1887
Volume 1, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2589-2053
  • E-ISSN: 2589-207x
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This study investigated the occurrence of language-related episodes (LREs) in interactive tasks performed by pairs of Vietnamese English Foreign Language (EFL) learners and the extent to which linguistic knowledge targeted in these LREs was transferred to subsequent public performance (PP) of the same tasks in front of the class. Task performance data was collected from 24 pairs of learners from six intact grade 11 EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school as they carried out two interactive speaking tasks in consecutive weeks, first privately in pairs and then, within the same lesson, publically in front of the class. Teachers and learners were also interviewed. Results showed LREs to be frequent in task rehearsals. The majority of LREs were resolved correctly by the learners and led to more accurate use of the targeted linguistic items in subsequent public performance. The results and supporting interview data shows how, in this school, the practice of asking learners to repeat the performance of tasks in front of the class positively affected learner engagement and enriched the language learning opportunities available through interactive oral tasks.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ltyl.00004.new
2019-03-22
2024-12-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alegría de la Colina, A., & García Mayo, M. d. P.
    (2007) Attention to form across collaborative tasks by low-proficiency learners in an EFL setting. InM. P. García Mayo (Ed.), Investigating tasks in formal language learning (pp.91–116). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. (2009) Oral interaction in task-based EFL learning: The use of the L1 as a cognitive tool. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 47(3–4), 325–345. doi:  10.1515/iral.2009.014
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2009.014 [Google Scholar]
  3. Azkarai, A., & García Mayo, M. d. P.
    (2015) Task-modality and L1 use in EFL oral interaction. Language Teaching Research, 19(5), 550–571. doi:  10.1177/1362168814541717
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814541717 [Google Scholar]
  4. Butler, Y. G.
    (2011) The implementation of communicative and task-based language teaching in the Asia-Pacific region. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31, 36–57. doi:  10.1017/S0267190511000122
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190511000122 [Google Scholar]
  5. Bygate, M.
    (2001) Effects of task repetition on the structure and control of oral language. InM. Bygate, P. Skehan, & M. Swain (Eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks (pp.23–48). Harlow: Pearson Education.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. (2016) Sources, developments and directions of task-based language teaching. The Language Learning Journal, 44(4), 381–400. doi:  10.1080/09571736.2015.1039566
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2015.1039566 [Google Scholar]
  7. (Ed.) (2018) Learning language through task repetition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/tblt.11
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tblt.11 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bygate, M., & Samuda, V.
    (2005) Integrative planning through the use of task-repetition. InR. Ellis (Ed.), Planning and task performance in a second language (pp.37–74). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.11.05byg
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.11.05byg [Google Scholar]
  9. Carless, D. R.
    (2004) Issues in teachers’ reinterpretation of a task-based innovation in primary schools. TESOL Quarterly, 38(4), 639–662. doi:  10.2307/3588283
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3588283 [Google Scholar]
  10. (2007a) The suitability of task-based approaches for secondary schools: Perspectives from Hong Kong. System, 35, 595–608. doi:  10.1016/j.system.2007.09.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2007.09.003 [Google Scholar]
  11. (2007b) Student use of the mother tongue in the task-based classroom. ELT Journal, 62(4), 331–338. doi:  10.1093/elt/ccm090
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccm090 [Google Scholar]
  12. Ellis, R.
    (2005) Planning and task performance in a second language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.11
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.11 [Google Scholar]
  13. (2016) Focus on form: A critical review. Language Teaching Research, 20(3), 405–428. doi:  10.1177/1362168816628627
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816628627 [Google Scholar]
  14. Field, A.
    (2005) Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Foster, P., & Skehan, P.
    (2013) Anticipating a post-task activity: The effects on accuracy, complexity, and fluency of second language performance. Canadian Modern Language Review, 69(3), 249–273. doi:  10.3138/cmlr.69.3.249
    https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.69.3.249 [Google Scholar]
  16. García Mayo, M. P.
    (2017) Learning foreign languages in primary school: Research insights. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/GARCIA8101
    https://doi.org/10.21832/GARCIA8101 [Google Scholar]
  17. García Mayo, M. P., & Agirre, A. I.
    (2016) Task repetition and its impact on EFL children’s negotiation of meaning strategies and pair dynamics: An exploratory study. The Language Learning Journal, 44(4), 451–466. doi:  10.1080/09571736.2016.1185799
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2016.1185799 [Google Scholar]
  18. García, O., & Wei, L.
    (2014) Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism, and education. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan. 10.1057/9781137385765
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765 [Google Scholar]
  19. Hawkes, M. L.
    (2011) Using task repetition to direct learner attention and focus on form. ELT Journal, 66(3), 327–336. doi:  10.1093/elt/ccr059
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccr059 [Google Scholar]
  20. Hoang, V. V., Hoang, T. X. H., Vu, T. L., Dao, N. L., Do, T. M., & Nguyen, Q. T.
    (2007) English 12: Teacher’s book. Hanoi: Education Publishing House.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kim, Y.
    (2013) Promoting attention to form through task repetition in a Korean EFL context. InK. McDonough & A. Mackey (Eds.), Second language interaction in diverse educational contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.34.04ch1
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.34.04ch1 [Google Scholar]
  22. Kim, Y., & McDonough, K.
    (2008) The effect of interlocutor proficiency on the collaborative dialogue between Korean as a second language learners. Language Teaching Research, 12(2), 211–234. doi:  10.1177/1362168807086288
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168807086288 [Google Scholar]
  23. Le, V. C., & Barnard, G.
    (2009) Curricular innovation behind closed classroom doors: A Vietnamese case study. Prospect, 24(2), 20–33.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Leeser, M. J.
    (2004) Learner proficiency and focus on form in collaborative dialogue. Language Teaching Research, 8(1), 55–81. doi:  10.1191/1362168804lr134oa
    https://doi.org/10.1191/1362168804lr134oa [Google Scholar]
  25. Levelt, W.
    (1989) Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Littlewood, W.
    (2007) Communicative and task-based language teaching in East Asian classrooms. Language teaching, 40, 243–249. doi:  10.1017/S0261444807004363
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444807004363 [Google Scholar]
  27. Loewen, S.
    (2007) The prior and subsequent use of forms targeted in incidental focus on form. InS. Fotos & H. Nassaji (Eds.), Form-focused instruction and teacher education: Studies in honour of Rod Ellis (pp.101–116). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Long, M. H.
    (2007) Problems in SLA. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Mackey, A., Kanganas, A., & Oliver, R.
    (2007) Task familiarity and interactional feedback in child ESL classrooms. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 285–312. doi:  10.1002/j.1545‑7249.2007.tb00060.x
    https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00060.x [Google Scholar]
  30. McDonough, K., & Sunitham, W.
    (2009) Collaborative dialogue between Thai EFL learners during self-access computer activities. TESOL Quarterly, 43(2), 231–254. doi:  10.1002/j.1545‑7249.2009.tb00166.x
    https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00166.x [Google Scholar]
  31. MOET
    MOET (2010) Guide to implementation of standardized knowledge and skills: The English language subject for Vietnamese high school level. Hanoi: Education Publishing House.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nguyen, B. T. T., Newton, J., & Crabbe, D.
    (2015) Preparing for tasks in Vietnamese EFL high school classrooms: Teachers in action. InM. Thomas & H. Reinders (Eds.), Contemporary task-based language teaching in Asia (pp.170–188). London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. (2018) Teacher transformation of oral textbook tasks in Vietnamese EFL high school classrooms. InV. Samuda, K. Van den Branden, & M. Bygate (Eds.), TBLT as a researched pedagogy (pp.52–70). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/tblt.12.03ngu
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tblt.12.03ngu [Google Scholar]
  34. Nguyen, G. V.
    (2014) Forms or meaning? Teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding task-based language teaching: A Vietnamese case study. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 11(1), 1–36.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Nguyen, G. V., Le, V. C., & Barnard, R.
    (2015) ‘Old wine in new bottles’: Two case studies of task-based language teaching in Vietnam. InM. Thomas & H. Reinders (Eds.), Contemporary task-based language teaching in Asia (pp.170–188). London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Ortega, L.
    (2005) What do learners plan? Learner-driven attention to form during pre-task planning. InR. Ellis (Ed.), Planning and task performance in a second language (pp.78–209). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.11.07ort
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.11.07ort [Google Scholar]
  37. Pinter, A.
    (2005) Task repetition with 10-year old children. InC. Edwards & J. Willis (Eds.), Teachers exploring tasks in English language teaching (pp.113–126). New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan. 10.1057/9780230522961_11
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230522961_11 [Google Scholar]
  38. (2007) Some benefits of peer–peer interaction: 10-year-old children practising with a communication task. Language Teaching Research, 11(2), 189–207. doi:  10.1177/1362168807074604
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168807074604 [Google Scholar]
  39. (2017) Teaching young language learners. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Plonsky, L., & Oswald, F. L.
    (2014) How big is “big”? Interpreting effect sizes in L2 research. Language Learning, 64(4), 878–912. doi:  10.1111/lang.12079
    https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12079 [Google Scholar]
  41. Sample, E., & Michel, M.
    (2015) An exploratory study into trade-off effects of complexity, accuracy, and fluency on young learners’ oral task repetition. TESL Canada Journal, 31, 23. doi:  10.18806/tesl.v31i0.1185
    https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v31i0.1185 [Google Scholar]
  42. Samuda, V.
    (2001) Guiding relationships between form and meaning during task performance: The role of the teacher. InM. Bygate, P. Skehan, & M. Swain (Eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching and testing (pp.119–140). Harlow: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Skehan, P.
    (1996) A framework for the implementation of task-based instruction. Applied Linguistics, 17(1), 38–62. doi:  10.1093/applin/17.1.38
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/17.1.38 [Google Scholar]
  44. Skehan, P., & Foster, P.
    (1997) Task type and task processing conditions as influences on foreign language performance. Language Teaching Research, 1(3), 185–211. doi:  10.1177/136216889700100302
    https://doi.org/10.1177/136216889700100302 [Google Scholar]
  45. Storch, N.
    (2002) Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language Learning, 52(1), 119–158. doi:  10.1111/1467‑9922.00179
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00179 [Google Scholar]
  46. Storch, N., & Aldosari, A.
    (2010) Learners’ use of first language (Arabic) in pair work in an EFL class. Language Teaching Research, 14(4), 355–375. doi:  10.1177/1362168810375362
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168810375362 [Google Scholar]
  47. Storch, N., & Wigglesworth, G.
    (2010) Students’ engagement with feedback on writing: The role of learner agency/beliefs. InR. Batstone (Ed.), Sociocognitive perspectives on language use and language learning (pp.166–185). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Swain, M., & Lapkin, S.
    (2001) Focus on form through collaborative dialogue: Exploring task effects. InM. Bygate, P. Skehan, & M. Swain (Eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching and testing (pp.99–118). Harlow: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. (2008) Lexical learning through a multitask activity: The role of repetition. InT. W. Fortune & D. J. Tedick (Eds.), Pathways to multilingualism: Evolving perspectives on immersion education (pp.119–132). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847690371‑009
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847690371-009 [Google Scholar]
  50. Truong, T. A., & Storch, N.
    (2007) Investigating group planning in preparation for oral presentations in an EFL class in Vietnam. RELC Journal, 38(1), 104–124. doi:  10.1177/0033688206076162
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688206076162 [Google Scholar]
  51. Williams, J.
    (2001) The effectiveness of spontaneous attention to form. System, 29(3), 325–340. doi:  10.1016/S0346‑251X(01)00022‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(01)00022-7 [Google Scholar]
  52. Willis, J.
    (1996) A framework for task-based learning. Harlow: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/ltyl.00004.new
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/ltyl.00004.new
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error