptual transfer. Language Learning, 66(3), 608–635. 10.1111/lang.12154
    https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12154 [Google Scholar]
  34. (2017) Transfer: An overview with an expanded scope. InA. Golden, S. Jarvis, & K. Tenfjord (Eds.), Crosslinguistic influence and distinctive patterns of language learning (pp. 12–28). Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781783098774‑004
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783098774-004 [Google Scholar]
  35. Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A.
    (2008) Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203935927
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203935927 [Google Scholar]
  36. Kihlstedt, M.
    (1998) La référence au passé dans le dialogue: Étude de l’acquisition de la temporalité chez des apprenants dits avancés de français. PhD Thesis, Stockholm University.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Kihlstedt, M., & Izquierdo, J.
    (2021) The development of discourse and morphological features in L2 narratives: A study with classroom Spanish-speaking learners of French. Languages, 6(4), 191. 10.3390/languages6040191
    https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6040191 [Google Scholar]
  38. Klein, W.
    (1994) Time in language. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Klein-Braley, C.
    (1985) A cloze-up on the C-Test: A study in the construct validation of authentic tests. Language Testing, 2(1), 76–104. 10.1177/026553228500200108
    https://doi.org/10.1177/026553228500200108 [Google Scholar]
  40. (1997) C-Tests in the context of reduced redundancy testing: An appraisal. Language Testing, 14(1), 47–84. 10.1177/026553229701400104
    https://doi.org/10.1177/026553229701400104 [Google Scholar]
  41. Labeau, E.
    (2005) Beyond the Aspect Hypothesis: Tense-aspect development in advanced L2 French. EUROSLA Yearbook5(1), 77–101. 10.1075/eurosla.5.06lab
    https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.5.06lab [Google Scholar]
  42. McManus, K.
    (2021) Crosslinguistic influence and second language learning. Routledge. 10.4324/9780429341663
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429341663 [Google Scholar]
  43. Paradis, M.
    (2009) Declarative and procedural determinants of second languages. John Benjamins Publishing. 10.1075/sibil.40
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.40 [Google Scholar]
  44. Puig-Mayenco, E., González Alonso, J., & Rothman, J.
    (2020) A systematic review of transfer studies in third language acquisition. Second Language Research, 36(1), 31–64. 10.1177/0267658318809147
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658318809147 [Google Scholar]
  45. Rastelli, S.
    (2020) The acquisition of aspect in a second language. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108903455
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108903455 [Google Scholar]
  46. (2021) Initial L2 learners may ignore or disregard whether predicates are telic or atelic: Counterevidence to the aspect hypothesis. Lingue e Linguaggio, 20(1), 81–110.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Rothman, J.
    (2011) L3 syntactic transfer selectivity and typological determinacy: The Typological Primacy Model. Second Language Research, 27(1), 107–127. 10.1177/0267658310386439
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658310386439 [Google Scholar]
  48. (2015) Linguistic and cognitive motivations for the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) of third language (L3) transfer: Timing of acquisition and proficiency considered. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(2), 179–190. 10.1017/S136672891300059X
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891300059X [Google Scholar]
  49. Salaberry, M. R.
    (2005) Evidence for transfer of knowledge of aspect from L2 Spanish to L3 Portuguese. InD. Ayoun & M. R. Salaberry (Eds.), Tense and aspect in Romance languages: Theoretical and applied perspectives (pp. 179–210). John Benjamins Publishing. 10.1075/sibil.29.07sal
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.29.07sal [Google Scholar]
  50. (2008) Marking past tense in second language acquisition: A theoretical model. Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. (2020) The conceptualisation of knowledge about aspect: From monolingual to multilingual representations. InC. Bardel & L. Sánchez (Eds.), Third language acquisition: Age, proficiency and multilingualism (pp. 43–65). Language Science Press. CitetononCRdoi:10.5281/zenodo.4138737
    https://doi.org/Cite to nonCR doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4138737 [Google Scholar]
  52. (2021) Expandiendo la definición de aspecto en la adquisición de segunda lengua: Evaluación de niveles de competencia avanzados en el conocimiento de aspecto. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación, 871, 7–16. 10.5209/clac.76709
    https://doi.org/10.5209/clac.76709 [Google Scholar]
  53. Sánchez, L.
    (2020) From L2 to L3, verbs getting into place: A study on interlanguage transfer and L2 syntactic proficiency. InC. Bardel & L. Sánchez (Eds.), Third language acquisition: Age, proficiency and multilingualism (pp. 209–235). Language Science Press. CitetononCRdoi:10.5281/zenodo.4138747
    https://doi.org/Cite to nonCR doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4138747 [Google Scholar]
  54. Shirai, Y., & Andersen, R.
    (1995) The acquisition of tense-aspect morphology: A prototype account. Language, 71(4), 743–762. 10.2307/415743
    https://doi.org/10.2307/415743 [Google Scholar]
  55. Slabakova, R.
    (2017) The Scalpel Model of third language acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(6), 651–665. 10.1177/1367006916655413
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006916655413 [Google Scholar]
  56. Slobin, D. I.
    (1996) From “thought and language” to “thinking for speaking”. InJ. Gumperz & S. Levinson (Eds.), Rethinking linguistic relativity (pp. 70–96). Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Squartini, M., & Bertinetto, P. M.
    (2000) The simple and compound past in Romance languages. InÖ. Dahl (Ed.), Tense and aspect in the languages of Europe (pp. 403–440). De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9783110197099.3.403
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197099.3.403 [Google Scholar]
  58. Tagliamonte, S., & Lawrence, H.
    (2000) “I used to dance, but I don’t dance now”: The habitual past in English. Journal of English Linguistics, 28(4), 324–353. 10.1177/007542420002800402
    https://doi.org/10.1177/007542420002800402 [Google Scholar]
  59. Vallerossa, F.
    (2021) The role of linguistic typology, target language proficiency and prototypes in learning aspectual contrasts in Italian as additional language. Languages, 6(4), 184. 10.3390/languages6040184
    https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6040184 [Google Scholar]
  60. (2022) ‘I think mangiò might be passé simple’: Exploring multilingual learners’ reflections on past tense verb morphology. International Journal of Multilingualism. 10.1080/14790718.2022.2036159
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2022.2036159 [Google Scholar]
  61. (2023) Learning aspect in Italian as a third language: Transfer patterns among multilingual learners in the Swedish context. PhD Thesis, Stockholm University.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Vallerossa, F., Gudmundson, A., Bergström, A., & Bardel, C.
    (2021) Learning aspect in Italian as additional language. The role of second languages. IRAL, International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 61(3), 1139–1171. 10.1515/iral‑2021‑0033
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2021-0033 [Google Scholar]
  63. von Stutterheim, C., & Nüse, R.
    (2003) Processes of conceptualization in language production: Language-specific perspectives and event construal. Linguistics, 411, 851–881. 10.1515/ling.2003.028
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2003.028 [Google Scholar]
  64. von Stutterheim, C., Nüse, R., & Murcia-Serra, J.
    (2002) Crosslinguistic differences in the conceptualization of events. InH. Hasselgård, S. Johansson, B. Behrens, & C. Fabricius-Hansen (Eds.), Information structure in a crosslinguistic perspective (pp. 179–198). Rodopi. 10.1163/9789004334250_012
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004334250_012 [Google Scholar]
  65. Westergaard, M., Mitrofanova, N., Mykhaylyk, R., & Rodina, Y.
    (2017) Crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of a third language: The Linguistic Proximity Model. International Journal of Bilingualism, 21(6), 666–682. 10.1177/1367006916648859
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006916648859 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lia.22020.val
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/lia.22020.val
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error