1887
Volume 5, Issue 2
  • ISSN 2214-9953
  • E-ISSN: 2214-9961
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

The Central district is the government, financial, and business center of Hong Kong. Yet, on Sundays, it turns temporarily into a space densely occupied by migrant domestic workers from the Philippines. It is then that Tagalog emerges as a valuable linguistic resource in the center of Hong Kong, primarily as it is used on commercial signage as well as by speakers of other languages who see the presence of Filipinos – predominantly female domestic workers – as a business opportunity. Other signs in central Hong Kong that include Tagalog are regulatory, indexing the same Filipinos as low status domestic workers. Using the key concepts of (Blommaert, 2007) and (Pietikäinen & Kelly-Holmes, 2013), I analyze the underlying forces relevant to Tagalog’s (and hence its speakers) symbolic centering and peripheralization in Hong Kong’s semiotic landscape.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ll.18024.gui
2019-07-22
2024-12-11
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Aguilar Jr., F. V.
    (2014) Migration revolution: Philippine Nationhood and Class Relations in a Global Age. Quezon City, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv1qv2sw
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1qv2sw [Google Scholar]
  2. Angermeyer, P. S.
    (2017) Controlling Roma refugees with ‘Google-Hungarian’: Indexing deviance, contempt, and belonging in Toronto’s linguistic landscape. Language in Society, 46: 159–183. doi:  10.1017/S0047404516001020
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404516001020 [Google Scholar]
  3. Asian Migrant Centre
    Asian Migrant Centre (2001) Baseline Research on Racial and Gender Discrimination Towards Filipino, Indonesian and Thai Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong. Retrieved fromhttps://www.asianmigrantcentre.org/baseline-research
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Blommaert, J.
    (2007) Sociolinguistic scales. Intercultural pragmatics, 4(1): 1–19. 10.1515/IP.2007.001
    https://doi.org/10.1515/IP.2007.001 [Google Scholar]
  5. (2013) Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: Chronicles of complexity (Vol.18). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781783090419
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783090419 [Google Scholar]
  6. Blommaert, J., & Dong, J.
    (2010) Ethnographic fieldwork: A beginner’s guide. Bristol & Buffalo: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847692962
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847692962 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bradsher, K.
    (2013, March26). Hong Kong court denies residency to domestics. The New York Times, p.A4.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Camposano, C. C.
    (2012) Balikbayan boxes and the performance of intimacy by Filipino migrant women in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Migration Journal, 21(1): 83–102. 10.1177/011719681202100104
    https://doi.org/10.1177/011719681202100104 [Google Scholar]
  9. Commission on Filipinos Overseas
    Commission on Filipinos Overseas (2013) Stock Estimates of Overseas Filipinos (as of December 2013). Manila: Commission on Overseas Filipinos. Retrieved fromwww.cfo.gov.ph/images/stories/pdf/StockEstimate2013.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Constable, N.
    (2007) Maid to order in Hong Kong: Stories of Filipina workers (2nd ed.). Ithaca, USA: Cornell University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. (2009) Migrant workers and the many states of protest in Hong Kong. Critical Asian Studies, 41(1): 143–164. doi:  10.1080/14672710802631202
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14672710802631202 [Google Scholar]
  12. Del Percio, A., Flubacher, M.-C. & Duchêne, A.
    (2017) Language and political economy. InO. Garcia, N. Flores, & M. Spotti (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language and Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dwyer, C.
    (2016) A Sunday ritual for 300000 women. Retrieved9 October 2018, fromBritish Broadcasting Companywww.bbc.com/travel/story/20161109-a-sunday-ritual-for-300000-women
  14. Gal, S.
    (2016) Scale-making: Comparison and perspective as ideological projects. InE. S. Carr & M. Lempert (Eds.), Scale: Discourse and dimensions of social life (pp.91–111). California: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gonzalez, A.
    (1998) The language planning situation in the Philippines. Journal of multilingual & multicultural development, 19(5&6): 487–525. doi: 0143‑4632/98/05‑0487‑39
    https://doi.org/0143-4632/98/05-0487-39 [Google Scholar]
  16. Haarstad, H. & Fløysand, A.
    (2007) Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru. Political Geography, 26: 289–308. 10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014 [Google Scholar]
  17. Heugh, K.
    (2013) Mobility, migration and sustainability: re-figuring languages in diversity. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2013(222): 5–32. doi:  10.1515/ijsl‑2013‑0030
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2013-0030 [Google Scholar]
  18. Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department
    Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department (2017) 2016 Population By-census: Thematic Report: Ethnic Minorities. Hong Kong: 2016 Population By-census Office Census and Statistics Department. Retrieved fromhttps://www.statistics.gov.hk/​pub/B11201002016XXXXB0100.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department
    Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department (2018) Foreign domestic helpers by nationality and sex. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2018https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/gender/labour_force/index.jsp
  20. Hong Kong Federation of Asian Domestic Helpers, & Progressive Labor Union of Domestic Workers in Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Federation of Asian Domestic Helpers, & Progressive Labor Union of Domestic Workers in Hong Kong (2016) Between a rock and a hard place: The charging of illegal agency fees to Filipio domestic workers in the Philippines and Hong Kong. Retrieved fromhttps://view.publitas.com/rights-exposure/between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place-en/page/1
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hong Kong Immigration Department
    Hong Kong Immigration Department (2015) Standard Employment Contract and Terms of Employment for Helpers. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Immigration DepartmentRetrieved fromhttps://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/forms/forms/fdhcontractterms.html
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hong Kong Tourism Commission
    Hong Kong Tourism Commission (2018) Tourism Performance in 2017. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Tourism CommissionRetrieved fromhttps://www.tourism.gov.hk/english/statistics/statistics_perform.html
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hutton, C.
    (2014) Linguistic landscape, law and reflexive modernity. InA. Wagner & R. K. Sherwin (Eds.), Law, Culture and Visual Studies (pp.599–613). Netherlands: Springer. 10.1007/978‑90‑481‑9322‑6_26
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9322-6_26 [Google Scholar]
  24. Ingold, T.
    (1993) The temporality of the landscape. World Geography, 25(2): 152–174.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Irvine, J. T.
    (2016) Going upscale. InE. S. Carr & M. Lempert (Eds.), Scale: Discourse and dimensions of social life (pp.213–231). California: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Irvine, J. T. & Gal, S.
    (2000) Language ideology and linguistic differentiation. InP. V. Kroskitry (Ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities (pp.35–84). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jaworski, A.
    (2014) Mobile language in mobile places. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(5): 524–533. 10.1177/1367006913484207
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006913484207 [Google Scholar]
  28. Jaworski, A. & Thurlow, C.
    (2013) The (de-)centring spaces of airports: Framing mobility and multilingualism. InS. Pietikäinen & H. Kelly-Holmes (Eds.), Multilingualism and the Periphery. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945177.003.0009
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945177.003.0009 [Google Scholar]
  29. Justice Centre Hong Kong
    Justice Centre Hong Kong (2016) Coming clean: The prevalence of forced labour and human trafficking for the purpose of forced labour amongst migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. Hong Kong.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kress, G. R. & Van Leeuwen, T.
    (2006) Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London & New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203619728
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203619728 [Google Scholar]
  31. Ladegaard, H. J.
    (2015) Coping with trauma in domestic migrant worker narratives: Linguistic, emotional and psychological perspectives. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 19(2): 189–221. doi:  10.1111/josl.12117
    https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12117 [Google Scholar]
  32. Lai, M. L.
    (2013) The linguistic landscape of Hong Kong after the change of sovereignty. International Journal of Multilingualism, 10(3): 251–272. doi:  10.1080/14790718.2012.708036
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2012.708036 [Google Scholar]
  33. Law, L.
    (2001) Home cooking: Filipino women and geographies of the senses in Hong Kong. Ecumene, 8(3): 264–283. 10.1177/096746080100800302
    https://doi.org/10.1177/096746080100800302 [Google Scholar]
  34. (2002) Defying disappearance: Cosmopolitan public spaces in Hong Kong. Urban Studies, 39(9): 1625–1645. doi: 10.1080/0042098022015169‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098022015169-1 [Google Scholar]
  35. Lee Moss, E.
    (2017, 10March 2017) ‘That one day is all you have’: how Hong Kong’s domestic workers seized Sunday. The Guardian. Retrieved fromhttps://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/10/sunday-sit-in-inside-hong-kong-weekly-domestic-worker-resistance
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Legislative Council Research Office
    Legislative Council Research Office (2017) Foreign domestic helpers and evolving care duties in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Legislative Council Research OfficeRetrieved fromhttps://www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/1617rb04-foreign-domestic-helpers-and-evolving-care-duties-in-hong-kong-20170720-e.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Lemke, J. L.
    (2000) Across the scales of time: Artifacts, activities, and meanings in ecosocial systems. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 7(4): 273–290. doi:  10.1207/S15327884MCA0704_03
    https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327884MCA0704_03 [Google Scholar]
  38. Lindio-McGovern, L.
    (2012) Globalization, labor export and resistance: A study of Filipino migrant domestic workers in global cities. London & New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Lock, G.
    (2003) Being international, local and Chinese: advertisements on the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway. Visual Communication, 2(2): 195–214. 10.1177/1470357203002002005
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357203002002005 [Google Scholar]
  40. Lorente, B. P.
    (2018) Scripts of Servitude: Language, Labor Migration and Transnational Domestic Work. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Otsuji, E. & Pennycook, A.
    (2010) Metrolingualism: Fixity, fluidity and language in flux. International Journal of Multilingualism, 7(3): 240–254. 10.1080/14790710903414331
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710903414331 [Google Scholar]
  42. Pappenhagen, R., Scarvaglieri, C. & Redder, A.
    (2016) Expanding the linguistic landscape scenery? Action theory and ‘linguistic soundscaping’. InR. Blackwood, E. Lanza, & H. Woldemariam (Eds.), Negotiating and contesting identities in Linguistic landscapes (pp.147–162). London: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Parreñas, R. S.
    (2001) Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration, and Domestic Work. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Pennycook, A. & Otsuji, E.
    (2014) Metrolingual multitasking and spatial repertoires: ‘Pizza mo two minutes coming’. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 18(2): 161–184. 10.1111/josl.12079
    https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12079 [Google Scholar]
  45. (2015) Making scents of the landscape. Linguistic Landscape, 1(3): 191–212. 10.1075/ll.1.3.01pen
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.1.3.01pen [Google Scholar]
  46. Peralta-Catipon, T.
    (2011) Collective occupations among Filipina migrant workers: Bridging disrupted identities. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 32(2): 14–21. doi:  10.3928/15394492‑20110805‑01
    https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20110805-01 [Google Scholar]
  47. Pietikäinen, S. & Kelly-Holmes, H.
    (Eds.) (2013) Multilingualism and the Periphery. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945177.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945177.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  48. Rampton, B.
    (2007) Neo-Hymesian linguistic ethnography in the United Kingdom. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 11(5): 584–607. doi:  10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2007.00341.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00341.x [Google Scholar]
  49. Rodriguez, R. M.
    (2008) The labor brokerage state and the globalization of Filipina care workers. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 33(4). 10.1086/528743
    https://doi.org/10.1086/528743 [Google Scholar]
  50. Scollon, R. & Wong Scollon, S.
    (2003) Discourses in place: Language in the material world. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203422724
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203422724 [Google Scholar]
  51. Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. E.
    (2018) Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition. fromSIL Internationalhttps://www.ethnologue.com/country/PH
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Thurlow, C. & Jaworski, A.
    (2010) Borrowed genres and the language market: Trade signs and business cards. InA. Jaworski & C. Thurlow (Eds.), Tourism Discourse: Language and Global Mobility (pp.49–90). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Tupas, R. & Lorente, B. P.
    (2014) A ‘new’ politics of language in the Philippines: Bilingual education and the new challenge of the mother tongues. InP. Sercombe & R. Tupas (Eds.), Language, Education and Nation-building: Assimilation and Shift in Southeast Asia (pp.165–180). England & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/ll.18024.gui
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/ll.18024.gui
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error