1887
Volume 10, Issue 2
  • ISSN 2210-4070
  • E-ISSN: 2210-4097
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Given the centrality of metaphor in the (re)structuring of experience (Burns, 2005Loue, 2008Roffman, 2008) and of bodily experience to the notion of conceptual metaphor in cognitive theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003 [1980]Lakoff, 1993Gibbs, 2006), this paper investigates the ‘transformative power’ of metaphor in ‘talking cure’ practices – Counselling and Psychotherapy – to implement its application potential. An experimental integrated “metaphor-based and -driven” model is presented by adapting textual identification procedures (Steen, 1999Ferrari, 2007Pragglejaz, 2007) to an integrated psychological approach (Rogers, 2003 [1951]; Perls, 1951) in order to further develop metaphor transformation guidelines. The ‘M’ psycho-test had been created to evaluate the power of metaphor in counselling sessions in a diachronic perspective, providing both qualitative and quantitative data. Some preliminary cases (e.g. ‘the frog’, ‘eating’, ‘the hare’, ‘the desolated land’) are presented, with relative Transformational score, as examples of test application and metaphor potential. Test evidence has allowed for quantitative and qualitative observations. The evidence gathered shows: (1) Applying a metaphor-based experimental integrated approach can offer alternative for action in the practice; (2) Measuring the transformational power of metaphor through ‘M’ psycho-test can offer further degree of awareness for both counsellor and client.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/msw.00008.fer
2020-11-13
2023-09-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Bandler, R. & Grinder, J.
    (1975) The structure of magic. Santa Clara, California: Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barker, P.
    (1985) Using Metaphors in Psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Burns, G. W.
    (2005) 101 Stories for Kids and Teens. Using Metaphor in Therapy. Hoboken NJ: Wiley.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Erickson, M. H.
    (1952/1980) Deep hypnosis and its induction. In Ernest L. Rossi (ed) The Nature of Hypnosis and Suggestion (Collected Papers of Milton H. Erickson . Vol.1), (pp.139–167). New York: Irvington.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Fauconnier, G. & Turner, M.
    (1998) Conceptual Integration Networks. Cognitive Science, 22(2) 133–187. 10.1207/s15516709cog2202_1
    https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2202_1 [Google Scholar]
  6. (2002) The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending And The Mind’s Hidden Complexities. Publisher: Basic Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Ferendo, F. J.
    (2007) Integral Medicine: body, mind & emotions. In Ferendo, F. (ed.) Holistic Perspectives & Integral Theory. On seeing what is. (pp.105–112) Westerly, Rhode Island: Process Publishing Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Ferrari, F.
    (2007) Metaphor at Work in the Analysis of Political Discourse. Investigating a ‘preventive war’ persuasion strategy. Discourse & Society18(5): 603–625. 10.1177/0957926507079737
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926507079737 [Google Scholar]
  9. (2013) Non solo Metafore. (De)costruzione della strategia persuasiva di G. W. Bush Jr.Padova: libreriauniversitaria.it edizioni.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. (2018) Metaphor and Persuasion in Strategic Communication: Sustainable Perspectives. New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315188461
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315188461 [Google Scholar]
  11. (2020) Assessing the (un)explored potential of Metaphor at the crossroads between static and dynamic instances. In Huang, M. & Holmgreen, L. (eds). The Language of Crisis: Metaphors, Frames and Discourses. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/dapsac.87.07fer
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.87.07fer [Google Scholar]
  12. Fine, H. J , Pollio H. R. & Simkinson C. H.
    (1973) “Figurative language, metaphor and psychotherapy.” Psychotherapy: Research and Practice10: 87–91. 10.1037/h0087552
    https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087552 [Google Scholar]
  13. Forceville, C.
    (2008) Metaphors in Pictures and Multimodal Representations. In Gibbs, R. W. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, (pp.462–482.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511816802.028
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816802.028 [Google Scholar]
  14. Gallese, V. & Lakoff, G.
    (2005) The Brain’s Concepts: The Role of the Sensory-Motor System in Conceptual Knowledge. Cognitive Neuropsychology21 (4): 455–479. 10.1080/02643290442000310
    https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290442000310 [Google Scholar]
  15. Gibbs, R. W.
    (2006) Embodiment and Cognitive Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gonçalves, O. F. & Craine, M. H.
    (1990) The Use of Metaphors in Cognitive Therapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly4(2): 135–149. 10.1891/0889‑8391.4.2.135
    https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.4.2.135 [Google Scholar]
  17. Gore, N. S.
    (1977) “Psychological functions of metaphors.” Dissertation Abstracts International38: 2861–13. (University Microfilms No.77–26, 248)
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gordon, D.
    (1978) Therapeutic metaphors. Cupertino: Meta Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Haley, J.
    (1987) Problem-Solving Therapy. New York: Harper & Row.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hayes, J.
    (2011) Moving the metaphor: An act of surrender. Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy6(2): 117–127. 10.1080/17432979.2011.557891
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2011.557891 [Google Scholar]
  21. Kopp, R. R.
    (1995) Metaphor therapy. Using Client-Generated Metaphors in Psychotherapy. Bristol (PA): Brunnel/Mazel (Taylor & Francis Group).
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kopp, R. R. & Craw, M. J.
    (1998) Metaphoric language, metaphoric cognition, and cognitive therapy. Psychotherapy35(3): 306–311. 10.1037/h0087795
    https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087795 [Google Scholar]
  23. Lakoff, G.
    (1987) Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. Chicago: Chicago University Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  24. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M.
    (2003 [1980]) Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226470993.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470993.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  25. Lakoff, G.
    (1993) The contemporary theory of metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.) Metaphor and Thought (2nd edition), (pp.202–251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139173865.013
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173865.013 [Google Scholar]
  26. (1997) How Unconscious Metaphorical Thought Shapes Dreams. In Stein, D. J. (ed.) Cognitive Science and the Unconscious. (pp.89–120). Washington, D.C/ London, England: American Psychiatric Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. (2008) The Neural Theory of Metaphor. In Gibbs, R. W. (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, (pp.17–38). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511816802.003
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816802.003 [Google Scholar]
  28. Lankton, S. R. & Lankton, C. H.
    (1983) The answer within: A clinical framework of Ericksonian hypnotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Long, P. S. & Lepper, G.
    (2008) Metaphor in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A comparative study of four cases by a practitioner-researcher. British Journal of Psychotherapy24(3): 343–364. 10.1111/j.1752‑0118.2008.00090.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.2008.00090.x [Google Scholar]
  30. Loue, S.
    (2008) The Transformative Power of Metaphor in Therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Mathieson, L. C. , Hoskins, M. L.
    (2005) Metaphors of change in the context of eating disorders: Bridging understandings with girls’ perceptions. Canadian Journal of Counselling39(4): 260–274.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Martin, J. , A. L. Cummings & Hallberg, E. T.
    (1992) “Therapists' intentional use of metaphor: Memorability, clinical impact, and possible epistemic/motivational functions.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology60: 143–145. 10.1037/0022‑006X.60.1.143
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.60.1.143 [Google Scholar]
  33. Perls, F. , Hefferline, R. , & Goodman, P.
    (1951) Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality. New York: Julian Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Perls, F. S.
    (1969 [1947]) Ego, Hunger and Aggression. New York: Random House.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Perls, F. S. , Hefferkine, R. & Goodman, P.
    (1973) The Gestalt Approach & Eye Witness to Therapy. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Pragglejaz Group
    Pragglejaz Group (2007) “MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse. Metaphor and Symbol22(1), 1–39. 10.1080/10926480709336752
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10926480709336752 [Google Scholar]
  37. Rasmussen, B. & Angus, L.
    (1996) Metaphor in psychodynamic psychotherapy with borderline and non-borderline clients: A qualitative analysis. Psychotherapy33(4): 521–530. 10.1037/0033‑3204.33.4.521
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.33.4.521 [Google Scholar]
  38. Reider, N.
    (1972) Metaphor as Interpretation. Journal of Psychoanalysis53. 463–469.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Reynolds, F.
    (1996) Working with movement as a metaphor: Understanding the therapeutic impact of physical exercise from a gestalt perspective. Counselling Psychology Quarterly9(4): 383–390. 10.1080/09515079608258716
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09515079608258716 [Google Scholar]
  40. Roffman, A. E.
    (2008) Men are Grass. Bateson, Erickson, Utilization and Metaphor. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis50(3): 247–257. 10.1080/00029157.2008.10401627
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2008.10401627 [Google Scholar]
  41. Rogers, C.
    (2003 [1951]) Client-centered Therapy. London: Constable.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Semino, E. , Demjén, Z. & Demmen, J.
    (2018) An integrated approach to metaphor and framing in cognition, discourse, and practice, with an application to metaphors for cancer. Applied Linguistics39(5): 625–645.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Spence, D. P.
    (1993) The metaphorical nature of psychoanalytic theory. In Berman, E. (ed.) Essential Papers on Literature and Psychoanalysis. (pp.102–115). New York: New York University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Steen, G. J.
    (1999) From linguistic to conceptual metaphor in five steps. In Gibbs, R. W. & Steen, G. (eds.) Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, (pp.55–77). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cilt.175.05ste
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175.05ste [Google Scholar]
  45. Schoeneman, T. J. , Putnam, J. , Rasmussen, I. , Sparr, N. & Beechem, J.
    (2012) A Fire in the blood: Metaphors of Bipolar Disorder in Jamison’s An Unquiet Mind. Journal of Medical Humanities33(3): 185–205. 10.1007/s10912‑012‑9177‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-012-9177-5 [Google Scholar]
  46. Spence, D. P.
    (1993) The Metaphorical Nature of Psychoanalytic Theory. In Berman, E. (eds). Essential Papers on Literature and Psychoanalysis, (pp.102–115). New York: New York University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Stott, R. , Mansell, W. , Salkovskis, P. , Lavender, A. & Cartwright-Hatton, S.
    (2010) Oxford Guide to Metaphors in CBT: Building Cognitive Bridges. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/med:psych/9780199207497.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199207497.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  48. Strong, T.
    (1989) Metaphors and client change in counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling12: 203–213. 10.1007/BF00120585
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120585 [Google Scholar]
  49. Tay, D.
    (2012) Applying the Notion of Metaphor Types to Enhance Counseling Protocols. Journal of Counseling and Development. 90(2): 142–149. 10.1111/j.1556‑6676.2012.00019.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00019.x [Google Scholar]
  50. (2013) Metaphor in psychotherapy: A descriptive and prescriptive analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/milcc.1
    https://doi.org/10.1075/milcc.1 [Google Scholar]
  51. Thompson, K.
    (2012) Multi-agency information practices in children’s services: the metaphorical ‘jigsaw’ and professionals quest for a ‘full’ picture. Child & Family Social Work. 18(2): 189–197. 10.1111/j.1365‑2206.2011.00821.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00821.x [Google Scholar]
  52. Torneke, N.
    (2017) Metaphor in the Practice. Oakland (CA): Context Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Ullman, M.
    (1969) “Dreaming as Metaphor in Motion.” Arch Gen Psychiat21: 697–703. 10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740240056007
    https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740240056007 [Google Scholar]
  54. Voth, H. M.
    (1970) The Analysis of Metaphor. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association18(3): 59–621. 10.1177/000306517001800304
    https://doi.org/10.1177/000306517001800304 [Google Scholar]
  55. Young, J. S. & L. D. Borders
    (1998) The impact of metaphor on clinical hypothesis formation and perceived supervisory characteristics. Counselor Education and Supervision37(4): 238–256. 10.1002/j.1556‑6978.1998.tb00548.x
    https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.1998.tb00548.x [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/msw.00008.fer
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/msw.00008.fer
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error