1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Linguistic Variation
  4. Volume 22, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 22, Issue 2
  • ISSN 2211-6834
  • E-ISSN: 2211-6842
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

In this paper, we capture the crosslinguistic variation in Bantu nominal structure in a unified analysis of gender on (Kramer 20142015). We demonstrate that this analysis accounts for the morphosyntactic properties of basic nouns as well as locative and diminutive derivations. Moreover, it allows us to capture intra- and inter-language morphosyntactic variation by reference to just three parameters – one strictly morphological and two structural. The presence of one or two heads, and the size of the complement distinguish between different types of locatives (structural variation); the presence or absence of a spell-out rule of adjacent heads differentiates “stacking” versus “non-stacking” prefixes in diminutive and augmentative derivations (morphological variation only).

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lv.20007.fuc
2021-07-16
2023-03-30

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/lv.20007.fuc
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alexiadou, Artemis, Gianina Iordachioaia & Elena Soare
    2010 Number/aspect interactions in the syntax of nominalizations: A Distributed Morphology approach. Journal of Linguistics46. 537–574.   10.1017/S0022226710000058
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226710000058 [Google Scholar]
  2. Amidu, Assibi A.
    1997 Classes in Kiswahili. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Arad, Maya
    2003 Locality constraints on the interpretation of roots: the case of Hebrew denominal verbs. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory21. 737–778. 10.1023/A:1025533719905
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025533719905 [Google Scholar]
  4. 2005 Roots and patterns: Hebrew morpho-syntax. Dordrecht: Springer.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Armoskaite, Solveiga
    2014 Derivation by gender in Lithuanian. InIleana Paul (ed.), Cross-linguistic Investigations of Nominalization Patterns, 169–188. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.210.07arm
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.210.07arm [Google Scholar]
  6. Asiimwe, Allen
    2014 Definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University of South Africa dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bernstein, Judy
    1993 The syntactic role of word markers in null nominal constructions. Probus5. 5–38. 10.1515/prbs.1993.5.1‑2.5
     https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs.1993.5.1-2.5 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bobaljik, Jonathan D.
    2012 Universals in comparative morphology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9069.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9069.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  9. Botne, Robert & Andrew T. Kulumeka
    1995 A learner’s Chichewa and English dictionary. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Bresnan, Joan
    1991 Locative case vs. locative gender. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 53–68. 10.3765/bls.v17i0.1615
     https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v17i0.1615 [Google Scholar]
  11. Bresnan, Joan & Jonni M. Kanerva
    1989 Locative inversion in Chichewa – a case-study of factorization in grammar. Linguistic Inquiry20(1). 1–50.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Bresnan, Joan & Sam Mchombo
    1995 The lexical integrity principle: Evidence from Bantu. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory13. 181–254. 10.1007/BF00992782
     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992782 [Google Scholar]
  13. Buell, Leston C. & Merijn de Dreu
    2013 Subject raising in Zulu and the nature of PredP. The Linguistic Review30(3). 423–466. 10.1515/tlr‑2013‑0013
     https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2013-0013 [Google Scholar]
  14. Caha, Pavel & Marina Pantcheva
    2020 Locatives in Shona and Luganda. InJacopo Garzonio & Silvia Rossi (eds.), Variation in P. Comparative approaches to adpositional phrases, 19–55. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780190931247.003.0002
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931247.003.0002 [Google Scholar]
  15. Carstens, Vicki
    1991 The Morphology and Syntax of Determiner Phrases in Kiswahili. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. 1993 On nominal morphology and DP structure. InSam Mchombo (eds.), Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar, 151–180. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1997 Empty nouns in Bantu locatives. The Linguistic Review14. 361–410. 10.1515/tlir.1997.14.4.361
     https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1997.14.4.361 [Google Scholar]
  18. 2000 Concord in Minimalist theory. Linguistic Inquiry31(2). 319–355. 10.1162/002438900554370
     https://doi.org/10.1162/002438900554370 [Google Scholar]
  19. 2003 Rethinking complementizer agreement: Agree with a Case-checked goal. Linguistic Inquiry34(3). 393–412. 10.1162/002438903322247533
     https://doi.org/10.1162/002438903322247533 [Google Scholar]
  20. 2005 Agree and EPP in Bantu. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory23(2). 219–279. 10.1007/s11049‑004‑0996‑6
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-004-0996-6 [Google Scholar]
  21. 2008 DP in Bantu and Romance. InKatherine Demuth & Cécile de Cat (eds.), The Bantu-Romance Connection, 131–165. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.   10.1075/la.131.10car
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.131.10car [Google Scholar]
  22. 2010 Implications of grammatical gender for the theory of uninterpretable features. InMichael T. Putnam (ed.), Exploring Crash-Proof Grammars, 31–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lfab.3.03car
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lfab.3.03car [Google Scholar]
  23. 2011 Hyperactivity and hyperagreement in Bantu. Lingua121(5). 721–741. 10.1016/j.lingua.2010.11.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.11.001 [Google Scholar]
  24. Contini-Morava, Ellen
    1997 Noun classification in Swahili. InRobert K. Herbert (ed.), African Linguistics at the Crossroads, 599–623. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Corbett, Greville
    1991 Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139166119
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166119 [Google Scholar]
  26. 2006 Agreement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Creissels, Denis & Danièle Godard
    2005 The Tswana infinitive as a mixed category. The Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Department of Informatics, University of Lisbon, 70–90.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Déchaine, Rose-Marie, Raphaël Girard, Calisto Mudzingwa & Martina Wiltschko
    2014 The internal syntax of Shona class prefixes. Language Sciences43. 18–46.   10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.008
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.008 [Google Scholar]
  29. de Dreu, Merijn
    2008 The internal structure of the Zulu DP. Leiden: Leiden University MA thesis.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Denny, Peter & Chet Creider
    1976 The semantics of noun classes in Proto-Bantu. Studies in African Linguistics7. 1–30.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Devos, Maud
    2020 Plural number in Shangaji nominal morphology. InJenneke van der Wal, Heleen Smits, Sara Petrollino, Victoria Nyst & Maarten Kossmann (eds.), Essays on African languages and linguistics, in honour of Maarten Mous, 289–334. Leiden: ASCL.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Doke, Clement M.
    1973 Textbook of Zulu grammar, 6th edn. Johannesburg: Longmans.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Edelsten, Peter & Chiku Lijongwa
    2010 A grammatical sketch of Chindamba, a Bantu language (G52) of Tanzania. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Embick, David & Alec Marantz
    2008 Architecture and blocking. Linguistic Inquiry39. 1–53. 10.1162/ling.2008.39.1.1
     https://doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.39.1.1 [Google Scholar]
  35. Embick, David & Ralph Noyer
    2007 Distributed morphology and the syntax/morphology interface. InGillian Ramchand & Charles Reiss (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Interfaces, 289–324. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Ferrari, Franca
    2005 A syntactic analysis of the nominal systems of Italian and Luganda: how nouns can be formed in the syntax. New York: New York University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Ferrari-Bridgers, Franca
    2008 A unified syntactic analysis of Italian and Luganda nouns. InCécile de Cat & Katherine Demuth (eds.), The Bantu–Romance Connection, 239–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.131.13fer
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.131.13fer [Google Scholar]
  38. Fortune, George
    1985 Shona grammatical constructions. Harare: Mercury Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Gehrke, Berit & Marika Lekakou
    2013 How to miss your preposition. Studies in Greek Linguistics33. 92–106.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Gibson, Hannah
    2012 Auxiliary placement in Rangi: A Dynamic Syntax perspective. London: SOAS University of London dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Gibson, Hannah, Rozenn Guérois & Lutz Marten
    2017 Patterns and developments in the marking of diminutives in Bantu. Nordic Journal of African Studies26(4). 344–383.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Grégoire, Claire
    1975 Les locatifs en bantou. Tervuren: Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Guarisma, Gladys
    2000 Complexité morphologique, simplicité syntaxique. Le cas du Bafia, langue bantoue périphérique (A50) de l’ouest du Cameroun. Paris: Peeters.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Guérois, Rozenn
    2014 Locative inversion in Cuwabo. ZAS Papers in Linguistics57. 49–71. 10.21248/zaspil.57.2014.419
     https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.57.2014.419 [Google Scholar]
  45. 2015 A grammar of Cuwabo. Lyon: Université Lumière Lyon 2 dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Güldeman, Tom & Ines Fiedler
    2019 Niger-Congo “noun classes” conflate gender with deriflection. InFrancesca Di Garbo, Bruno Olsson & Bernhard Wälchli (eds.), Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity: Volume I: General issues and specific studies, 95–145. Berlin: Language Science Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Gunnink, Hilde
    2018 A grammar of Fwe. Ghent: Ghent University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Hadermann, Pascale
    1999 Les formes nomino-verbales de classes 5 et 15 dans les langues bantoues du Nord-Ouest. InJean-Marie Hombert & Larry Hyman (eds.), Bantu Historical Linguistics: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives, 431–471. Stanford: CSLI.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Halme, Riikka
    2004 A Tonal Grammar of Kwanyama. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Harley, Heidi & Elizabeth Ritter
    2002 Person and number in pronouns: A feature-geometric analysis. Language78(3): 482–526. 10.1353/lan.2002.0158
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0158 [Google Scholar]
  51. Hoch, Ernst
    . No date. A Bemba grammar with exercises. Chinsali, Zambia: Ilondola Language Centre.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Ioannidou, Alexandra & Marcel den Dikken
    2009 P-drop, D-drop, D-spread. InClaire Halpert, Jeremy Hartman & David Hill (eds.), Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop in Greek Syntax and Semantics, 393–408. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Iordachioaia, Gianina & Elena Soare
    2008 Two kinds of event plurals: Evidence from Romanian nominalizations. Empirical Issues in Syntax and Semantics7: 193–216.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Iorio, David
    2014 Subject and object marking in Bembe. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Julien, Marit
    2002 Syntactic heads and word formation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Kastner, Itamar & Beata Moskal
    (eds.) 2018 Snippets: Special issue on non-local contextual allomorphy.   10.7358/snip‑2018‑034‑intr
     https://doi.org/10.7358/snip-2018-034-intr [Google Scholar]
  57. Katamba, Francis
    2003 Bantu nominal morphology. InDerek Nurse & Gérard Philippson (eds.), The Bantu Languages, 103–120. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Kavari, Jekura & Lutz Marten
    2009 Multiple noun class prefixes in Otjiherero. InPeter Austin, Oliver Bond, Monik Charette, David Nathan & Peter Sells (eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Language Documentation and Linguistic Theory, 165–173. London: SOAS.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Kayne, Richard
    1994 The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Kihm, Alain
    2005 Noun class, gender, and the lexicon-syntax-morphology interfaces: A comparative study of Niger-Congo and Romance languages. InGuglielmo Cinque & Richard Kayne (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax, 459–512. Oxford: Oxford University Press.   10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195136517.013.0011
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195136517.013.0011 [Google Scholar]
  61. Kihore, Yared M., David P. B. Massamba & Yohana P. Msanjila
    2001 Sarufi maumbo ya Kiswahili Sanifu. Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. King’ei, Kitula
    2000 Problems of acceptability of standard Swahili forms by non-Kiunguja native Kiswahili speakers. InKulikoyela Kahigi, Yared M. Kihore & Maarten Mous (eds.), Lugha za Tanzania. Languages of Tanzania, 81–88. CNWS Publications, Universiteit Leiden.
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Kramer, Ruth
    2014 Gender in Amharic: a morphosyntactic approach to natural and grammatical gender. Language Sciences43. 102–115.   10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.004
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.004 [Google Scholar]
  64. 2015 The morphosyntax of gender. Oxford: Oxford University Press.   10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679935.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679935.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  65. 2017 General number nouns in Amharic lack NumP. InJason Ostrove, Ruth Kramer & Joseph Sabbagh (eds.), Asking the Right Question: Essays in Honor of Sandra Chung, 39–54. Santa Cruz: Linguistics Research Center.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Kuperus, Julianna & Antoinette Mpunga wa Ilunga
    1990 Locative markers in Luba. Tervuren: Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Lee, Soo-Hwan
    . in prep. Swahili DP-internal locatives.
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Lowenstamm, Jean
    2007 On little n, √, and types of nouns. InJutta Hartmann, Veronika Hegedus, and Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.), Sounds of Silence: Empty Elements in Syntax and Phonology, 105–144. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Marantz, Alec
    1996 “Cat” as a phrasal idiom: Consequeces of late insertion in Distributed Morphology. Ms. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
     [Google Scholar]
  70. 1997 No escape from syntax. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics4. 201–25.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. 2001 Words. Ms. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Marten, Lutz
    2010 The great siSwati locative shift. InAnne Breitbarth, Christopher Lucas, Sheila Watts & David Willis (eds.), Continuity and Change in Grammar, 249–267. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.   10.1075/la.159.12mar
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.159.12mar [Google Scholar]
  73. 2012 Agreement in locative phrases in Luganda. InMatthias Brenzinger & Anne-Maria Fehn (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th World Congress of African Linguistics, 433–443. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Meeussen, Achille E.
    1967 Bantu grammatical reconstruction’s. Africana LinguisticaIII: 79–121. 10.3406/aflin.1967.873
     https://doi.org/10.3406/aflin.1967.873 [Google Scholar]
  75. Meinhof, Carl
    1906 Grundzüge einer vergleichenden Grammatik der Bantusprachen. Berlin: Reimer.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Mletshe, Loyiso
    2017 Deverbal nominals derived from intransitive state verbs in isiXhosa: A generative lexicon approach. South African Journal of African Languages37(1). 29–39.   10.1080/02572117.2017.1316924
     https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2017.1316924 [Google Scholar]
  77. Moshi, Lioba
    1995 Locatives in Kivunjo-Chaga. InAkinbiyi Akinlabi (ed.), Theoretical Approaches to African Linguistics, 129–145. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Moskal, Beata
    2015 Limits on allomorphy: A case study in nominal suppletion. Linguistic Inquiry46(2). 363–375.   10.1162/LING_a_00185
     https://doi.org/10.1162/LING_a_00185 [Google Scholar]
  79. Moskal, Beata & Peter W. Smith
    2016 Towards a theory without adjacency: hyper-contextual VI-rules. Morphology26(3–4). 295–312.   10.1007/s11525‑015‑9275‑y
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-015-9275-y [Google Scholar]
  80. Msaka, Peter K.
    2019 Nominal classification in Bantu revisited: The perspective from Chichewa. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Mugane, John M.
    1997 Bantu nominalization structures. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Myers, Scott
    1987 Tone and the structure of words in Shona. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, Amherst dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Ndayiraije, Juvénal, Emmanuel Nikiema & Parth Bhatt
    2012 The augment in Kirundi: when syntax meets phonology. InMichael Marlo, Nikki Adams, Christopher Green, Michelle Morrison & Tristan Purvis (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 112–121. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Ngoboka, Jean P.
    2016 Locatives in Kinyarwanda. Durban: University of KwaZulu Natal dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Nurse, Derek & Gerard Philippson
    2003 Introduction. InDerek Nurse & Gerard Philippson (eds.), The Bantu languages, 1–12. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Picallo, Carme
    1991 Nominals and nominalizations in Catalan. Probus3(3). 279–316.   10.1515/prbs.1991.3.3.279
     https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs.1991.3.3.279 [Google Scholar]
  87. Poulos, George
    1990 A linguistic analysis of Venda. Pretoria: Via Afrika Limited.
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Pylkkänen, Liina
    2008 Introducing arguments. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262162548.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262162548.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  89. Ritter, Elizabeth
    1993 Where’s gender?Linguistic Inquiry24. 795–803.  10.2307/4178843
     https://doi.org/10.2307/4178843 [Google Scholar]
  90. Roberts, Ian
    2019 Parameter hierarchies & Universal Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780198804635.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804635.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  91. Schadeberg, Thilo C.
    2001 Number in Swahili grammar. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere68. 7–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Simango, Silvester R.
    2012 Subject marking, coordination and noun classes in ciNsenga. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies30(2). 171–183.   10.2989/16073614.2012.737595
     https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2012.737595 [Google Scholar]
  93. Spuy, Andrew van der
    2010 Generating Zulu noun class morphology. Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa41(2). 294–314. 10.1080/10228190903213787
     https://doi.org/10.1080/10228190903213787 [Google Scholar]
  94. 2014 The morphology of the Zulu locative. Transactions of the Philological Society112(1). 61–79.   10.1111/1467‑968X.12004
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968X.12004 [Google Scholar]
  95. Steriopolo, Olga
    2008 Form and function of expressive morphology: A case study of Russian. Vancouver: University of British Columbia dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  96. 2017 Nominalizing evaluative suffixes in Russian: The interaction of declension class, gender, and animacy. Jenom7: The 7th Workshop on Nominalizations. Université de Fribourg. 10.7557/6.4141
     https://doi.org/10.7557/6.4141 [Google Scholar]
  97. 2018 Morphosyntax of gender in Russian sex-differentiable nouns. Journal of Slavic Linguistics26(2). 307–335. 10.1353/jsl.2018.0010
     https://doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2018.0010 [Google Scholar]
  98. Svenonius, Peter
    2007 Adpositions, particles, and the arguments they introduce. InEric Reuland, Tanmoy Bhattacharya & Giorgos Spathas (eds.), Argument Structure, 63–103. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.108.08sve
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.108.08sve [Google Scholar]
  99. 2010 Spatial P in English. InGuglielmo Cinque & Luigi Rizzi (eds.), Mapping Spatial PPs, 127–160. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393675.003.0004
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393675.003.0004 [Google Scholar]
  100. Taraldsen, Knut T.
    2010 The nanosyntax of Nguni noun class prefixes and concords. Lingua, 120(6). 1522–1548.   10.1016/j.lingua.2009.10.004
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.10.004 [Google Scholar]
  101. Taraldsen, Knut T., Lucie Taraldsen Medová & David Langa
    2018 Class prefixes as classifiers in Southern Bantu. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory36. 1339–1394. 10.1007/s11049‑017‑9394‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-017-9394-8 [Google Scholar]
  102. Taylor, John R.
    1996 The syntax and semantics of locativised nouns in Zulu. InMartin Pütz & René Dirven (eds.), The Construal of Space in Language and Thought, 287–306. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110821611.287
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110821611.287 [Google Scholar]
  103. Terzi, Arhonto
    2010 On null spatial Ps and their arguments. Catalan Journal of Linguistics9. 167–187. 10.5565/rev/catjl.99
     https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.99 [Google Scholar]
  104. Valinande, Nzama
    1984 The structure of Kinande. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Visser, Marianna W.
    2008 Definiteness and specificity in the isiXhosa determiner phrase. South African Journal of African Languages (28)1. 11–29. 10.1080/02572117.2008.10587298
     https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2008.10587298 [Google Scholar]
  106. Wal, Jenneke van der
    2009 Word order and information structure in Makhuwa-Enahara. Utrecht: LOT.
     [Google Scholar]
  107. 2015 Bantu object clitics as defective goals. Revue Roumaine de LinguistiqueLX(2–3). 277–296.
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Wechsler, Stephen
    2009 Agreement features. Language and Linguistics Compass3(1). 384–405. 10.1111/j.1749‑818X.2008.00100.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00100.x [Google Scholar]
  109. Welmers, William E.
    1973 African Language Structures. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Wiltschko, Martina
    2006 Why should diminutives count?InHans Broekhuis, Norbert Corver, Riny Huijbregts, Ursula Kleinhenz & Jan Koster (eds.), Organizing Grammar. Linguistic Studies in Honor of Henk van Riemsdijk, 669–679. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Wiltschko, Martina & Olga Steriopolo
    2007 Parameters of variation in the syntax of diminutives. Proceedings of the 2007 Annual Conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, 1–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Zeller, Jochen
    . To appear. Locatives in Bantu. Oxford Guide to the Bantu Languages. Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/lv.20007.fuc
Loading
The locus of parametric variation in Bantu gender and nominal derivation
Linguistic Variation 22, 268 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.20007.fuc
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.20007.fuc
/content/journals/10.1075/lv.20007.fuc
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Bantu languages; comparative syntax; diminutives; grammatical gender; locatives; nominal derivation

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error