1887
Volume 9, Issue 3
  • ISSN 2214-9953
  • E-ISSN: 2214-9961
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This article uses linguistic and semiotic landscapes as tools to analyze the ideological work required for rendering Calle Loíza, an urban street in San Juan, Puerto Rico, as successfully revitalized. Linguistic Landscapes provide insight on discursive chains that circulate logics and produce values of places, and therefore form an intrinsic part of capital-driven urban change. I aim to show how perspectives of places can be structured, and how values of places are naturalized and embedded in the neoliberal political economy. Drawing from ethnographic and online sources of data, I argue that Calle Loíza is a site of ideological contestation and that the processes of rhematization and erasure are required for Calle Loiza’s indexical relation to progress and its articulation as a successfully revitalized urban neighborhood. The findings demonstrate that online spaces are also material, and that language is essential in the production and circulation of political economic values of places.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ll.22037.cas
2023-08-14
2024-12-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Agha, A.
    (2003) The social life of cultural value. Language & communication, 23 (3/4), 231–273. 10.1016/S0271‑5309(03)00012‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00012-0 [Google Scholar]
  2. Baro, G.
    (2020) The semiotics of Heritage and Regeneration: Post-Apartheid Urban Development in Johannesburg. InD. Malinowski & S. Tufi (Eds.) Reterritorializing Linguistic Landscapes: Questioning Boundaries and Opening Spaces (pp.216–235). London: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350077997.0020
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350077997.0020 [Google Scholar]
  3. Ben-Rafael, E., Shohamy, E., Hasan Amara, M. & Trumper-Hecht, N.
    (2006) Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space: The case of Israel. International journal of multilingualism, 3 (1), 7–30. 10.1080/14790710608668383
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710608668383 [Google Scholar]
  4. Ben-Rafael, E.
    (2009) A sociological approach to the study of linguistic landscapes. InE. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery (pp.40–54). New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Blommaert, J. & Maly, I.
    (2019) Invisible lines in the online-offline linguistic landscape. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies, 2231.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cavanaugh, J., & Shankar, S.
    (2017) Toward a theory of linguistic materiality: an introduction. InJ. Cavanaugh & S. Shankar (Eds.), Language and Materiality: Ethnographic and theoretical explorations. (pp.1–28). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316848418
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316848418 [Google Scholar]
  7. Chumley, L. H.
    (2013) Evaluation regimes and the qualia of quality. Anthropological Theory, 13 (1/2), 169–183. 10.1177/1463499613483408
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499613483408 [Google Scholar]
  8. Coulmas, F.
    (2009) Linguistic Landscaping and the Seed of the Public Sphere. InE. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery (pp.13–24). New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dávila, A. M.
    (2012) Culture Works: Space, value, and mobility across the neoliberal Americas. New York University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Díaz, C. M.
    (2017) August31. En la calle Loíza vive gente. Primera Hora. Retrieved fromwww.primerahora.com/noticias/gobiernopolitica/nota/enlacalleloizavivegente1243303/
  11. Discover Puerto Rico
    Discover Puerto Rico. (n.d.). Explore Puerto Rico with Lin-Manuel Miranda. RetrievedJuly 21fromhttps://www.discoverpuertorico.com/lin-manuel-miranda
  12. Gal, S.
    (2013) Tastes of talk: Qualia and the moral flavor of signs. Anthropological Theory, 13 (1/2), 31–48. 10.1177/1463499613483396
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499613483396 [Google Scholar]
  13. Gal, S. & Irvine, J. T.
    (2019) Signs of Difference: Language and ideology in social life. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108649209
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649209 [Google Scholar]
  14. Ganti, T.
    (2014) Neoliberalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 431, 89–104. 10.1146/annurev‑anthro‑092412‑155528
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155528 [Google Scholar]
  15. Gershon, I.
    (2011) Neoliberal Agency. Current Anthropology, 52(4), 537–555. 10.1086/660866
    https://doi.org/10.1086/660866 [Google Scholar]
  16. Gladstone, D. & Préau, J.
    (2008) Gentrification in tourist cities: Evidence from New Orleans before and after Hurricane Katrina. Housing Policy Debate, 19(1), 137–175. 10.1080/10511482.2008.9521629
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2008.9521629 [Google Scholar]
  17. Goffman, E.
    (1979) Footing. Semiotica, 251, 1–29. 10.1515/semi.1979.25.1‑2.1
    https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1979.25.1-2.1 [Google Scholar]
  18. Gonçalves, K.
    (2019) The Semiotic Paradox of Street Art: Gentrification and Commodification of Bushwick, Brooklyn. InA. Peck, C. Stroud, & Q. Williams (Eds.), Making Sense of People and Place in Linguistic Landscapes, (pp.141–158). London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gotham, K. F.
    (2007) (Re)branding the big easy: tourism rebuilding in post-Katrina New Orleans. Urban Affairs Review, 42(6), 823–850. 10.1177/1078087407300222
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087407300222 [Google Scholar]
  20. Harkness, N.
    (2013) Softer Soju in South Korea. Anthropological Theory, 13(1/2), 12–30. 10.1177/1463499613483394
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499613483394 [Google Scholar]
  21. (2020) Qualia. InJ. Stanlaw (Ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Linguistic Anthropology (pp.1–5). 10.1002/9781118786093.iela0330
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786093.iela0330 [Google Scholar]
  22. Harvey, D.
    (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780199283262.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199283262.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  23. Hill, W.
    (2017) Art after the hipster: Identity politics, ethics and aesthetics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑68578‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68578-6 [Google Scholar]
  24. Jaffe, A.
    (2019) Poeticizing the economy: The Corsican language in a nexus of pride and profit. Multilingua, 38(1), 9–27. 10.1515/multi‑2018‑0005
    https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0005 [Google Scholar]
  25. Jaworski, A. & Thurlow, C.
    (Eds.) (2010) Semiotic landscapes: Language, image, space. London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Jones, R. H.
    (2010) Cyberspace and Physical space: Attention Structures in Computer Mediated Communication. InA. Jaworski & C. Thurlow (Eds.), Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, and Space. (pp.151–167). London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kallen, J.
    (2009) Tourism and representation in the Irish linguistic Landscape. InE. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery, (pp.270–284). New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Kallen, J., Dohnnacha, E., & Wade, K.
    (2020) Online linguistic landscapes: Discourse, globalization, and enregisterment. InD. Malinowski & S. Tufi (Eds.) Reterritorializing linguistic landscapes: Questioning boundaries and opening spaces (pp.96–116). London: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350077997.0013
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350077997.0013 [Google Scholar]
  29. Keane, W.
    (2003) Semiotics and the social analysis of material things. Language & Communication, 23(3/4), 409–425. 10.1016/S0271‑5309(03)00010‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00010-7 [Google Scholar]
  30. LeBrón, M.
    (2020) They don’t care if we die: The violence of urban policing in Puerto Rico. Journal of Urban History, 46(5), 1066–1084. 10.1177/0096144217705485
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144217705485 [Google Scholar]
  31. Leeman, J. & Modan, G.
    (2009) Commodified language in Chinatown: A contextualized approach to linguistic landscapes. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 13(3), 332–362. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2009.00409.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2009.00409.x [Google Scholar]
  32. Leland, J.
    (2004) Hip: the history. New York: Ecco Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. LexJuris
    LexJuris (2018) Ley Num 275 del año 2018. LexJuris, n.d. 2018, retrievedJuly 21fromhttps://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2018/lexl2018275.htm
  34. Low, S. & Lawrence-Zúñiga, D.
    (Eds.) (2003) The Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture. Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Lyons, K.
    (2019) Let’s get phygital: Seeing through the ‘filtered’ landscapes of Instagram. Linguistic Landscape, 5(2), 179–197. 10.1075/ll.18025.lyo
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.18025.lyo [Google Scholar]
  36. Mac Giolla Chríost, D.
    (2020) ‘Mind the Gap’: Social Space in Linguistic Landscape Studies. InD. Malinowski & S. Tufi (Eds.), Reterritorializing Linguistic Landscapes: Questioning Boundaries and Opening Spaces (pp.77–94). London: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350077997.0011
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350077997.0011 [Google Scholar]
  37. Maly, I., & Blommaert, J.
    (2019, November). Digital Ethnographic Linguistic Landscape Analysis (ELLA 2.0). In16th Annual IMISCOE conference, June 26–28.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Miller, L.
    (2017) Japan’s Trendy Word Grand Prix and Kanji of the Year: commodified language forms in multiple contexts. InJ. Cavanaugh & S. Shankar (Eds.), Language and Materiality: Ethnographic and theoretical explorations, (pp.43–62). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316848418.003
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316848418.003 [Google Scholar]
  39. Mitchell, T. D.
    (2010) ‘A Latino Community Takes Hold’: Reproducing Semiotic Landscapes in Media discourse. InA. Jaworski & C. Thurlow (Eds.), Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, and Space, (pp.168–186). London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Picó, F.
    (2014) Santurce y las voces de su gente. Havana: Ediciones Huracán.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Rivera-Rideau, P. R.
    (2013) “From Carolina to Loíza: race, place and Puerto Rican racial democracy. Identities, 20(5), 616–632. 10.1080/1070289X.2013.842476
    https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.842476 [Google Scholar]
  42. Shankar, S.
    (2017) Spelling Materiality: the branded business of competitive spelling. InJ. Cavanaugh & S. Shankar (Eds.), Language and Materiality: Ethnographic and theoretical explorations. (pp.87–102). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316848418.005
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316848418.005 [Google Scholar]
  43. Shankar, S. & Cavanaugh, J. R.
    (2012) Language and Materiality in Global Capitalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 411, 355–369. 10.1146/annurev‑anthro‑092611‑145811
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145811 [Google Scholar]
  44. Shohamy, E. & Waksman, S.
    (2009) Linguistic Landscape as an Ecological Arena: Modalities, Meanings, Negotiations, Education. InE. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery. (pp.313–331). New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Tegtmeyer, L. L.
    (2016) Tourism aesthetics in ruinscapes: Bargaining cultural and monetary values of Detroit’s negative image. Tourist Studies, 16(4), 462–477. 10.1177/1468797615618100
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797615618100 [Google Scholar]
  46. Thomas, L. L.
    (2009) ‘Roots Run Deep Here’: The Construction of Black New Orleans in Post-Katrina Tourism Narratives. American Quarterly, 61(3), 749–768. 10.1353/aq.2009.a317259
    https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2009.a317259 [Google Scholar]
  47. Thompson, K. A.
    (2006) An Eye for the Tropics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 10.1215/9780822388562
    https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822388562 [Google Scholar]
  48. Thurlow, C., & Jaworski, A.
    (2017) Word–things and thing–words: the transmodal production of privilege and status. InJ. Cavanaugh & S. Shankar (Eds.), Language and Materiality: Ethnographic and theoretical explorations. (pp.185–203). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316848418.010
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316848418.010 [Google Scholar]
  49. TripAdvisor
  50. Trinch, S. & Snadjr, E.
    (2020) What the signs say: Language, gentrification, and place-making in Brooklyn. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv160btqs
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv160btqs [Google Scholar]
  51. U.S. Census Bureau
    U.S. Census Bureau (2019) American Community Survey, S1701 Poverty Status in the past 12 months, n.d., retrievedJuly 21fromhttps://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=puerto%20rico&t=Income%20and%20Poverty&g=0600000US7212779693&tid=ACSST5Y2019.S1701&hidePreview=true
  52. Warner, M.
    (2002) Publics and counterpublics. Public culture, 14(1), 49–90. 10.1215/08992363‑14‑1‑49
    https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-14-1-49 [Google Scholar]
  53. Wilf, E.
    (2011) Sincerity versus self-expression: modern creative agency and the materiality of semiotic forms. Cultural Anthropology26(3), 462–484. 10.1111/j.1548‑1360.2011.01107.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2011.01107.x [Google Scholar]
  54. (2014) Semiotic dimensions of creativity. Annual Review of Anthropology, 43(1), 397–412. 10.1146/annurev‑anthro‑102313‑030020
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030020 [Google Scholar]
  55. (2015) The ‘cool’ organization man: incorporating uncertainty from jazz music into the business world. InL. Samimian-Darash & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Modes of uncertainty: anthropological cases, (pp.29–45). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226257242.003.0003
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226257242.003.0003 [Google Scholar]
  56. Yao, X.
    (2023) Metrolingualism in online linguistic landscapes. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(2), 214–230. 10.1080/14790718.2021.1887197
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1887197 [Google Scholar]
  57. Zukin, S.
    (1998) “Urban lifestyles: diversity and standardisation in spaces of consumption.” Urban studies, 35(5–6), 825–839. 10.1080/0042098984574
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098984574 [Google Scholar]
  58. Zukin, S., Lindeman, S., & Hurson, L.
    (2017) The omnivore’s neighborhood? Online restaurant reviews, race, and gentrification. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), 459–479. 10.1177/1469540515611203
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515611203 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/ll.22037.cas
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/ll.22037.cas
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error