1887
Volume 8, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2214-9953
  • E-ISSN: 2214-9961
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This paper presents a taxonomy of indexicalities attached to Linguistic Landscapes in the city of Manchester, UK, which utilise Vietnamese writing and imagery. The taxonomy contrasts the employment of Vietnamese as a foreign language by a British restaurant chain, as a heritage language by second-generation Vietnamese businesses, and as a first language by first-generation businesses. Through the incorporation of scale analysis, the paper aims to show that while all three types of landscapes index Vietnamese authenticity on the surface level of indexicality, on a higher level, a distinction can be drawn between place-making, identity work, and purely commercial indexicalities. That distinction is argued not to be identifiable in the visual resources of the landscapes themselves, but rather in the shared knowledge drawn on in their interpretation. The paper hopes to further contribute to the theoretical diversity of Linguistic Landscape by demonstrating the compatibility and benefits of scale analysis.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ll.21004.ngu
2021-12-20
2024-12-10
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Agnihotri, R. K. and McCormick, K.
    (2010) Language in the material world: Multilinguality in signage. International Multilingual Research Journal, 4(1), pp.55–81. 10.1080/19313150903501133
    https://doi.org/10.1080/19313150903501133 [Google Scholar]
  2. Aguilar-San Juan, K.
    (2005) Staying Vietnamese: community and place in Orange County and Boston. City & Community, 4(1), pp.37–65. 10.1111/j.1535‑6841.2005.00102.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-6841.2005.00102.x [Google Scholar]
  3. Augé, M.
    (1995) Non-places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. Brooklyn: Verso.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barber, T.
    (2018) The integration of Vietnamese refugees in London and the UK: Fragmentation, complexity, and “in/visibility” (No. 2018/2). WIDER Working Paper.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ben-Rafael, E., Shohamy, E., Hasan Amara, M. and Trumper-Hecht, N.
    (2006) Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space: The case of Israel. International journal of multilingualism, 3(1), pp.7–30. 10.1080/14790710608668383
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710608668383 [Google Scholar]
  6. Bloch, A. and Hirsch, S.
    (2017) “Second generation” refugees and multilingualism: identity, race and language transmission. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(14), pp.2444–2462. 10.1080/01419870.2016.1252461
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1252461 [Google Scholar]
  7. Blommaert, J., Collins, J. and Slembrouck, S.
    (2005) Spaces of multilingualism. Language & Communication, 25(3), pp.197–216. 10.1016/j.langcom.2005.05.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2005.05.002 [Google Scholar]
  8. Blommaert, J., & Maly, I.
    (2015) Ethnographic linguistic landscape analysis and social change: A case study. InLanguage and Superdiversity (pp.207–227). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Blommaert, J.
    (2007) Sociolinguistic scales. Intercultural pragmatics, 4(1), pp.1–19. 10.1515/IP.2007.001
    https://doi.org/10.1515/IP.2007.001 [Google Scholar]
  10. (2013) Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: Chronicles of complexity (Vol.18). Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781783090419
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783090419 [Google Scholar]
  11. Blommaert, J. and Backus, A.
    (2013) Superdiverse repertoires and the individual. InMultilingualism and multimodality (pp.9–32). Brill Sense. 10.1007/978‑94‑6209‑266‑2_2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-266-2_2 [Google Scholar]
  12. Burdick, C.
    (2012) Mobility and language in place: A linguistic landscape of language commodification. Dissertations and Theses based on CHESS-Sponsored Field Research. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Canagarajah, S., and De Costa, P. I.
    (2016) Introduction: Scales analysis, and its uses and prospects in educational linguistics. Linguistics and Education, 34, 1–10. 10.1016/j.linged.2015.09.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2015.09.001 [Google Scholar]
  14. Collins, J., and Slembrouck, S.
    (2007) Reading shop windows in globalized neighborhoods: Multilingual literacy practices and indexicality. Journal of Literacy Research, 39(3), 335–356. 10.1080/10862960701613128
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10862960701613128 [Google Scholar]
  15. Companies House
  16. Coupland, N., and Garrett, P.
    (2010) Linguistic landscapes, discursive frames and metacultural performance: The case of Welsh Patagonia. International journal of the sociology of language 2010(205), 7–36. 10.1515/ijsl.2010.037
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2010.037 [Google Scholar]
  17. Deleuze, G., and Guattari, F.
    (1988) A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. Bloomsbury Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Edwards, J.
    (2004) Language Minorities. InA. Davies and C. Elder (Eds), Handbook of Applied Linguistics, (pp.451–476). Oxford: Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470757000.ch18
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470757000.ch18 [Google Scholar]
  19. Foucault, M., and Miskowiec, J.
    (1986) Of other spaces. diacritics, 16(1), 22–27. 10.2307/464648
    https://doi.org/10.2307/464648 [Google Scholar]
  20. Gardner-Chloros, P.
    (2009) Multilingualism of Autochthonous Minorities. InP. Auer and L. Wei (Eds). Handbook of Multilingualism and Multilingual Communication, (pp.469–491). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gorter, D., and Cenoz, J.
    (2015) Translanguaging and linguistic landscapes. Linguistic landscape, 1(1–2), 54–74. 10.1075/ll.1.1‑2.04gor
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.1.1-2.04gor [Google Scholar]
  22. Gorter, D. and Cenoz, J.
    (2020) Theoretical development of linguistic landscape studies. Linguistic Landscape, 6(1), pp.16–22. 10.1075/ll.00020.gor
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.00020.gor [Google Scholar]
  23. Gorter, D.
    ed. (2006) Linguistic landscape: A new approach to multilingualism. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781853599170
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853599170 [Google Scholar]
  24. Heller, M.
    (2010) The commodification of language. Annual review of Anthropology, 39, 101–114. 10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104951
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104951 [Google Scholar]
  25. Hymes, D.
    (1972) On communicative competence. InJ. B. Pride, & J. Holmes (Eds.) Sociolinguistics. London: Penguin. 269–293.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ivkovic, D., & Lotherington, H.
    (2009) Multilingualism in cyberspace: Conceptualising the virtual linguistic landscape. International Journal of Multilingualism, 6(1), 17–36. 10.1080/14790710802582436
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710802582436 [Google Scholar]
  27. Käihkö, I.
    (2020) Conflict chatnography: Instant messaging apps, social media and conflict ethnography in Ukraine. Ethnography, 21(1), 71–91. 10.1177/1466138118781640
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138118781640 [Google Scholar]
  28. Landry, R., & Bourhis, R. Y.
    (1997) Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An empirical study. Journal of language and social psychology, 16(1), 23–49. 10.1177/0261927X970161002
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002 [Google Scholar]
  29. Lee, J. W., and Lou, J. J.
    (2019) The ordinary semiotic landscape of an unordinary place: spatiotemporal disjunctures in Incheon’s Chinatown. International Journal of Multilingualism, 16(2), 187–203. 10.1080/14790718.2019.1575837
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2019.1575837 [Google Scholar]
  30. Leeman, J., and Modan, G.
    (2009) Commodified language in Chinatown: A contextualized approach to linguistic landscape 1. Journal of sociolinguistics, 13(3), 332–362. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2009.00409.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2009.00409.x [Google Scholar]
  31. Leeman, J. and Modan, G.
    (2010) Selling the city: Language, ethnicity and commodified space. InShohamy, E. G., Rafael, E. B., and Barni, M. (Eds.) Linguistic landscape in the city (pp.182–198). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847692993‑012
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847692993-012 [Google Scholar]
  32. Lefebvre, H., and Nicholson-Smith, D.
    (1991) The production of space (Vol.142). Blackwell: Oxford.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Lou, J.
    (2007) Revitalizing Chinatown into a heterotopia: A geosemiotic analysis of shop signs in Washington, DC’s Chinatown. Space and Culture, 10(2), 170–194. 10.1177/1206331206298547
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331206298547 [Google Scholar]
  34. Lyons, K.
    (2017, January19). #mysanfrancisco: Social Media and the Conceptual Linguistic Landscape. doi:  10.31235/osf.io/rqktw
    https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/rqktw [Google Scholar]
  35. Malinowski, D., and Tufi, S.
    (Eds.) (2020) Reterritorializing linguistic landscapes: Questioning boundaries and opening spaces. Bloomsbury Publishing. 10.5040/9781350077997
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350077997 [Google Scholar]
  36. Matras, Y., Gaiser, L., and Reershemius, G.
    (2018) Multilingual repertoire management and illocutionary functions in Yiddish signage in Manchester. Journal of Pragmatics, 135, 53–70. 10.1016/j.pragma.2018.07.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.07.005 [Google Scholar]
  37. Nam MCR website
    Nam MCR website, retrieved19/01/2020at: nammcr.com/
  38. Nguyễn, T. S. T.
    (2006) “They don’t even know what Vietnam is!”: the production of space through hybrid place-making and performativity in an urban public elementary school (Doctoral dissertation).
  39. Nguyên, T. S. T.
    (2010) Vietnamese diasporic placemaking: An ethnographic moment in uneven geographic development. Educational Policy, 24(1), 159–188. 10.1177/0895904809354496
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904809354496 [Google Scholar]
  40. Pho Café website
    Pho Café website 2020 Accessed19/01/2020at: phocafe.uk.co
  41. Postill, J.
    (2017) Doing remote ethnography. InHjorth, L., Horst, H., Galloway, A., and Bell, G. (Eds.) The Routledge companion to digital ethnography. London: Routledge
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Reershemius, G. K.
    (2009) Post-vernacular language use in a Low German linguistic community. Journal of Germanic Linguistics, 21(2), 131–147. 10.1017/S1470542709000221
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1470542709000221 [Google Scholar]
  43. Reershemius, G.
    (2020) Semiotic rural landscapes and the performance of community in villages: A case study from low German-speaking northern Germany. Linguistic Landscape, 6(2), 128–154. 10.1075/ll.19027.ree
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.19027.ree [Google Scholar]
  44. Scollon, R., and Scollon, S. W.
    (2003) Discourses in place: Language in the material world. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203422724
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203422724 [Google Scholar]
  45. Shohamy, E., and Gorter, D.
    (Eds.) (2008) Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203930960
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930960 [Google Scholar]
  46. Silverstein, M.
    (2003) Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life. Language and communication, 23(3–4), 193–229. 10.1016/S0271‑5309(03)00013‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00013-2 [Google Scholar]
  47. Sims, M., and Sims, J. M.
    (2007) The Vietnamese community in Great Britain: thirty years on. London: Runnymede Trust.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Spivak, G. C.
    (2008) Other Asias. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Spolsky, B.
    (2020) Linguistic landscape: The semiotics of public signage. Linguistic Landscape, 6(1), 2–15. 10.1075/ll.00015.spo
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.00015.spo [Google Scholar]
  50. Telegraph
  51. Thurlow, C., and Jaworski, A.
    (2012) Elite mobilities: The semiotic landscapes of luxury and privilege. Social Semiotics, 22(4), 487–516. 10.1080/10350330.2012.721592
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2012.721592 [Google Scholar]
  52. (2014) Visible-invisible: The social semiotics of labour in luxury tourism. Elite mobilities, 176–193.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Vertovec, S.
    (2007) Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies30, 1024–1054. 10.1080/01419870701599465
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870701599465 [Google Scholar]
  54. Wallerstein, I.
    (1998) The time of space and the space of time: The future of social science. Political geography, 17(1), 71–82. 10.1016/S0962‑6298(96)00097‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(96)00097-2 [Google Scholar]
  55. Viet Shack Facebook page
    Viet Shack Facebook page 2020 Retrieved19/01/2020at: https://www.facebook.com/vietshackresraurant
/content/journals/10.1075/ll.21004.ngu
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/ll.21004.ngu
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error