1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Linguistic Variation
  4. Volume 18, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 18, Issue 2
  • ISSN 2211-6834
  • E-ISSN: 2211-6842
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

The object of study of this paper is a Romance construction characterized by the presence of the complementizer in root clauses and by an evidential or epistemic meaning (i.e. ). In these structures, the complementizer is preceded by a functional element that morphologically coincides with an adjective or an adverb. From a morphosyntactic viewpoint, we show that these structures are monoclausal and that the epistemic or evidential item preceding the complementizer has undergone a process of grammaticalization becoming a functional element. As for their use and interpretation, we describe their primary semantic meaning, as well as their pragmatic extensions and functions, which involve subjectification and intersubjectivity. We finally propose a syntactic configuration that can account for C-constructions and their properties in the syntax representation. This configuration involves the assumption of a projection – in fact, a set of projections – above ForceP which encode speaker-oriented and pragmatic features (e.g. evaluative, evidential, epistemic values).

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lv.16009.cru
2019-02-01
2023-09-29

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/lv.16009.cru
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Bianchi, Valentina & Mara Frascarelli
    2010 Is topic a root phenomenon?. Iberia2(1). 43.88.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bonami, Olivier & Danielle Godard
    2007 Quelle syntaxe, incidemment, pour les adverbes incidents?Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de ParisCII. 255–284. 10.2143/BSL.102.1.2028206
     https://doi.org/10.2143/BSL.102.1.2028206 [Google Scholar]
  3. Breitbath, Anne , Karen De Clercq & Liliane Haegeman
    (eds.) 2013 Polarity emphasis: distribution and locus of licensing (Special Issue of Lingua 128).
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Calaresu, Emilia
    2004 Testuali parole. La dimensione pragmatica e testuale del discorso riportato. Pavia: Franco Angeli.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1999 Adverbs and functional heads. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Colasanti, Valentina & Giuseppina Silvestri
    2019 Matrix complementizers in Italo-Romance. In Silvio Cruschina , Adam Ledgeway & Eva-Maria Remberger (eds.), Italian dialectology at the interfaces, 155–183. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.251.08col
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.251.08col [Google Scholar]
  7. Cornillie, Bert
    2009 Evidentiality and epistemic modality: On the close relationship between two different categories. Functions of Language16(1). 44–62. 10.1075/fol.16.1.04cor
     https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.16.1.04cor [Google Scholar]
  8. Corr, Alice
    2016 Ibero-Romance and the Syntax of the Utterance. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. CREA – Real Academia española: Banco de datos (CREA) [online]
    CREA – Real Academia española: Banco de datos (CREA) [online]. Corpus de referencia del español actual. www.rae.es (20December 2014).
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Cruschina, Silvio
    2011 Tra dire e pensare: Casi di grammaticalizzazione in italiano e in siciliano. La Lingua Italiana: Storia, Strutture, Testi7. 105–125.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 2015 The expression of evidentiality and epistemicity: Cases of grammaticalization in Italian and Sicilian. Probus27. 1–31. 10.1515/probus‑2013‑0006
     https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2013-0006 [Google Scholar]
  12. Cruschina, Silvio & Eva-Maria Remberger
    2008 Hearsay and reported speech: Evidentiality in Romance. Rivista di Grammatica Generativa33. 95–116.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. 2017 Before the complementizer: Adverb types and root clause modification. In: Martin Hummel & Salvador Valera (eds.), Adjective-adverb interfaces in Romance, 81–109. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.242.04cru
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.242.04cru [Google Scholar]
  14. Demonte, Violeta & Olga Fernández Soriano
    2014 Evidentiality and illocutionary force. Spanish matrix que at the syntax-pragmatics interface. In Andreas Dufter & Álvaro O. de Toledo (eds.), Left sentence peripheries in Spanish: Diachronic, variationist, and typological perspectives, 217–252. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Dendale, Patrick & Tasmowski, Liliane
    2001 Introduction: Evidentiality and related notions. Journal of Pragmatics33(3). 339–348. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(00)00005‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00005-9 [Google Scholar]
  16. Etxepare, Ricardo
    1997 The grammatical representation of speech events. PhD dissertation, Maryland.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 2008 On quotative constructions in Iberian Spanish. In Ritva Laury (ed.), Crosslinguistic studies of clause combining: The multifunctionality of conjunctions, 35–77. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/tsl.80.04etx
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.80.04etx [Google Scholar]
  18. 2010 From hearsay evidentiality to samesaying relations. Lingua120. 604–627. 10.1016/j.lingua.2008.07.009
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2008.07.009 [Google Scholar]
  19. Finegan, Edward
    1995 Subjectivity and subjectivisation: An introduction. In Dieter Stein and Susan Wright (eds.), Subjectivity and subjectivisation, 1–15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511554469.001
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511554469.001 [Google Scholar]
  20. Frascarelli, Mara & Roland Hinterhölzl
    2007 Types of topics in German and Italian. In Kerstin Schwabe & Susanne Winkler (eds.), On information structure, meaning and form, 87–116. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.100.07fra
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.100.07fra [Google Scholar]
  21. Garzonio, Jacopo & Poletto Cecilia
    2015 On polarity particles in Italian varieties. In Josef Bayer , Roland Hinterhölzl & Andreas Trotzke (eds.), Discourse-oriented syntax, 211–228. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.226.09gar
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.226.09gar [Google Scholar]
  22. Giorgi, Alessandra
    2010 About the speaker. Towards a syntax of indexicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. González, Montserrat
    2014 Evidentiality, intersubjectivity and salience in Spanish and Catalan markers claro/clar and la verdad/veritat . Intercultural Pragmatics11(3). 409–434. 10.1515/ip‑2014‑0019
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2014-0019 [Google Scholar]
  24. Grevisse, Maurice & André Goosse
    2008 Le bon usage (14th ed.). Brussels: De Boeck & Larcier.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier
    2001 Spanish exclamatives and the semantics of the left periphery. In Johan Rooryck , Yves de Hulst & Jan Schroten (eds.), Romance languages and linguistic theory 1999: Selected papers from ‘Going Romance’ 99 (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 221), 167–194. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cilt.221.07gut
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.221.07gut [Google Scholar]
  26. 2008 Spanish root exclamatives at the syntax/semantics Interface. Catalan Journal of Linguistics7. 117–133. 10.5565/rev/catjl.134
     https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.134 [Google Scholar]
  27. Haegeman, Liliane & Virginia Hill
    2013 The syntacticization of discourse. In Raffaella Folli , Christina Sevdali & Robert Truswell (eds.), Syntax and its limits, 370–390. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683239.003.0018
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683239.003.0018 [Google Scholar]
  28. Hernanz, Maria Lluïsa
    2007 From polarity to modality: Some (a)symmetries between bien and si in Spanish. In Luis Eguren & Olga Fernández Soriano (eds.), Coreference, modality, and focus: Studies on the syntax-semantics interface, 133–169. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 10.1075/la.111.08her
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.111.08her [Google Scholar]
  29. Hill, Virginia
    2007 Romanian adverbs and the pragmatic field. The Linguistic Review24. 61–86. 10.1515/TLR.2007.003
     https://doi.org/10.1515/TLR.2007.003 [Google Scholar]
  30. 2010 Main clause că ‘that’ in Romanian. Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics12(2). 5–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 2012 A main clause complementizer. In Lobke Aelbrecht , Liliane Haegeman & Rachel Nye (eds.), Main clause phenomena: New horizons, 279–296. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.190.12hill
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.190.12hill [Google Scholar]
  32. Hinterhölzl, Roland & Nicola Munaro
    2015 On the interpretation of modal particles in non-assertive speech acts in German and Bellunese. In Josef Bayer , Roland Hinterhölzl & Andreas Trotzke (eds.), Discourse-oriented syntax, 41–70. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.226.03hin
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.226.03hin [Google Scholar]
  33. Höhle, Tilman
    1992 Über Verum-Fokus im Deutschen. Linguistische Berichte Sonderheft4. 112–141.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Klein, Wolfgang
    1994 Time in language. London/New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Kocher, Anna
    2014 Claro que son adverbios: Análisis de un proceso de gramaticalización. MA thesis, University of Vienna.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. 2017 From verum to epistemic modality and evidentiality: On the emergence of the Spanish Adv+C construction. Journal of Historical Linguistics7(1/2). 77–110. 10.1075/jhl.7.1‑2.04koc
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.7.1-2.04koc [Google Scholar]
  37. Kratzer, Angelika
    1981 The notional category of modality. Hans J. Eikmeyer & Hannes Rieser , (eds.), Worlds, words, and contexts, 38–74. De Gruyter, Berlin. 10.1515/9783110842524‑004
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110842524-004 [Google Scholar]
  38. Krifka, Manfred
    2013 Response particles as propositional anaphors. Proceedings of SALT23. 1–18. 10.3765/salt.v23i0.2676
     https://doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2676 [Google Scholar]
  39. La Repubblica – Corpus
    La Repubblica – Corpus. sslmit.unibo.it/repubblica (31January 2015).
  40. López-Couso, María José & Belén Méndez-Naya
    2015 Epistemic/evidential markers of the type verb + complementizer. Some parallels from English and Romance. In Andrew D. M. Smith , Graeme Trousdale & Richard Waltereit (eds.), New directions in grammaticalization research, 93–120. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Lorenzetti, Luca
    2002 Sulla grammaticalizzazione di dice nell’italiano parlato. In Sabine Heinemann , Gerald Bernhard & Dieter Kattenbusch (eds.), Roma et Romania. Festschrift für Gerhard Ernst zum 65. Geburtstag, 211–221. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lyons, John
    1977 Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Michaelis, Laura
    2001 Exclamative constructions. In Martin Haspelmath , Ekkehard König , Wulf Oesterreicher & Wolfgang Raible (eds.), Language typology and language universals, 1038–1050. Berlin: De Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Molinier, Christian & Françoise Levrier
    2000 Grammaire des adverbs. Geneva: Droz.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Munaro, Nicola
    2019 On the syntactic encoding of lexical interjections in Italo-Romance. In Silvio Cruschina , Adam Ledgeway & Eva-Maria Remberger (eds.), Italian dialectology at the interfaces, 185–202. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.251.09mun
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.251.09mun [Google Scholar]
  46. NGLE – Real Academia Española
    NGLE – Real Academia Española 2009 Nueva gramática de la lengua española, 2Vols.Madrid: Espasa-Calpe.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Nuyts, Jan
    2001 Subjectivity as an evidential dimension in epistemic modal expressions. Journal of Pragmatics33(3). 383–400. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(00)00009‑6
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00009-6 [Google Scholar]
  48. Plungian, Vladimir Aleksandrovič
    2001 The place of evidentiality within the universal grammatical space. Studies in Language12(1). 349–357.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Poletto, Cecilia & Raffaella Zanuttini
    2013 Emphasis as reduplication: Evidence from sì che/no che sentences. Lingua128. 124–141. 10.1016/j.lingua.2012.10.016
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.10.016 [Google Scholar]
  50. Radford, Andrew
    2013 The complementiser system in spoken English: Evidence from broadcast media. In María Victoria Camacho Taboada , Ángel Jiménez-Fernández , Javier Martín-González & Mariano Reyes-Tejedor (eds.), Information structure and agreement, 11–54. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.197.01rad
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.197.01rad [Google Scholar]
  51. Reichenbach, Hans
    1947 Elements of symbolic logic. New York: MacMillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Rett, Jessica
    2011 Exclamatives, degrees, and speech acts. Linguistics and Philosophy34. 411–442. 10.1007/s10988‑011‑9103‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-011-9103-8 [Google Scholar]
  53. Rizzi, Luigi
    1997 The fine structure of the left periphery. In Liliane Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar, 281–337. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑5420‑8_7
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7 [Google Scholar]
  54. 2004 Locality and left periphery. In Adriana Belletti (ed.), Structures and beyond. The cartography of syntactic structures, volume3, 223–251. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Rodríguez-Espiñeira, María José
    2014 Emergencia e historia de la construcción es capaz que . In Maria Bargalló Escrivà , María del Pilar Garcés Gómez & Cecilio Garriga Escribano (eds.), Llaneza. Estudios ofrecidos a Juan Gutiérrez Cuadrado, 205–218. A Coruña: Anexo de la Revista de Lexicografía .
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Romero, Maribel & Chung-hye Han
    2004 On negative yes/no questions. Linguistics and Philosophy27(5). 609–658. 10.1023/B:LING.0000033850.15705.94
     https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LING.0000033850.15705.94 [Google Scholar]
  57. Rooth, Mats
    1992 A Theory of Focus Interpretation. Natural Language Semantics1. 75–116. 10.1007/BF02342617
     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02342617 [Google Scholar]
  58. Servidio, Emilio
    2014 Polarity particles in Italian: Focus, fragments, tags. Doctoral dissertation, University of Siena.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie & Karin Aijmer
    2007 The semantic field of modal certainty: A corpus-based study of English adverbs. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110198928
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110198928 [Google Scholar]
  60. Speas, Peggy & Carol L. Tenny
    2003 Configurational properties of point of view roles. In Anna Maria Di Sciullo (ed.), Asymmetry in grammar, 315–344. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.57.15spe
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.57.15spe [Google Scholar]
  61. Suñer, Avel·lina & Àngela Di Tullio
    2014 Bare adjectives as syncretic forms. Borealis3(1). 23–47. 10.7557/1.3.1.2751
     https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2751 [Google Scholar]
  62. Traugott, Elizabeth C.
    1995 Subjectification in grammaticalization. In Dieter Stein and Susan Wright (eds.), Subjectivity and subjectivisation, 31–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003 [Google Scholar]
  63. 1989 On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: An example of subjectification in semantic change. Language65. 31–55. 10.2307/414841
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414841 [Google Scholar]
  64. 2010 (Inter)subjectivity and (inter)subjectification: A reassessment. In Kristin Davidse , Lieven Vandelotte & Hubert Cuyckens (eds.), Subjectification, intersubjectification and grammaticalization, 29–71. Berlin: de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110226102.1.29
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110226102.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  65. van der Auwera, Johan & Plungian, Vladimir Aleksandrovič
    1998 Modality’s semantic map. Linguistic Typology2(1). 79–124. 10.1515/lity.1998.2.1.79
     https://doi.org/10.1515/lity.1998.2.1.79 [Google Scholar]
  66. Wiltschko, Martina
    2014 The universal structure of categories. Towards a formal typology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139833899
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139833899 [Google Scholar]
  67. Zanuttini, Raffaella & Paul Portner
    2003 Exclamative clauses: at the syntax-semantics interface. Language79(3). 39–81. 10.1353/lan.2003.0105
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0105 [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/lv.16009.cru
Loading
  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): adverbs; complementizer; emphasis; epistemic; evidential; intersubjectivity; left periphery; Romance; sentience domain; speech act phrase; subjectification

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error