1887
Volume 18, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2211-6834
  • E-ISSN: 2211-6842
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

In this paper we argue that verb clusters in Dutch varieties are merged and linearized in fully ascending (1-2-3) or fully descending (3-2-1) orders. We argue that verb clusters that deviate from these orders involve non-verbal material: adjectival participles, or nominal infinitives. As a result, our approach does not involve any unmotivated movements that are specific for verb clusters.

Support for our analysis comes from (i) the interpretation of verb clusters; (ii) the fact that order variation depends on the types of verbs involved, which can be explained by selectional requirements of the verbs; and (iii) the geographic co-occurrence patterns of various orders. First, the 1-3-2 and 3-1-2 orders are argued to be ascending orders with a non-verbal 3. Indeed these orders occur in grammars that have ascending, rather than descending, verb clusters. Secondly, the 1-3-2 order is argued to be an interrupted V1-V2 cluster with a non-verbal 3. Indeed, this order is most common in the region where non-verbal material can interrupt the verb cluster.

Our analysis of word order variation in verb clusters in terms of principles of grammar is further supported by an experiment in which we asked a large number of speakers distributed over the Dutch language area to rank all logically possible orders, including orders that are not common in their own variety of Dutch. The results demonstrate that speakers apply their syntactic knowledge to rank verb cluster orders that they do not use themselves. We argue that this knowledge cannot be due to familiarity with the various orders.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00008.bar
2018-07-13
2025-02-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Abels, Klaus
    2011 Hierarchy-order relations in the Germanic verb cluster and in the noun phrase. Groninger Arbeiten zur Germanistischen Linguistik53(2). 1–28.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anagnostopoulou, Elena
    2003 Participles and Voice. In A. Alexiadou , M. Rathert & A. von Stechow (eds.), Perfect explorations, 1–36. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110902358.1
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110902358.1 [Google Scholar]
  3. Augustinus, Liesbeth
    2015Complement Raising and Cluster Formation in Dutch. A Treebank-supported Investigation. PhD dissertation. KU Leuven.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bader, Markus & Tanja Schmid
    2009, Verb clusters in colloquial German. InJournal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics12. 175–228.10.1007/s10828‑009‑9032‑x
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-009-9032-x [Google Scholar]
  5. Bader, Markus , Tanja Schmid & Jana Häussler
    2009 Optionality in verb cluster formation. In Susanne Winkler & Sam Featherston (eds.), The fruits of empirical linguistics2. 37–58. Berlin: de Gruyter10.1515/9783110216158.37
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110216158.37 [Google Scholar]
  6. Baker, Mark , Kyle Johnson & Ian Roberts
    1989 Passive Arguments Raised. InLinguistic Inquiry20. 219–252.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Barbiers, Sjef
    2002 Review of Verbal Complexes. (Current studies in linguistics series; 34) by Hilda Koopman, Anna Szabolcsi. InJournal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics6(1). 53–79.10.1023/A:1022822911320
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022822911320 [Google Scholar]
  8. 2005 Word order variation in three-verb clusters and the division of labour between generative linguistics and sociolinguistics. In Leonie Cornips & Karen Corrigan (eds.), Syntax and Variation. Reconciling the Biological and the Social. (Vol.265. 233–264). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.10.1075/cilt.265.14bar
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.265.14bar [Google Scholar]
  9. Barbiers, Sjef , Hans J. Bennis , Gunther de Vogelaer , Magda Devos & Margreet H. van der Ham
    2005Syntactische atlas van de Nederlandse dialecten Deel I / Syntactic atlas of the Dutch dialects Volume I. [SAND-I]. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Barbiers, Sjef , Johan van der Auwera , Hans Bennis , Eefje J. Boef , Gunther De Vogelaer & Margreet H. van der Ham
    2008Syntactische atlas van de Nederlandse dialecten Deel II / Syntactic atlas of the Dutch dialects Volume II. [SAND-II] Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.10.5117/9789053567791
    https://doi.org/10.5117/9789053567791 [Google Scholar]
  11. Barbiers, Sjef
    2008 Microvariation in Syntactic Doubling. An Introduction. In Sjef Barbiers , Olaf Koeneman , Marika Lekakou & Margreet van der Ham (eds.), Microvariation in Syntactic Doubling36. 1–34. (Syntax and Semantics). Bingley: Emerald.10.1163/9781848550216_002
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9781848550216_002 [Google Scholar]
  12. 2008a Werkwoordclusters en de grammatica van de rechterperiferie. Nederlandse Taalkunde, 13(2). 160–187.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Barbiers, Sjef & Hans J. Bennis
    2010 De plaats van het werkwoord in zuid en noord. In Johan de Caluwe & Jacques van Keymeulen (eds.), Voor Magda. Artikelen voor Magda Devos bij haar afscheid van de Universiteit Gent. (25–42). Gent: Academia Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Bech, Gunnar
    1955Studien über das deutsche Verbum infinitum. Kopenhagen: Munksgaard
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Bennis, Hans J.
    1979 Appositie en de interne struktuur van de NP. InSpektator8, 209–228.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. 1990 TI: a note on modal passives . In Joan Mascaro & Marina Nespor (eds). Grammar in Progress, 33–40.10.1515/9783110867848.33
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110867848.33 [Google Scholar]
  17. 1991 Theoretische aspecten van partikelvooropplaatsing. TABU21, 89–95.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. 1992 Long head movement: The position of particles in the verbal cluster in Dutch. In Reineke Bok-Bennema & Roeland van Hout (eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands, 37–47. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Bennis, Hans J. & Pim Wehrmann
    1990 On the categorial status of present participles. In Reineke Bok-Bennema & Peter Coopmans (eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands, 1–11. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Besten, Hans den & Hans Broekhuis
    1989 Woordvolgorde in de werkwoordelijke eindreeks. GLOT12, 79–137.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Blom, Corrien
    2005Complex Predicates in Dutch. Diss. Amsterdam: LOT-series 111.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Booij, Geert E.
    2002 Constructional idioms, morphology and the Dutch lexicon. Journal of Germanic Linguistics14. 301–329.10.1017/S1470542702000168
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1470542702000168 [Google Scholar]
  23. Brandner, Ellen , Martin Salzmann & Gerhard Schaden
    2016 Zur Syntax und Semantik des doppelten Perfekts aus alemannischer Sicht. In Alexandra N. Lenz & Frans Patock (eds.), Syntaktische Variation: Areallinguistische Perspektiven, 13–46. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.10.14220/9783737004015.13
    https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737004015.13 [Google Scholar]
  24. Bresnan, Joan W.
    1982 The Passive in Lexical Theory. In Joan W. Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations, 3–86. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Chambers, Jack K. & Peter Trudgill
    1998Dialectology, second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511805103
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805103 [Google Scholar]
  26. Chomsky, Noam
    2001 Derivation by Phase. In Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language, 1–52. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Cinque, Guglielmo
    2001 “Restructuring” and functional structure. University of Venice Working Papers in LinguisticsVolume11. 45–127.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Coussé, Evie
    2008Motivaties voor volgordevariatie. Een diachrone studie van werkwoordvolgorde in het Nederlands. PhD dissertation. Ghent University.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Craenenbroeck, Jeroen van
    2017A quantitative analysis of syntactic microvariation. Word order in Dutch verb clusters. Unpublished manuscript, KU Leuven.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Dikken, Marcel den
    1995Particles: On the syntax of verb-particle, triadic, and causative constructions. New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Dros-Hendriks, Lotte
    . (2018). Not another book on verb raising (working title). PhD Dissertation. Leiden University. LOT Number 487.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Embick, David
    2004 On the Structure of Resultative Participles in English. InLinguistic Inquiry, 35(3). 355–392.10.1162/0024389041402634
    https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389041402634 [Google Scholar]
  33. Evers, Arnold
    1975The transformational cycle of Dutch and German, PhD Dissertation. University of Utrecht.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. 2003 Verbal clusters and cluster-creepers. In Pieter Seuren & Gerard Kempen (eds.): Verb constructions in German and Dutch, 43–89. Amsterdam: Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.242.03eve
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.242.03eve [Google Scholar]
  35. 2008 Vraag aan de Westgermaanse Dialectvergelijking. Nederlandse Taalkunde13(2). 188–192.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Grimshaw, Jane
    1990Argument Structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Haegeman, Liliane & Henk van Riemsdijk
    1986 Verb projection raising, scope, and the typology of rules affecting verbs. InLinguistic Inquiry, 17. 417–466.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Hinterhölzl, Roland
    2006Scrambling, remnant movement, and restructuring in West Germanic. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308211.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308211.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  39. Hoekstra, Teun , Monic Lansu & Marion Westerduin
    1987 Complexe verba. GLOT10. 661–710.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Kayne, Richard S.
    1994The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Koeneman, Olaf , Marika Lekakou & Sjef Barbiers
    2011 Perfect Doubling. Linguistic Variation, 11(1). 35–75.10.1075/lv.11.1.02koe
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.11.1.02koe [Google Scholar]
  42. Koopman, Hilda & Anna Szabolcsi
    2000Verbal complexes. Cambridge: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Kraak, Albert & Willem G. Klooster
    1968Syntaxis. Culemborg / Keulen: Stam-Kemperman.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Kratzer, Angelika
    1994 The event argument and the structure of verbs. Ms. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
  45. 2000 Building statives. InProceedings of the twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General session and parasession on aspect, 385–399.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Lieber, Rochelle
    1980On the organization of the lexicon. PhD dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Neeleman, Ad
    1994Complex predicates. Diss. Utrecht.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Neeleman, Ad & Fred Weerman
    1993 The balance between syntax and morphology: Dutch particles and resultatives. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory11. 433–47510.1007/BF00993166
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993166 [Google Scholar]
  49. Pauwels, Anita
    1953De plaats van hulpwerkwoord, verleden deelwoord en infinitief in de Nederlandse bijzin. Leuven: Symons.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Pesetsky, David
    1995Zero syntax. Experiencers and cascades. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Reinhart, Tanya & Tal Siloni
    2005 The lexicon-syntax parameter: Reflexivization and other arity operations. InLinguistic Inquiry, 36(3). 389–436.10.1162/0024389054396881
    https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389054396881 [Google Scholar]
  52. Riemsdijk, Henk van
    1982 A note on Case Absorption. Wiener Linguistische Gazette28–29. 72–83.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Salzmann, Martin
    2011 Resolving the movement paradox in Verb Projection Raising. In favor of base-generation and covert predicate raising. In Olivier Bonami & Patricia Cabredo Hofherr (eds.), Empirical Issues in Syntax and Semantics8, Paris: CSSP.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Salzmann, M.
    2013 New arguments for verb cluster formation at PF and a right-branching VP: Evidence from verb doubling and cluster penetrability. InLinguistic Variation13(1). 81–132.10.1075/lv.13.1.03sal
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.13.1.03sal [Google Scholar]
  55. Schmid, Tanja & Ralf Vogel
    2004 Dialectal variation in German 3-verb clusters. InJournal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics7. 235–274,10.1023/B:JCOM.0000016639.53619.94
    https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JCOM.0000016639.53619.94 [Google Scholar]
  56. Williams, Edwin
    2003Representation theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Wurmbrand, Susi
    2004 Syntactic vs. post-syntactic movement. Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Linguistic Association, 284–295.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. 2006 Verb clusters, verb raising, and restructuring. In Martin Everaert & Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, VolumeV, Article 75, 229–343. Oxford: Blackwell.10.1002/9780470996591.ch75
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch75 [Google Scholar]
  59. . 2015. Restructuring cross-linguistically. In Thuy Bui & Deniz Özyıldız eds. Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistics SocietyAnnual Meeting 45. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, GLSA. 227–240
    [Google Scholar]
  60. . 2017. Verb Clusters, Verb Raising and Restructuring. In Martin Everaert & Henk van Riemsdijk eds. The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second edition.John Wiley and Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom103
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom103 [Google Scholar]
  61. Zwart, Jan-Wouter
    1993Dutch syntax: A minimalist approach. PhD dissertation. University of Groningen.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. 1996 Verb clusters in Continental West Germanic dialects. In James Black & Virginia Motapanyane (eds.), Microparametric syntax and dialect variation, 229–258. Amsterdam: John Benjamins10.1075/cilt.139.12zwa
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.139.12zwa [Google Scholar]
  63. 2015 Top-down derivation, recursion, and the model of grammar. In Andres Trotzke & Josef Bayer (eds.), Syntactic complexity across interfaces. [3] (Interface Explorations; Vol.30). 25–42Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00008.bar
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00008.bar
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error