1887
Volume 28, Issue 1
  • ISSN 0929-0907
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9943
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Unlike most areas involving taboo, where language-internal innovations tend to dominate, homosexuality is characterized by a basic international vocabulary shared across multiple languages, notably English, French, Italian, Spanish and German. Historically, the lexis of nonnormative gender identity has shared space with that of sexual orientation. This lexicon includes (inexhaustively) the following series of internationalisms: . This common terminology has resulted from language contact in a broad sense, and more specifically from lexical borrowing (loanwords). Several framing devices are expressed through the lexicon: religious censure, distancing in time and space, othering, medicalization or pathologizing, but also in recent decades LGBTQ self-assertion and demands for equality. Rather than necessarily being subject to taboo, then, queerness represents a pragmatically marked semantic field in which the lexicon is highly dependent upon social factors and the communicative context.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/pc.00022.vec
2022-03-16
2024-10-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Allan, Keith & Kate Burridge
    2006Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511617881
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617881 [Google Scholar]
  2. Anzaldúa, Gloria
    1990 To(o) queer the writer – Loca, escritora y chicana. InAnaLouise Keating (ed.), The Gloria Anzaldúa reader, 163–175. Durham (NC): Duke University Press 2009.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beachy, Robert
    2010 The German invention of homosexuality. Journal of Modern History82(4). 801–838. 10.1086/656077
    https://doi.org/10.1086/656077 [Google Scholar]
  4. 2014Gay Berlin: Birthplace of a modern identity. New York: Knopf.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Benjamin, Harry
    1953 Transvestism and transsexualism. International Journal of Sexology7(1). 12–14.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. 1954 Transsexualism and transvestism as psycho-somatic and somato-psychic syndromes. American Journal of Psychotherapy8(2). 219–230. 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1954.8.2.219
    https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1954.8.2.219 [Google Scholar]
  7. Benkert, Karl-Maria
    [attributed] 1869Das Gemeinschädliche des §143 des Preussischen Strafgesetzbuches vom 14. April 1851 und daher seine nothwendige Tilgung als §152 im Entwurfe eines Strafgesetzbuches für den Norddeutschen Bund. Leipzig: Serbe.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Blank, Andreas
    1997Prinzipien des lexikalischen Bedeutungswandels am Beispiel der romanischen Sprachen. Tübingen: Niemeyer. 10.1515/9783110931600
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110931600 [Google Scholar]
  9. Bonnet, Marie-Jo
    1981Un choix sans équivoque. Recherches historiques sur les relations amoureuses entre les femmes, XVIe-XXe siècle. Paris: Denoël.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Boswell, John
    1980Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: Gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bourcier, M.-H.
    2011Queer Zones 3. Identités, cultures et politiques. Paris: Éditions Amsterdam.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Braunschneider, Theresa
    1999 The macroclitoride, the tribade and the woman: Configuring gender and sexuality in English anatomical discourse. Textual Practice13(3). 509–532. 10.1080/09502369908582353
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09502369908582353 [Google Scholar]
  13. Broussais, François-Joseph-Victor
    1839De l’irritation et de la folie, vol.1, 2nd edn.byCasimir Broussais. Paris: Baillière.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Butters, Ronald
    1998 Cary Grant and the emergence of gay “homosexual”. Dictionaries19(1). 188–204. 10.1353/dic.1998.0017
    https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.1998.0017 [Google Scholar]
  15. Casas Gómez, Miguel
    2009 Towards a new approach to the linguistic definition of euphemism. Language Sciences31. 725–739. 10.1016/j.langsci.2009.05.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2009.05.001 [Google Scholar]
  16. 2012 The expressive creativity of euphemism and dysphemism. Lexis: E-Journal in English Lexicology7. 43–64. 10.4000/lexis.349
    https://doi.org/10.4000/lexis.349 [Google Scholar]
  17. Casper, Johann
    1858Practisches Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medicin. Biologischer Theil. Berlin: Hirschwald.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Cauldwell, David
    1949 Psychopathia transexualis. Sexology: Sex Science Magazine16(5). 274–280.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Charcot, Jean-Martin & Valentin Magnan
    1882 Inversion du sens génital. Archives de Neurologie3(7). 53–60and4(12). 296–322.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Chauncey, George
    1994Gay New York: Gender, urban culture, and the making of the gay male world, 1890–1940. New York: Basic Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Chevalier, Julien
    1891 De l’inversion sexuelle aux points de vue clinique, anthropologique et médico-légal. Part 2. Archives d’Anthropologie Criminelle6. 49–69.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Chiffoleau, Jacques
    1990 Dire l’indicible. Remarques sur la catégorie du nefandum du XIIe au XVe siècle. Annales: Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations45(2). 289–324. 10.3406/ahess.1990.278838
    https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1990.278838 [Google Scholar]
  23. 1996Contra naturam. Pour une approche casuistique et procédurale de la nature médiévale. Micrologus4. 265–312.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Clave
    Clave 2012 = Diccionario Clave. Diccionario de uso del español actual. Paris: SM/Ophrys.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Courouve, Claude
    1985Vocabulaire de l’homosexualité masculine. Paris: Payot. Updated PDF version: Dictionnaire français de l’homosexualité masculine. N.p.: In Libro Veritas 2013.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. De Lauretis, Teresa
    1991 Queer Theory: Lesbian and gay sexualities. An introduction. Differences3(2). iii–xviii.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Derks, Paul
    1990Die Schande der heiligen Päderastie. Homosexualität und Öffentlichkeit in der deutschen Literatur, 1750–1850. Berlin: Rosa Winkel.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Donoghue, Emma
    1993Passions between women: British lesbian culture, 1668–1801. London: Scarlet Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Dubarry, Armand
    1896Les invertis. Le vice allemand. Paris: Chamuel.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Duden
    Duden 2011 = Deutsches Universalwörterbuch, 7th edn. Mannheim: Duden.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Ellis, Havelock
    1915Sexual inversion, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Davis.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Eribon, Didier
    (ed.) 2003Dictionnaire des cultures gays et lesbiennes. Paris: Larousse.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Féray, Jean-Claude
    2004Grecques, les mœurs du hanneton? Histoire du mot pédérastie et de ses dérivés en langue française. Paris: Quintes-Feuilles.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Haggerty, George
    (ed.) 2000Gay histories and cultures: An encyclopedia. New York: Garland.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Heine, Matthias
    2014 Sind sie LGBTI? Oder eine sexuelle Zwischenstufe?Welt. 18June. www.welt.de/kultur/article129201953/Sind-sie-LGBTI-Oder-eine-sexuelle-Zwischenstufe.html
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Hennig, Jean-Luc
    2014Espadons, mignons et autres monstres. Vocabulaire de l’homosexualité masculine sous l’Ancien Régime. Paris: Cherche Midi.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Herzer, Manfred
    1987 Ein Brief von Kertbeny in Hannover an Ulrichs in Würzburg. Capri: Zeitschrift für schwule Geschichte1(1). 25–35.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. 2000Karl Maria Kertbeny: Schriften zur Homosexualitätsforschung. Berlin: Rosa Winkel.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Hirschfeld, Magnus
    1903 Ursachen und Wesen des Uranismus. Jahrbuch für Sexuelle Zwischenstufen5(1). 1–193.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. 1904 Das Ergebnis der statistischen Untersuchungen über den Prozentsatz der Homosexuellen. Jahrbuch für Sexuelle Zwischenstufen6. 109–178.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. 1910Die Transvestiten. Eine Untersuchung über den erotischen Verkleidungstrieb. Berlin: Pulvermacher.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. 1923 Die intersexuelle Konstitution. Jahrbuch für Sexuelle Zwischenstufen23. 3–27.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Jordan, Mark
    1997The invention of sodomy in Christian theology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Katz, Jonathan Ned
    2007 [1995]The invention of heterosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226307626.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226307626.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  45. Kennedy, Hubert
    2002Karl Heinrich Ulrichs: Pioneer of the modern gay movement. San Francisco: Peremptory Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Krafft-Ebing, Richard von
    1886Psychopathia Sexualis. Leipzig: Enke.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. 1896 Ueber Unzucht mit Kindern und Pädophilia erotica. Friedreich’s Blätter für Gerichtliche Medicin und Sanitätspolizei47. 261–283.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Legman, Gershon
    1941 The language of homosexuality: An American glossary. InGeorge Henry, Sex variants: A study of homosexual patterns, 1st edn., vol.2, 1149–1179 (Appendix VII). New York: Hoeber.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. LEI = Pfister, Max & Wolfgang Schweickard
    (eds.) 1979–Lessico etimologico italiano. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur/Wiesbaden: Reichert.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Lo Vecchio, Nicholas
    2018 Review of Shana Poplack, Borrowing (2018). Revue de Linguistique Romane82. 521–525.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. 2020Dictionnaire historique du lexique de l’homosexualité. Transferts linguistiques et culturels entre français, italien, espagnol, anglais et allemand. Strasbourg: ELiPhi.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. 2021 Updating the OED on the historical LGBTQ lexicon. Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America42(1). 95–164. 10.1353/dic.2021.0003
    https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2021.0003 [Google Scholar]
  53. . Forthcoming. Revisiting berdache: Notes on a translinguistic lexical creation. American Speech. 10.1215/00031283‑9616142
    https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-9616142 [Google Scholar]
  54. Martineau, Louis
    1884Leçons sur les déformations vulvaires et anales produites par la masturbation, le saphisme, la défloration et la sodomie. Paris: Delahaye/Lecrosnier.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Masson, Michel
    2015Barda, bardache et bredindin. La “base” BRD dans les langues romanes. La Linguistique51(1). 41–88. 10.3917/ling.511.0041
    https://doi.org/10.3917/ling.511.0041 [Google Scholar]
  56. Matzner, Sebastian
    2010 From uranians to homosexuals: Philhellenism, Greek homoeroticism and gay emancipation in Germany, 1835–1915. Classical Receptions2(1). 60–91.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. 2015 Of that I know many examples…: On the relationship of Greek theory and Roman practices in Karl Heinrich Ulrichs’s writings on the third sex. InJennifer Ingleheart (ed.), Ancient Rome and the construction of modern homosexual identities, 93–108. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689729.003.0005
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689729.003.0005 [Google Scholar]
  58. McEnery, Tony & Helen Baker
    2017 The public representation of homosexual men in seventeenth-century England: A corpus-based view. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics3(2). 197–217. 10.1515/jhsl‑2017‑1003
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2017-1003 [Google Scholar]
  59. McFarlane, Cameron
    1997The sodomite in fiction and satire, 1660–1750. New York: Columbia University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Meyer, Joseph
    1843Das große Conversations-Lexicon, vol.4. Hildburghausen: Bibliographisches Institut.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Meyerowitz, Joanne
    2002How sex changed: A history of transsexuality in the United States. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Moll, Albert
    1893Les perversions de l’instinct génital. Étude sur l’inversion sexuelle, trans. from the German byFlorentin Pactet and Romain Romme. Paris: Carré.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Motschenbacher, Heiko
    2021 Language and sexuality studies today: Why “homosexual” is a bad word and why “queer linguist” is not an identity. Journal of Language and Sexuality10(1). 25–36. 10.1075/jls.00011.mot
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.00011.mot [Google Scholar]
  64. Mutel, D.-Ph.
    1843Éléments d’hygiène militaire. Paris: Forton, Masson.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Nossem, Eva
    2019Queer, frocia, femminiellə, ricchione et al.: Localizing “queer” in the Italian context. Gender/Sexuality/Italy6. www.gendersexualityitaly.com/1-queer-frocia-femminiellə-ricchione-et-al-localizing-queer-in-the-italian-context/
    [Google Scholar]
  66. OED = Oxford English Dictionary
    OED = Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd edn., online. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2021.
  67. Öhmann, Emil
    1974 Der romanische Einfluß auf das Deutsche bis zum Ausgang des Mittelalters. InFriedrich Maurer & Heinz Rupp (eds.), Deutsche Wortgeschichte, vol.1, 321–396. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110841916.323
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110841916.323 [Google Scholar]
  68. Olsen, Glenn
    2011Of sodomites, effeminates, hermaphrodites, and androgynes: Sodomy in the age of Peter Damian. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Park, Katharine
    1997 The rediscovery of the clitoris: French medicine and the tribade, 1570–1620. InDavid Hillman & Carla Mazzio (eds.), The body in parts: Fantasies of corporeality in early modern Europe, 171–193. New York/London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Petit Robert
    Petit Robert 2018 = Alain Rey & Josette Rey-Debove (eds.). Le Petit Robert (2019 edn.). Paris: Robert.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Puff, Helmut
    2003Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400–1600. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. 2004 Nature on trial: Acts “against nature” in the law courts of early modern Germany and Switzerland. InLorraine Daston & Fernando Vidal (eds.), The moral authority of nature, 232–253. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Rodríguez-González, Félix
    2008Diccionario gay-lésbico. Vocabulario general y argot de la homosexualidad. Madrid: Gredos.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Schachter, Marc
    2015 Lesbian philology in early print commentaries on Juvenal and Martial. InJennifer Ingleheart (ed.), Ancient Rome and the construction of modern homosexual identities, 39–55. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689729.003.0002
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689729.003.0002 [Google Scholar]
  75. 2017 Alcuni anelli mancanti del discorso lesbico: i primi commenti a stampa sopra Giovenale. InUmberto Grassi, Vincenzo Lagioia & Gian Paolo Romagnani (eds.), Tribadi, sodomiti, invertite e invertiti, pederasti, femminelle, ermafroditi… Per una storia dell’omosessualità, della bisessualità e delle trasgressioni di genere in Italia, 29–40. Pisa: ETS.
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Simes, Gary
    1996 “Gay’s the word”: A history of gay in dictionary form. InGarry Wotherspoon (ed.), Gay and lesbian perspectives III: Essays in Australian culture, 303–347. Sydney: University of Sydney.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Skinner, Jody
    1999Bezeichnungen für das Homosexuelle im Deutschen, vol.2. Essen: Blaue Eule.
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Tamassia, Arrigo
    1878 Sull’inversione dell’istinto sessuale. Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria e di Medicina Legale4. 97–117.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. 1881 Sull’inversione dell’istinto sessuale. Rassegna. Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria e di Medicina Legale7(4). 285–291.
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Thibault, André & Nicholas Lo Vecchio
    2020 Language contact and the lexicon of Romance languages. The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.462
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.462 [Google Scholar]
  81. Thomas, Wesley & Sue-Ellen Jacobs
    1999 “…And we are still here”: From berdache to Two-Spirit people.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal23(2). 91–107. 10.17953/aicr.23.2.k5255571240t5650
    https://doi.org/10.17953/aicr.23.2.k5255571240t5650 [Google Scholar]
  82. Tin, Louis-Georges
    (ed.) 2003Dictionnaire de l’homophobie. Paris: PUF.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. TLF = Imbs, Paul & Bernard Quemada
    (eds.) 1971–1994Trésor de la langue française. Paris: CNRS. ATILF-CNRS/Université de Lorraine, atilf.atilf.fr
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Traub, Valerie
    2002The renaissance of lesbianism in early modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Turton, Stephen
    2020 The confessional sciences: Scientific lexicography and sexology in the Oxford English Dictionary. Language & History63(3). 214–232. 10.1080/17597536.2020.1755204
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2020.1755204 [Google Scholar]
  86. Ullman, Sharon
    1995 “The twentieth century way”: Female impersonation and sexual practice in turn-of-the-century America. Journal of the History of Sexuality5(4). 573–600.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich
    [signed Numa Numantius] 1864–1865Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe, 5vols. Leipzig: Selbstverlag/Matthes.
    [Google Scholar]
  88. 1899 [1862] Vier Briefe. Jahrbuch für Sexuelle Zwischenstufen1. 36–70.
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Walter, Tilmann
    2012 Der Sexualwortschatz im Frühneuhochdeutschen. InJochen Bär & Marcus Müller (eds.), Geschichte der Sprache – Sprache der Geschichte. Probleme und Perspektiven der historischen Sprachwissenschaft des Deutschen, 239–304. Berlin: Akademie. 10.1515/9783050058245‑010
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050058245-010 [Google Scholar]
  90. Warner, Michael
    (ed.) 1993 Introduction. InFear of a queer planet: Queer politics and social theory, vii–xxxi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 10.1136/tc.2.suppl1.S54
    https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2.suppl1.S54 [Google Scholar]
  91. Westphal, Carl
    1869 Die conträre Sexualempfindung. Symptom eines neuropathischen (psychopathischen) Zustandes. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten2(1). 73–108. 10.1007/BF01796143
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01796143 [Google Scholar]
  92. Wiesnerová, Vendula
    2012 LGBTQ activism and the appropriation of Queer Theory in Spain. InSushila Mesquita, Maria Katharina Wiedlack & Katrin Lasthofer (eds.), Import-Export-Transport: Queer theory, queer critique and activism in motion, 163–178. Vienna: Zaglossus.
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Zerner, Monique
    1989 Du court moment où on appela les hérétiques des “bougres”. Et quelques déductions. Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale32. 305–324. 10.3406/ccmed.1989.2447
    https://doi.org/10.3406/ccmed.1989.2447 [Google Scholar]
  94. Zingarelli
    Zingarelli 2007 = Lo Zingarelli: Vocabolario della lingua italiana, 12th edn. (2008 edn.), updated byMario Cannella (ed.). Bologna: Zanichelli.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/pc.00022.vec
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/pc.00022.vec
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): borrowing; gender; homosexuality; lexicology; LGBTQ; loanwords; pragmatics; taboo
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error