1887
Volume 22, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2211-6834
  • E-ISSN: 2211-6842
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

According to Rizzi & Bocci’s (2017) suggested hierarchy of the left periphery, fronted foci (FOC) can never precede polarity complementizers (PolC); yet languages like Bulgarian and Macedonian appear to display precisely such an ordering configuration. On the basis of a cross-linguistic comparison of ten Slavic languages, I argue that in the Slavic subgroup the possibility of having a focus precede PolC is dependent on the morphological properties of the complementizer itself: in languages where the order FOC < PolC is acceptable, PolC is a complex morpheme derived through the incorporation of a lower functional head with a higher one. The order FOC < PolC is then derived by giving overt spell-out to the intermediate copy of PolC rather than to the topmost one. In turn, this option is linked to the possibility, recorded in all languages which allow for FOC < PolC, to also realize the morpheme expressing interrogative polarity as an enclitic particle attaching to fronted foci.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lv.19007.cal
2021-06-10
2024-10-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Abels, Klaus
    2012 The Italian left periphery: A view from locality. Linguistic Inquiry43(1). 229–254. 10.1162/LING_a_00084
    https://doi.org/10.1162/LING_a_00084 [Google Scholar]
  2. Bianchi, Valentina, Bocci, Giuliano & Silvio, Cruschina
    2016 Focus fronting, unexpectedness, and evaluative implicatures. Semantics and Pragmatics9(3). 10.3765/sp.9.3
    https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.9.3 [Google Scholar]
  3. Bickel, Balthazar
    1993 Belhare subordination and the theory of topic. Studies in clause linkage, 23–55.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Callegari, Elena
    2018 Understanding Word Order in the Left Periphery. University of Oslo. (Doctoral dissertation).
    [Google Scholar]
  5. 2021Focus Architecture in Manding Language. Handout, Incontro di Grammatica Generativa (IGG), Siena 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cardinaletti, Anna
    2008 On different types of clitic clusters. The Bantu-Romance Connection, 41–82. 10.1075/la.131.06car
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.131.06car [Google Scholar]
  7. Chomsky, Noam
    1970 Deep structure, surface structure, and semantic interpretation. InR. Jakobson & S. Kawamoto (eds.), Studies in General and Oriental Linguistics. Tokyo T.E.C. Corporation.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cruschina, Silvio
    2010 Syntactic extraposition and clitic resumption in Italian. Lingua120(1). 50–73. 10.1016/j.lingua.2009.04.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.04.002 [Google Scholar]
  9. 2016Licensing Focus Movement: Distributional and Interpretive Properties. Handout, 1st SynCart workshop, 11–15July 2016.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dukova-Zheleva, Galina
    2010 Questions and focus in Bulgarian. University of Ottawa. (Doctoral Dissertation).
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Englund Dimitrova, B.
    1977 Yes/no-questions in Bulgarian and Macedonian: form. Almqvist & Wiksell international. (Doctoral dissertation).
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Friedman, Victor. A.
    1993 Macedonian. InB. Comrie & G. C. Corbett (eds.), The Slavonic Languages. Routledge, London, pp. 249–305.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. 2018 Parallel Universes and Universal Parallels: Balkan Romani Evidential Strategies. Balkan Syntax and (Universal) Principles of Grammar285(37) 10.1515/9783110375930‑003
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110375930-003 [Google Scholar]
  14. Halliday, M. A. K.
    1967Intonation and grammar in British English. The Hague: Mouton. 10.1515/9783111357447
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111357447 [Google Scholar]
  15. Hansen, Björn, Letuchiy, Alexander & Izabela Błaszczyk
    2016 Complementizers in Slavonic (Russian, Polish, and Bulgarian). Complementizer Semantics in European Languages57 (175). 10.1515/9783110416619‑008
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110416619-008 [Google Scholar]
  16. Hauge, Kjetil. R.
    1999 The word order of predicate clitics in Bulgarian. Journal of Slavic linguistics7(1). 89–137.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hamblin, Charles L.
    1973 Questions in Montague English. Foundations of Language10. 41–53.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hladnik, Marko
    2010 Restrictive relative clauses in Slovene and its spoken varieties. Utrecht: Utrecht University. (Master’s thesis).
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Hock, Hans H.
    1992 What’s a nice word like you doing in a place like this? Syntax vs. phonological form. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences22(1). 39–87.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jackendoff, Ray. S.
    1972Semantic interpretation in generative grammar. Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Joseph, Brian D.
    1983The synchrony and diachrony of the Balkan infinitive: A study in areal, general and historical linguistics (Vol.1). Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kaspar, Jiri
    2017 Syncretism: A case study of the particle že in Czech. UCL (University College London). (Doctoral dissertation).
    [Google Scholar]
  23. King, Tracy H.
    1994 Focus in Russian yes-no questions. Journal of Slavic linguistics, 92–120.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Krapova, Iliyana
    2002 On the Left Periphery of the Bulgarian sentence. University of Venice Working Papers in Linguistics12. 107–128.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kochovska, Slavica
    2010Macedonian direct objects, clitics and the left periphery. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey-New Brunswick.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Legendre, Géraldine
    2000 Morphological and prosodic alignment of Bulgarian clitics. Optimality theory: Syntax, phonology, and acquisition, 423–462.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Izvorski, Roumyana
    1993 On wh-movement and focus movement in Bulgarian. Second Conference of the Student Organization of Linguistics in Europe (CONSOLE), University of Tübingen.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lindstedt, Jouko
    2010 Mood in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Mood in the languages of Europe, 409–421. 10.1075/slcs.120.23lin
    https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.120.23lin [Google Scholar]
  29. Mihaliček, Vedrana
    2012 Serbo-Croatian word order: A logical approach. The Ohio State University. (Doctoral dissertation).
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Nikov, M. D.
    1976 Leksiko-sintaktichna struktura na istinskite obshti vaprosi vav frenski i balgarski ezik, Byuletin za sapostavitelno izsledvane na balgarski ezik s drugi ezitsi3, 115–34.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Palmer, Frank. R.
    2001Mood and modality. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139167178
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167178 [Google Scholar]
  32. Radanovioć-Kocioć, Vesna
    1988 The grammar of Serbo-Croatian clitics: A synchronic and diachronic perspective. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois. (Doctoral dissertation).
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Richards, Norvin
    2010Uttering trees. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013765.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262013765.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  34. 2016Contiguity theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rivero, Marai L.
    2005 Topics in Bulgarian morphology and syntax: a minimalist perspective. Lingua115(8). 1083–1128. 10.1016/j.lingua.2004.02.006
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2004.02.006 [Google Scholar]
  36. Rizzi, Luigi & Giuliano Bocci
    2017 Left Periphery of the Clause: Primarily Illustrated for Italian. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, 1–30. 10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom104
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom104 [Google Scholar]
  37. Rizzi, Luigi
    1997 The fine structure of the left periphery. Elements of grammar: Handbook in generative syntax, ed. byLiliane Haegeman. 281–337. 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑5420‑8_7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7 [Google Scholar]
  38. 2001 On the position “Int(errogative)” in the left periphery of the clause. Current Studies in Italian syntax: Essays offered to Lorenzo Renzi, 287–296.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. 2004a Locality and left periphery. Structures and beyond. The cartography of syntactic structures3. 223–251.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. (Ed.) 2004bThe structure of CP and IP: The cartography of syntactic structures (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Roberts, Craige
    1996 Information structure in discourse: Towards an integrated formal theory of pragmatics. Working Papers in Linguistics-Ohio State University Department of Linguistics, 91–136.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Rooth, Mats
    1992 A theory of focus interpretation. Natural language semantics1(1). 75–116. 10.1007/BF02342617
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02342617 [Google Scholar]
  43. 1999 Association with focus or association with presupposition?InP. Bosch & R. van der Sandt (eds.), Focus: Linguistic, cognitive, and computational perspectives, 232–246.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Rudin, Catherine
    1983 DA and the category AUX in Bulgarian. Linguistic categories: Auxiliaries and related puzzles, 3–20. Springer, Dordrecht. 10.1007/978‑94‑009‑6989‑6_1
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6989-6_1 [Google Scholar]
  45. 1986 Aspects of Bulgarian syntax. Columbus: Slavica.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Rudin, Catherine, Kramer, Christine, Billings, Loren, & Matthew Baerman
    1999 Macedonian and Bulgarian li questions: Beyond syntax. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory17(3). 541–586. 10.1023/A:1006223423256
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006223423256 [Google Scholar]
  47. Schwabe, Kristine
    2004 The particle li and the left periphery of Slavic yes/no interrogatives. InH. Lohnstein & S. Trissler (eds.), The Syntax and Semantics of the Left Periphery. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110912111.385
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110912111.385 [Google Scholar]
  48. Selvelli, Giustina
    2015 Su alcuni aspetti ideologici dei sistemi di traslitterazione degli alfabeti cirillici nei Balcani. Studi SlavisticiXII. 159–180.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Shlonsky, Ur
    1988 Complementizer-cliticization in Hebrew and the empty category principle. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory6(2). 191–205. 10.1007/BF00134229
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00134229 [Google Scholar]
  50. Sočanac, Tomislav
    2011 Subjunctive in Serbian/Croation. Geneva Generative Papers 7, 49–70.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Szendrői, Kriszta
    2002 Stress-focus correspondence in Italian. Proceedings of Going Romance 2000, 287–305. 10.1075/cilt.232.16sze
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.232.16sze [Google Scholar]
  52. 2003 A stress-based approach to the syntax of Hungarian focus. The Linguistic Review20. 37–78. 10.1515/tlir.2003.002
    https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.2003.002 [Google Scholar]
  53. 2017 The syntax of information structure and the PF interface. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics2(1). 10.5334/gjgl.140
    https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.140 [Google Scholar]
  54. Tabakowska, Elzbieta
    1997 Conceptualization: Conditionals as an instance of figure/ground alignment. On conditionals again143. 10.1075/cilt.143.15tab
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.143.15tab [Google Scholar]
  55. Todorović, N. & Suzi Wurmbrand
    2017 Suzi. 2017. Finiteness across domains. InT. Radeva-Bork & P. Kosta (eds.), Current developments in Slavic Linguistics – Twenty years after, 47–66.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Toman, Jindřich
    1996 A note of clitics and prosody. InA. Hallpern & A. Zwicky (eds.), Approaching Second Position Clitics and Related Phenomena. Stanford: ASLI Publications. 505–510.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Tomić, Olga M.
    1996 The Balkan Slavic clausal clitics. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory14(4). 811–872. 10.1007/BF00133364
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00133364 [Google Scholar]
  58. Vakareliyska, Cynthia
    1994 Na-drop in Bulgarian. Journal of Slavic linguistics, 121–150.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Vrzić, Zvjezdana
    1996 Categorial status of the Serbo-Croatian “modal” da. InJ. TomanAnnual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The college Park Meeting 1994, 291–312. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Wurmbrand, Suzi
    2001Infinitives: Restructuring and clause structure. Berlin: Mouton.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. 2014 Restructuring across the world. Complex Visibles Out There. Proceedings of the Olomouc Linguistics Colloquium 2014. Olomouc, 275–94.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. 2015 Restructuring cross-linguistically. Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistics Society Annual Meeting 45. Amherst: GLSA, 227–40.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.19007.cal
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.19007.cal
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): complementizers; fronted foci; left periphery; polarity questions; slavic; word order
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error