1887
Volume 21, Issue 2
  • ISSN 2211-6834
  • E-ISSN: 2211-6842

Abstract

Abstract

To date, there has been limited empirical research on complementizer agreement (CA). We investigate CA drawing on a corpus of 144 speakers from 13 locations across Austria that was elicited through computer supported language production experiments and recorded in conversations. We investigate the linguistic factors that govern the occurrence of CA, as well as its areal distribution. We further explore the role of CA in speakers’ linguistic repertoires. The study finds evidence for the hypothesis that the (non-)occurrence of CA is strongly dependent on the structure of its hosting C-elements and finds regional patterns. It also identifies CA as a phenomenon which speakers place in a non-standard register. We use the collected data to test a theory of the emergence of CA from clitic pronouns for Bavarian varieties of German.

Available under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00014.fin
2020-08-06
2024-12-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/lv.00014.fin.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00014.fin&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Altmann, Hans
    1984 Das System der enklitischen Personalpronomina in einer mittelbairischen Mundart. InZeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik51(2). 191–211.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bayer, Josef
    1984 Comp in Bavarian Syntax. InThe Linguistic Review3(3). 209–274. 10.1515/tlir.1984.3.3.209
    https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1984.3.3.209 [Google Scholar]
  3. 2015 Doubly-Filled Comp, wh Head-Movement and Derivational Economy. InMarc van Oostendorp and Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.), Representing structure in phonology and syntax. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. 7–39. 10.1515/9781501502224‑002
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502224-002 [Google Scholar]
  4. Bayer, Josef & Ellen Brandner
    2008 On Wh-Head-Movement and the Doubly-Filled-Comp Filter. InCharles B. Chang & Hannah J. Haynie (eds.), West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (26). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. 87–95.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bohn, Isabella & Helmut Weiß
    2016 Komplementiererflexion im Hessischen. InAugustin Speyer & Philipp Rauth (eds.). Syntax aus Saarbrücker Sicht I. Beiträge der SaRDiS-Tagung zur Dialektsyntax. Stuttgart: Steiner (Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik. Beihefte, 165). 159–186.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. 2017 Flektierte Konjunktion. InJürg Fleischer, Alexandra N. Lenz & Helmut Weiß (eds.). SyHD-Atlas. Marburg/Wien/Frankfurt am Main. 437–448.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bousquette, Joshua
    2014 Complementizer agreement in eastern Wisconsin. (Central) Franconian features in an American heritage language community. InSTUF – Language Typology and Universals67(4). 561–588. 10.1515/stuf‑2014‑0029
    https://doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2014-0029 [Google Scholar]
  8. Braune, Wilhelm, Heidermanns, Frank
    2018Althochdeutsche Grammatik I, 16th edn.Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110515114
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110515114 [Google Scholar]
  9. Breuer, Ludwig & Lars, Bülow
    2019 Experimental approaches in the realm of language variation – How Language Production Tests can help us to better understand language variation. In: Bülow, Lars / Herbert, Kristina / Fischer, Ann-Kathrin (Hg.): Dimensionen des sprachlichen Raums: Variation – Mehrsprachigkeit – Konzeptualisierung. (Schriften zur deutschen Sprache in Österreich, Bd. 45). Wien: Peter Lang, 251–269.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Diercks, Michael
    . Indirect agree in Lubukusu complementizer agreement. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory31, 357–407 (2013) 10.1007/s11049‑013‑9187‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-013-9187-7 [Google Scholar]
  11. Fuß, Eric
    2004 Diachronic Clues to Pro-Drop and Complementizer Agreement in Bavarian. InEric Fuß & Carola Trips (eds.): Diachronic Clues to Synchronic Grammar. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins (Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA) 72). 59–100. 10.1075/la.72.04fus
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.72.04fus [Google Scholar]
  12. 2014 Complementizer Agreement (in Bavarian). Feature Inheritance or Feature Insertion. InGünther Grewendorf & Helmut Weiß (eds.). Bavarian syntax. Contributions to the Theory of Syntax (Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA) 220). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins. 51–82. 10.1075/la.220.03fub
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.220.03fub [Google Scholar]
  13. Gruber, Bettina
    2008 Complementiser Agreement – New Evidence from the Upper Austrian Variant of Gmunden. MA Thesis. University of Vienna, Wien.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Haegeman, Liliane
    1992Theory and Description in Generative Syntax: A Case Study in West Flemish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Haeringen, C. B. van
    1939 Congruerende Voegwoorden. InTijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde58. 161–176.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hoekstra, Eric, and Caroline Smits
    1998 Everything you always Wanted to Know about Complementizer Agreement. InElly van Gelderen & Vida Samiian (eds.) Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Western Conference on Linguistics. Fresno, CA: Department of Linguistics, California State University, Fresno. 189–200.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Holthausen, Ferdinand
    1886Die Soester Mundart. Laut- und Formenlehre nebst Texten. Norden/Leipzig: Soltau.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Koppen, Marjo van
    2005 One probe, two goals: Aspects of Agreement in Dutch Dialects. PhD Dissertation. Universiteit Leiden, Leiden.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. 2017 Complementizer Agreement. InMartin Everaert & Henk C. van Riemsdijk (eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, 2nd edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. 923–962. 10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom061
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom061 [Google Scholar]
  20. Lenz, Alexandra N.
    2009 On the Perspectivization of a Recipient Role – Crosslinguistic Results from a Speech Production Experiment. InMarc Fryd (ed.), The Passive in Germanic Languages (Groninger Arbeiten zur germanistischen Linguistik 49). 125–144.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. 2016 On Eliciting Dialect-Syntactic Data. Comparing Direct and Indirect Methods. InAugustin Speyer & Philipp Rauth (eds.), Syntax aus Saarbrücker Sicht I. Beiträge der SaRDiS-Tagung zur Dialektsyntax (Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik. Beihefte, 165). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner. 187–219.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. 2018 The Special Research Programme „German in Austria. Variation – Contact – Perception“. InAmmon, Ulrich & Marcella Costa (eds.), Sprachwahl im Tourismus – mit Schwerpunkt Europa. Language Choice in Tourism – Focus on Europe. Choix de langues dans le tourisme – focus sur l’Europe (Yearbook Sociolinguistica 32). Berlin & Boston: de Gruyter. 269–277. 10.1515/soci‑2018‑0022
    https://doi.org/10.1515/soci-2018-0022 [Google Scholar]
  23. Lenz, Alexandra N., Ludwig Maximilian Breuer, Matthias Fingerhuth, Anja Wittibschlager & Melanie Seltmann
    2019 Exploring Syntactic Variation by Means of “Language Production Experiments”. Methods from and Analyses on German in Austria. InJournal of Linguistic Geography7/2, 63–81. 10.1017/jlg.2019.7
    https://doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2019.7 [Google Scholar]
  24. Lenz, Alexandra, Timo Ahlers & Martina Werner
    2014 Zur Dynamik bairischer Dialektsyntax – eine Pilotstudie. InZeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik81(1). 1–33.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Maurmann, Emil
    1898Die Grammatik der Mundart von Mühlheim a. d. Ruhr. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Münch, Ferdinand
    1904Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart. Bonn: Cohen.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mottausch, Karl-Heinz
    2009Historische Syntax des Südhessischen auf der Grundlage der Mundart von Lorsch (Schriftenreihe Philologia, Band 137). Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Newton, G.
    1990 Central Franconian. InCharles V. J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of Modern German. A Linguistic Survey. London: Routledge, 136–209.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Nübling, Damaris
    1992Klitika im Deutschen. Schriftsprache, Umgangssprache, alemannische Dialekte (ScriptOralia 42). Tübingen: Narr.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pfalz, Anton
    1918 Suffigierung der Pronomina im Donaubairischen. InBeiträge zur Kunde der bayerisch-österreichischen Mundarten I. Wien (Sitzungsberichte der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Phil.-hist. Klasse 190/2). 3–21.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Renn, Manfred & Werner König
    2006Kleiner bayerischer Sprachatlas. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Richter, Helmut
    1979 Personenmarkierte Einleitung von Nebensätzen in deutschen Mundarten und als umganssprachliches Randphänomen. InHarald Weydt (ed.), Die Partikeln der deutschen Sprache. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter. 528–539. 10.1515/9783110863574.528
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110863574.528 [Google Scholar]
  33. Rinas, Karsten
    2005 Die Flexion der Konjunktionen aus diachroner und pädolinguistischer Sicht. InSborník Prací Filozofické Fakulty Brnsborník prací filosofické fakulty Brněnské University10. 23–63.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. 2006 Zur Genese flektierender Konjunktionen. InSprachwissenschaft31(2). 113–157.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Schallert, Oliver Alexander Dröge & Jeffrey Pheiff
    2018Doubly-filled COMPs in Dutch and German. A Bottom-up Appraoch. Universities Munich and Marburg, Manuscript.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schiepek, Josef
    1899Der Satzbau der Egerländer Mundart. Vol.1. Prag: Verlag des Vereins für Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Vogelaer, Gunther de & Johan van der Auwera
    2010 When Typological Rara Generate Rarissima: Analogical Extension of Verbal Agreement in Durch Dialects. InJan Wohlgemuth & Michael Cysouw (ed.): Rara & rarissima. Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity, 47–73. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110228557.47
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110228557.47 [Google Scholar]
  38. Watanabe, Akira
    2000 Feature Copying and Binding: Evidence from Complementizer Agreement and Switch Reference. InSyntax3(3). 159–181. 10.1111/1467‑9612.00031
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9612.00031 [Google Scholar]
  39. Weise, Otto
    1907 Die sogenannte Flexion der Konjunktionen. InZeitschrift für Deutsche Mundarten2. 199–205.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Weiß, Helmut
    2005 Inflected Complementizers in Continental West Germanic Dialects. InZeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik72(2). 148–166.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. 2015 When the subject follows the object. On a curiosity in the syntax of personal pronouns in some German dialects. InJournal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics18(1). 65–92. 10.1007/s10828‑015‑9071‑4
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-015-9071-4 [Google Scholar]
  42. 2018 The Wackernagel Complex and Pronoun Raising. InAgnes Jäger, Gisella Ferraresi & Helmut Weiß (eds.), Clause structure and word order in the history of German. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford studies in diachronic and historical linguistics, 28). 132–154.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Weiß, Helmut & Thomas Strobel
    2018 Neuere Entwicklungen in der Dialektsyntax. InLinguistische Berichte253. 3–35.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Weiß, Helmut & Anna Volodina
    2018 Referential Null Subjects in German. Dialects and Diachronic Continuity. InFederica Cognola, Jan Casalicchio (eds.), Null subjects in generative grammar. A synchronic and diachronic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 261–284.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wiesinger, Peter
    1983 Die Einteilung der deutschen Dialekte. InWerner Besch, Ulrich Knoop, Wolfgang Putschke & Herbert Ernst Wiegand (eds.), Dialektologie. Ein Handbuch zur deutschen und allgemeinen Dialektforschung, vol. 2 (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft/Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 1.2) 807–900. 10.1515/9783110203332.807
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110203332.807 [Google Scholar]
  46. Zwart, Jan-Wouter
    1993 Clues from Dialect Syntax: Complementizer Agreement. InJosef Bayer & Werner Abraham (eds.), Dialektsyntax (Linguistische Berichte Sonderheft 5). Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. 246–270. 10.1007/978‑3‑322‑97032‑9_13
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97032-9_13 [Google Scholar]
  47. 1997Morphosyntax of verb movement: A minimalist approach to the syntax of Dutch. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑5880‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5880-0 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00014.fin
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.00014.fin
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error