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Calculating a pattern’s competitive strength
Competition between /æ/ and /ʌ/ in irregular simple pasts and past participles in English
- Source: The Mental Lexicon, Volume 13, Issue 1, Jan 2018, p. 143 - 157
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- 10 Aug 2018
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Abstract
This article proposes a measure of the competitive strength of two rival patterns in the domain of a subgroup of irregular verbs in English. There is competition between simple pasts built on the vowels /æ/ and /ʌ/, and the same competition is found in the domain of past participles. As a result of such competition, the past tense stang (from sting) was replaced with stung. The /ʌ/ forms are more competitive than the /æ/ forms ( Bybee & Slobin 2007 , Bybee & Moder 2007 ). To understand this, we counted the number of types for /æ/ (such as sang, rang) and /ʌ/ (such as stung, stuck) in the irregular simple past and did the same in the irregular participle (such as sat, had and sung, done). We calculated a measure of competitiveness for these two patterns incorporating type frequency and token frequency. This measure was used to explain why /ʌ/ forms are more competitive than /æ/ forms.