1887
Volume 10, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2210-4070
  • E-ISSN: 2210-4097
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This study analyzes five political cartoons published in the (Taiwan Daily Newspaper) depicting the Musha Uprising, an indigenous rebellion against Japanese colonial rule that occurred in Taiwan in 1930. The study has produced two important findings and theoretical implications. First, two of the political cartoons deployed The Great Chain of Being multimodal metaphor, and the artist’s conceptual blending of Japanese kabuki stories with the Musha Uprising dramatically portrayed the colonizers as humans and the colonized as animals. We analyze the social and historical context to explain why these cartoons used the boar as a metaphor representing the indigenous people. Second, our results reveal paradoxical and ambivalent perspectives in the cartoons. On one hand, the metaphor of Human vs. Animal reproduced the unequal hierarchical relations between the colonizers and the colonized. On the other hand, the cartoonist also portrayed the rulers in a critical and satirical way. Finally, the research relates the content of this analysis with the post-colonial theorizing of Edward Said. In sum, the study makes a contribution to interdisciplinary research by applying metaphor theory to the analysis of political cartoons and colonial discourse, as well as revealing the hierarchical colonial thinking and racial prejudice lurking behind the metaphors.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/msw.19009.sai
2020-05-01
2024-10-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Adas, M.
    (1989) Machines as the measure of men, science, technology ideologies of Western dominance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. (1997) A field matures: Technology, science, and Western colonialism. Technology and Culture, 38(2), 478–487. 10.2307/3107133
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3107133 [Google Scholar]
  3. Bergen, B.
    (2003) To awaken a sleeping giant: Cognition and culture in September 11 political cartoons. InM. Achard & S. Kemmer (Eds.) Language, culture, and mind (pp.23–36). Stanford, CA: CSLI publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bounegru, L., & Forceville, C.
    (2011) Metaphors in editorial cartoons representing the global financial crisis. Visual Communication, 10(2), 209–229. 10.1177/1470357211398446
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357211398446 [Google Scholar]
  5. Chiu, R.
    (1990) Wushe shihjian [The Musha Uprising]. Taipei: Shihbao Wenhua Chuban.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chiu, S., & Chiang, W.
    (2012) Representations of the name rectification movement of Taiwan indigenous people: through whose historical lens?Language and Linguistics, 13(3), 523–568.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cienki, A., & Müller, C.
    (Eds.) (2008) Metaphor and gesture. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/gs.3
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gs.3 [Google Scholar]
  8. Coëgnarts, M.
    (2017) Cinema and the embodied mind: metaphor and simulation in understanding meaning in films. Palgrave Communications. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms201767. 10.1057/palcomms.2017.67
    https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2017.67 [Google Scholar]
  9. Coulson, S.
    (2002) What’s so funny: Conceptual blending in humorous examples. Retrieved fromwww.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~coulson/funstuff/funny.html
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Deignan, A.
    (2007) “Image” metaphors and connotations in everyday language. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 5(1), 173–192. 10.1075/arcl.5.08dei
    https://doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.08dei [Google Scholar]
  11. Ebihara, K. & Hayashi
    (1931) Musha tobatsu shashincho [Musha Uprising photobook]. Taipei: Kyoshin Shokai.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. El Refaie, E.
    (2009) Metaphor in political cartoons: Exploring audience responses. InC. Forceville & E. Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Multimodal metaphor (pp.173–96). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. (2014) Reconsidering “image metaphors” in the light of perceptual simulation theory. Metaphor and Symbol, 30(1), 63–76. 10.1080/10926488.2014.948799
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2014.948799 [Google Scholar]
  14. Evans, V., & Green, M.
    (2006) Cognitive linguistics: An introduction. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Fauconnier, G. & Turner, M.
    (2003) The way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Forceville, C.
    (2009) Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: Agendas for research. InC. Forceville & E. Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Multimodal metaphor (pp.19–42). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. (2012) Creativity in pictorial and multimodal advertising metaphors. InR. H. Jones (Ed.), Discourse and creativity (pp.113–132). Harlow: Pearson.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Forceville, C., & Urios-Aparisi, E.
    (Eds.) (2009) Multimodal metaphor. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110215366
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110215366 [Google Scholar]
  19. Gibbs, R. W., Jr.
    (1994) The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. (1999) Speaking and thinking with metonymy. InK. Panther & G. Radden (Eds.), Metonymy in language and thought (pp.61–76). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/hcp.4.04gib
    https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.4.04gib [Google Scholar]
  21. (2017) Metaphor wars: Conceptual metaphors in human life. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781107762350
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107762350 [Google Scholar]
  22. Grady, J.
    (1997) Foundation of meaning: Primary metaphors and primary scenes (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley, CA.
  23. (1999) A typology of motivation for conceptual metaphors: Correlations vs. resemblance. InR. Gibbs & G. Steen (Eds.), Metaphor in cognitive linguistics (pp.79–100). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cilt.175.06gra
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175.06gra [Google Scholar]
  24. (2005) Primary metaphors as inputs to conceptual integration. Journal of Pragmatics, 37(10), 1595–1614. 10.1016/j.pragma.2004.03.012
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2004.03.012 [Google Scholar]
  25. Grady, J., Oakley, T., & Coulson, S.
    (1999) Blending and metaphor. InR. W. Gibbs & G. Steen (Eds.), Metaphor in cognitive linguistics (pp.101–124). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cilt.175.07gra
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175.07gra [Google Scholar]
  26. Holland, D., & Quinn, N.
    (1987) Cultural models in language and thought. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511607660
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511607660 [Google Scholar]
  27. Kövecses, Z.
    (2002) Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. (2015) Where metaphors come from: Reconsidering context in metaphor. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190224868.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190224868.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  29. Lakoff, G.
    (1996) Moral politics: What conservatives know that liberals don’t. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M.
    (1980) Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Lakoff, G., & Turner, M.
    (1989) More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  32. Lin, Y., & Chiang, W.
    (2015) Multimodal fusion in analyzing political cartoons: Debates on U.S. beef imports into Taiwan. Metaphor and Symbol, 30(2), 137–161. 10.1080/10926488.2015.1016859
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2015.1016859 [Google Scholar]
  33. Mittelberg, I.
    (2018) Gestures as image schemas and force gestalts: A dynamic systems approach augmented with motion-capture data analyses. Cognitive Semiotics, 11(1). Retreived fromhttps://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/cogsem.2018.11.issue-1/cogsem-2018-0002/cogsem-2018-0002.pdf. 10.1515/cogsem‑2018‑0002
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cogsem-2018-0002 [Google Scholar]
  34. Mori, U.
    (1917) Taiwan banzokushi [An ethnography of the Taiwan aborigines]. Taipei: Rinji Taiwan kyukan chosakai.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Nabeshima, K.
    (2016) Metafā to shintaisei [Metaphor and embodiment]. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Nakamura, H.
    (1988) Bukkyo dobutsu sansaku [Animals in Buddhism]. Tokyo: Tokyo Shoseki.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Orwell, G.
    (1936) Shooting an elephant. Adelaide: eBooks@Adelaide. Retreived fromhttps://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79s/
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Oshika, T.
    (1936) Yabanjin [The savage]. Tokyo: Sorin Shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Pérez-Sobrino, P.
    (2017) Multimodal metaphor and metonymy in advertising. Amsterdam; John Benjamins. 10.1075/ftl.2
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ftl.2 [Google Scholar]
  40. Roy, D.
    (2003) Taiwan: A political history. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Said, E.
    (1978) Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. (1993) Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Sakano, N.
    (2012) Nihon tochika no Taiwan: Fushimanga de yomitoku [Taiwan under Japanese rule: Understand by caricature]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Shakespeare, W.
    (1610/2008) The tempest. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Shinohara, K., & Matsunaka, Y.
    (2009) Pictorial metaphors of emotion in Japanese comics. InC. Forceville & E. Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Multimodal metaphor (pp.265–293). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Tai, K.
    (Ed.) (1981) Taiwan musha hoki jiken; Kenkyu to shiryo [Musha Uprising in Taiwan; Research and data]. Tokyo: Syakai Shisosya.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Taiwan Nichinichi Shinposha
    Taiwan Nichinichi Shinposha. Taiwan Nichinichi Shinpo [Taiwan Daily Newspaper]. Taipei: Taiwan Nichinichi Shinposha.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Taiwan Sotokufu Keimukyoku
    Taiwan Sotokufu Keimukyoku (1930) Shinbunshi wo toshite mitaru mushajiken [Musha Uprising described in newspaper]. Taipei: Keimukyoku hoanka toshogakari.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Taiwan Sotokufu Keimukyoku
    Taiwan Sotokufu Keimukyoku (1935) Taiwan bankai tenbo [Outlook of Indigenous People]. Taipei: Rihannotomo Hakkosho.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Takeuchi, S.
    (1935) Kokushigajyo yamatozakura [Collection of Japanese historical paintings]. Tokyo: Seibunsha.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Taniguchi, K.
    (2003) Ninchiimiron no shintenkai; metafā to metonimī [Development of cognitive semantics; Metaphor and metonymy]. Tokyo: Kenkyusha.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Tierney, R. T.
    (2010) Tropics of savagery: The culture of Japanese empire in comparative frame. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 10.1525/california/9780520265783.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520265783.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  53. Wang, T.
    (2015) Taiwan falyu shihshangde yuanjhuminzu: Zuowei teshude rencyun diyu yu fawenhua [Indigenous peoples in the legal history of Taiwan: Being a special ethnic group, territory and legal culture]. NTU Law Journal, 44(4), 1639–1704.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Wu, M.
    (2010) Musha jiken kenkyu no kadai [Future issues for studies of the Musha Uprising]. Nihon Taiwan Gakkaihou, 12, 21–28.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Yamanashi, M.
    (1988) Hiyu to rikai [Metaphor and understanding]. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Yu, N., Yu, L., & Lee, Y.
    (2017) Primary metaphors: Importance as size and weight in a comparative perspective. Metaphor and Symbol, 32(4), 231–249. 10.1080/10926488.2017.1384276
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2017.1384276 [Google Scholar]
  57. Zbikowski, L. M.
    (2009) Music, language, and multimodal metaphor. InC. Forceville & E. Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Multimodal metaphor (pp.359–381). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/msw.19009.sai
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/msw.19009.sai
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error