1887
Volume 30, Issue 1
  • ISSN 0929-0907
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9943
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

In this study, we are addressing the call for further research (Aikhenvald 2015) into how languages, in our case Modern Greek, mark the unexpected. Our first research question is: Can we identify a class of mirative evidential markers in Modern Greek? The expected answer is that we can, if we take account of frequency rates in a variety of sources in the real world, namely plays, corpora and tags in social media. The second research question is: Do these markers convey propositional or non-propositional meaning? Our findings suggest that the Greek data involves predominantly non-propositional types of meaning since mirativity is not delivered by the semantic content of the utterance (e.g., “Oh! What do I see?”, But what are you saying now?Well, well, what do I hear?” ‘Don’t tell me!’).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/pc.22012.ifa
2023-11-09
2024-10-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Adams, Reginald B. Jr., Ambady, Nalini, Macrae, C. Neil & Robert E. Kleck
    2006 Emotional expressions forecast approach-avoidance behavior. Motivation and Emotion30(2). 179–188. 10.1007/s11031‑006‑9020‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9020-2 [Google Scholar]
  2. Adams, Reginald B. Jr. & Robert E. Kleck
    2003 Perceived gaze direction and the processing of facial displays of emotion. Psychological Science141. 644–647. 10.1046/j.0956‑7976.2003.psci_1479.x
    https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1479.x [Google Scholar]
  3. 2005 Effects of direct and averted gaze on the perception of facially communicated emotion. Emotion51. 3–11. 10.1037/1528‑3542.5.1.3
    https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.3 [Google Scholar]
  4. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
    2004Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780199263882.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263882.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  5. 2012 The essence of mirativity. Linguistic Typology16(3). 435–485. 10.1515/lity‑2012‑0017
    https://doi.org/10.1515/lity-2012-0017 [Google Scholar]
  6. 2015 Evidentials: Their links with other grammatical categories. Linguistic Typology19(2). 239–277. 10.1515/lingty‑2015‑0008
    https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2015-0008 [Google Scholar]
  7. Aksu-Koç, Ayhan A. & Dan I. Slobin
    1986 A psychological account of the development and use of evidentials in Turkish. InWallace L. Chafe & Johanna Nichols (eds.), Evidentiality: The linguistic coding of epistemology, 159–167. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Alvanoudi, Angeliki
    2022 Polar answers and epistemic stance in Greek conversation. Pragmatics32(1). 1–27. 10.1075/prag.19031.alv
    https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.19031.alv [Google Scholar]
  9. Barés Gómez, Cristina & Matthieu Fontaine
    2021 How surprising! Mirativity, evidentiality and abductive inference. InTeresa Lopez-Soto (ed.), Dialog Systems, Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning221, 115–136. Berlin: Springer Verlag. 10.1007/978‑3‑030‑61438‑6_7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61438-6_7 [Google Scholar]
  10. Chafe, Wallace L. & Johanna Nichols
    (eds.) 1986Evidentiality: The linguistic coding of epistemology (vol.201). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Chondrogianni, Maria
    2011 The pragmatics of the Modern Greek modal particles θα, να, μη (ν) and ας. InKaterina Chatzopoulou, Alexandra Ioannidou & Suwon Yoon (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Greek Linguistics, 322–332. Chicago, Illinois, USA, University of Chicago.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. 2012 Basic illocutions of the MG indicative. InZoe Gavriilidou, Angeliki Efthymiou, Evangelia Thomadaki & Penelope Kambakis-Vougiouklis (eds.), Selected papers of the 10th ICGL, 223–234. Komotini, Greece Democritus University of Thrace.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. 2014 Basic illocutions of the Modern Greek subjunctive. InNikolaos Lavidas, Thomaï Alexiou & Areti-Maria Sougari (eds.), Major Trends in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 1, 249–272. London: Versita-de Gruyter Open Poland. 10.2478/9788376560762.p33
    https://doi.org/10.2478/9788376560762.p33 [Google Scholar]
  14. Darwin, Charles
    1965The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1872) 10.7208/chicago/9780226220802.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226220802.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  15. DeLancey, Scott
    1992 The historical status of the conjunct/disjunct pattern in Tibeto-Burman. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia25(1). 39–62. 10.1080/03740463.1992.10412277
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.1992.10412277 [Google Scholar]
  16. 2001 The mirative and evidentiality. Journal of Pragmatics33(3). 369–382. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(01)80001‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(01)80001-1 [Google Scholar]
  17. Douka, Maro
    2014Ela na poume psemata [Let’s lie]. Athens: Patakis.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenaus
    1972 Similarities and differences between cultures in expressive movements. InRobert A. Hinde (ed.), Non-verbal communication, 297–311. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Fang, Hongmei
    2018 Mirativity in Mandarin: The sentence-final particle Le (了). Open Linguistics4(1). 589–607. 10.1515/opli‑2018‑0029
    https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0029 [Google Scholar]
  20. Friedman, Victor A.
    2003 Evidentiality in the Balkans with special attention to Macedonian and Albanian. InAlexandra Aikhenvald & Robert Dixon (eds.), Studies in Evidentiality, 189–218. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 10.1075/tsl.54.11fri
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.54.11fri [Google Scholar]
  21. Grice, Herbert Paul
    1989Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Heilbron, Micha & Maria Chait
    2018 Great expectations: Is there evidence for predictive coding in auditory cortex?Neuroscience3891. 54–73. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.061
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.061 [Google Scholar]
  23. Hengeveld, Kess, Eli Nazareth Bechara, Roberto Gomes Camacho, Alessandra Regina Guerra, Taísa Peres de Oliveira, Eduardo Penhavel, Erotilde Goreti, Pezatti, Liliane Santana, Edson Rosa Francisco de Souza & Maria Luiza de Sousa Teixeira
    2007 Basic illocutions in the native languages of Brazil. Alfa: Revista de lingüística51(2). 73–90.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Ifantidou, Elly
    2001Evidentials and relevance (vol.861). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.86
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.86 [Google Scholar]
  25. Ifantidou, Elly & Lemonia Tsavdaridou
    2021 Mirative evidentials and non-propositional meaning. Paper delivered at the54th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Athens, 30 August-3 September 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ivanova-Sullivan, Tanya
    2007 Expressing surprise in Bulgarian: The meaning and use of the admirative. Unpublished manuscript. Ohio State University.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Joseph, Brian D. & Irene Philippaki-Warburton
    1987Modern Greek. London: Croom Helm.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Karachaliou, Rania & Argyris Archakis
    2015 Identity construction patterns via swearing: Evidence from Greek teenage storytelling. Pragmatics and Society6(3). 421–443. 10.1075/ps.6.3.05kar
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.6.3.05kar [Google Scholar]
  29. Katsiveli, Stamatina
    2020 Marking the unexpected: The case of ba in Greek talk-in-interaction. Journal of Pragmatics1701. 55–68. 10.1016/j.pragma.2020.08.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.08.003 [Google Scholar]
  30. Kim, Ahrim
    2018 Utterance-final particle-canha in modern spoken Korean: A marker of shared knowledge, (im)politeness, theticity and mirativity. Linguistics56(5). 995–1057. 10.1515/ling‑2018‑0016
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0016 [Google Scholar]
  31. Kim, Nam-Gyoon & Heejung Son
    2015 How facial expressions of emotion affect distance perception. Frontiers in Psychology61. 1825. 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01825
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01825 [Google Scholar]
  32. Kraus, Kelsey
    2019 Intonation and expectation: English mirative contours and particles. Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung23(2). 19–36.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Kriaras, Emmanouil
    1995Neo Elliniko Lexiko tis Sinxronis Dimotikis Glossas [New dictionary of Modern Demotic Greek]. Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Lee, Hyo Sang
    1993 Cognitive constraints on expressing newly perceived information, with reference to epistemic modal suffixes in Korean. Cognitive Linguistics4(2). 135–168. 10.1515/cogl.1993.4.2.135
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1993.4.2.135 [Google Scholar]
  35. López, Cristina Sánchez
    2017 Mirativity in Spanish: The case of the particle mira. Review of Cognitive Linguistics. Published under the auspices of the Spanish Cognitive Linguistics Association15(2). 489–514.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Müller, Cornelia, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva Ladewig, David McNeill & Sedinha Tessendorf
    (eds.) 2014Body – Language – Communication (vol.21). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Nelson, Anthony J., Adams, Reg B. Jr., Stevenson, Michael T., Weisbuch, Max & Michael I. Norton
    2013 Approach-avoidance movement influences the decoding of anger and fear expressions. Social Cognition311. 745–757. 10.1521/soco.2013.31.6.745
    https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2013.31.6.745 [Google Scholar]
  38. Peterson, Tyler
    2010 Examining the mirative and nonliteral uses of evidentials. InTyler Peterson & Uli Sauerland (eds.), Evidence from evidentiality (vol.281), 129–159. University of British Columbia. Working Papers in Linguistics (UBCWPL).
    [Google Scholar]
  39. 2015 Mirativity as surprise: Evidentiality, information, and deixis. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research45(6). 1327–1357. 10.1007/s10936‑015‑9408‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-015-9408-9 [Google Scholar]
  40. 2017 Problematizing mirativity. Review of Cognitive Linguistics15(2). 312–342. 10.1075/rcl.15.2.02pet
    https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.15.2.02pet [Google Scholar]
  41. Plutchik, Robert
    1980 A general psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. InRobert Plutchik & Henry Kellerman (eds.), Theories of emotion, 3–33. New York: Academic Press. 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑558701‑3.50007‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-558701-3.50007-7 [Google Scholar]
  42. Portner, Paul & Raffaella Zanuttini
    2000 The force of negation in Wh exclamatives and interrogatives. InLaurence Horn & Yasuhiko Kato (eds.), Negation and polarity. Syntactic and semantic perspectives, 201–239. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780198238744.003.0007
    https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198238744.003.0007 [Google Scholar]
  43. 2005 The semantics of nominal exclamatives. InReinaldo, Elugardo & Robert J. Stainton (eds.), Ellipsis and nonsentential speech, 57–67. The Netherlands: Springer. 10.1007/1‑4020‑2301‑4_3
    https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2301-4_3 [Google Scholar]
  44. Reisenzein, Rainer
    2000a The subjective experience of surprise. InHerbert Bless & Joseph Forgas (eds.), The message within: The role of subjective experience in social cognition and behavior, 262–279. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. 2000b Exploring the strength of association between the components of emotion syndromes: The case of surprise. Cognition and Emotion141. 1–38. 10.1080/026999300378978
    https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300378978 [Google Scholar]
  46. Reisenzein, Rainer, Horstmann, Gernot & Achim Schützwohl
    2019 The cognitive-evolutionary model of surprise: A review of the evidence. Topics in Cognitive Science11(1). 50–74. 10.1111/tops.12292
    https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12292 [Google Scholar]
  47. Rett, Jessica
    2011 Exclamatives, degrees and speech acts. Linguistics and Philosophy34(5). 411–442. 10.1007/s10988‑011‑9103‑8
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-011-9103-8 [Google Scholar]
  48. 2012 Miratives across constructions and languages. Comuniación presentada en el 5th California Universities Semantics and Pragmatics. CUSP 5 – University of California, San Diego, 27–28.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. 2017 The semantics of emotive markers and other illocutionary content. https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Rett/Rett_2019_emotive_markers.pdf
  50. Rett, Jessica & Sarah Murray
    2013 A semantic account of mirative evidentials. Proceedings of SALT231, 453–472. 10.3765/salt.v23i0.2687
    https://doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2687 [Google Scholar]
  51. Scott, Kate
    2018 “Hashtags work everywhere”: The pragmatic functions of spoken hashtags. Discourse, Context & Media221. 57–64. 10.1016/j.dcm.2017.07.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2017.07.002 [Google Scholar]
  52. Setatos, Michalis
    1994 Επιχειρηματολογικές χρήσεις του λέγω (Argumentative uses of λέγω [say]. InMichalis Setatos (ed.), Γλωσσολογικές μελέτες [Linguistic studies]. Aristotelian University of ThessalonikiB(4). 147–166.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Sperber, Dan & Deirdre Wilson
    2015 Beyond speaker’s meaning. Croatian Journal of PhilosophyXV(44). 117–149.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Torres Bustamante, Teresa
    2013On the syntax and semantics of mirativity: Evidence from Spanish and Albanian. New Brunswick: Rutgers University.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Triantafyllides, Manolis
    1998 Dictionary of standard Modern Greek. Institute for Modern Greek Studies of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Trotzke, Andreas
    2017 Mirative fronting in German: Experimental evidence. Review of Cognitive Linguistics15(2). 460–488. 10.1075/rcl.15.2.07tro
    https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.15.2.07tro [Google Scholar]
  57. Tsavdaridou, Lemonia
    2020 Exploring mirativity in Modern Greek: Surprise in interaction. Athens: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens MA dissertation.
  58. Tzartzanos, Achilles
    1996Neoelliniki syntaksi (tis koinis dimotikis) [Modern Greek Syntax (of the demotic Koine)]. Thessaloniki: Kyriakides.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Valetopoulos, Freiderikos & Eleni Motsiou
    2014Peur et surprise: Définition et description [Φόβος και έκπληξη: Ορισμός και περιγραφή]. In11th International Conference on Greek Linguistics, ICGL11, Selected Papers, 151–165. Rhodes: University of the Aegean, Department of Mediterranean Studies.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Watters, David E.
    2004A grammar of Kham. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511486883
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486883 [Google Scholar]
  61. Wharton, Tim
    2003 Interjections, language and the ‘showing-saying’ continuum. Pragmatics & Cognition111. 39–91. 10.1075/pc.11.1.04wha
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.11.1.04wha [Google Scholar]
  62. Wilson, Deirdre & Tim Wharton
    2006 Relevance and prosody. Journal of Pragmatics38(10). 1559–1579. 10.1016/j.pragma.2005.04.012
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.04.012 [Google Scholar]
  63. Zeevat, Henk
    2009 “Only” as a mirative particle. InArndt Riester & Edgar Onea (eds.), Focus at the syntax-semantics interface. Working Papers of the SFB732(3). 121–141. University of Stuttgart.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Zhao, Ke, Zhao Jia, Zhang Ming, Cui Qian & Xiaolan Fu
    2017 Neural responses to rapid facial expressions of fear and surprise. Frontiers in Psychology81. 761. 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00761
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00761 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/pc.22012.ifa
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/pc.22012.ifa
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): emotion; evidentiality; mirativity; showing-meaning; surprise
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error