1887
image of “What are you talking about? That is not true” — Men’s and women’s disagreements in English and Italian
interactions
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

The present research aims to uncover cross-linguistic differences (involving British English and Italian), as well as cross-gender differences (men and women) concerning use and preference of strategies and pragmatic modification, in verbal disagreements. The analysis of spontaneous conversations from the Spoken BNC2014 corpus (McEnery et al. 2017), for the English sample, and from the KIParla corpus (Goria and Mauri 2018), for the Italian sample, has brought to light divergences in the realization of disagreements, both at the cross-linguistic and at the cross-gender level. Methodologically speaking, models of analysis used for past empirical studies (Muntigl and Turnbull 1998; Rees-Miller 2000; Johnson 2006; Paramasivam 2007) were drawn from for the annotation and codification of strategies and pragmatic modifiers. Results obtained from quantitative analyses are explained in the light of previous research findings, although the latter are partially disconfirmed and thus call for further future investigations.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/prag.23038.nap
2025-01-16
2025-02-15
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Aini, Wildan Nurul
    2015 “Realization of Disagreement Strategies by Indonesian Speakers.” English Review: Journal of English Education (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Angouri, Jo, and Theodora Tseliga
    2010 “‘You Have No Idea What You Are Talking About’: From E-Disagreement to E-Impoliteness in Two Online Fora.” Journal of Politeness Research (): –. 10.1515/jplr.2010.004
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2010.004 [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker, Paul
    2014Using Corpora to Analyze Gender. London: Bloomsbury.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Behnam, Biook, and Masoumeh Niroomand
    2011 “An Investigation of Iranian EFL Learners’ Use of Politeness Strategies and Power Relations in Disagreement Across Different Proficiency Levels.” English Language Teaching (): –. 10.5539/elt.v4n4p204
    https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n4p204 [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson
    1978Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Carli, Linda L.
    1989 “Gender Differences in Interaction Style and Influence.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (): –. 10.1037/0022‑3514.56.4.565
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.565 [Google Scholar]
  7. Cenni, Irene, and Patrick Goethals
    2020 “Responding to Negative Hotel Reviews: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective on Online Rapport-Management.” Discourse, Context & Media: 100430. 10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100430
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100430 [Google Scholar]
  8. Corino, Elisa
    2008 “Do You (Dis)agree? Investigating Agreement and Disagreement in Newsgroups Interaction.” L’Analisi Linguistica e Letteraria (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Culpeper, Jonathan
    2005 “Impoliteness and Entertainment in the Television Quiz Show: The Weakest Link.” Journal of Politeness Research (): –. 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35 [Google Scholar]
  10. Braun, Michael, and Jacqueline Scott
    2009 “Gender-role Egalitarianism — Is the Trend Reversal Real?” International Journal of Public Opinion Research (): –. 10.1093/ijpor/edp032
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edp032 [Google Scholar]
  11. Decock, Sofie, and Anneleen Spiessens
    2017 “Customer Complaints and Disagreements in a Multilingual Business Environment. A Discursive-Pragmatic Analysis.” Intercultural Pragmatics (): –. 10.1515/ip‑2017‑0004
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2017-0004 [Google Scholar]
  12. Georgakopoulou, Alexandra
    2001 “Arguing About the Future: On Indirect Disagreements in Conversations.” Journal of Pragmatics (): –. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(00)00034‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00034-5 [Google Scholar]
  13. Goria, Eugenio, and Caterina Mauri
    2018 “Il corpus KIParla: una nuova risorsa per lo studio dell’italiano parlato.” InCLUB Working Papers in Linguistics, ed. byFrancesca Masini, and Fabio Tamburini, –. Bologna: Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Guarda, Marta
    2012 “Writer Visibility and Agreement/Disagreement Strategies in Online Asynchronous Interaction: A Learner Corpus Study.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences: –. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.018
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.018 [Google Scholar]
  15. Heritage, John
    1984Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Herring, Susan C.
    (ed.) 1996Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross-cultural Perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.39
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.39 [Google Scholar]
  17. Hickey, Leo
    1991 “Comparatively Polite People in Spain and Britain.” Journal of the Association of Contemporary Iberian Studies: –.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hidalgo, Laura, Raquel Hidalgo, and Angela Downing
    2014 “Strategies of (In)directness in Spanish Speakers’ Production of Complaints and Disagreements in English and Spanish.” InThe Functional Perspective on Language and Discourse: Applications and Implications, ed. byMaría Angeles Gómez González, Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco Gonzálvez García, and Angela Downing Rothwell, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.247.14hid
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.247.14hid [Google Scholar]
  19. Hofstede, Geert
    1991Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Holmes, Janet, and Maria Stubbe
    2003 ““Feminine” Workplaces: Stereotypes and Reality.” InThe Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. byJanet Holmes, and Miriam Meyerhoff, –. Wiley Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470756942.ch25
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756942.ch25 [Google Scholar]
  21. Ishihara, Noriko
    2016 “Softening or Intensifying Your Language in Oppositional Talk: Disagreeing Agreeably or Defiantly.” InEnglish for Diplomatic Purposes, ed. byPatricia Friedrich, –. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781783095483‑006
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783095483-006 [Google Scholar]
  22. Jefferson, Gail
    2004 “Glossary of Transcript Symbols with an Introduction.” InConversation Analysis, ed. byGene H. Lerner, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.125.02jef
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.125.02jef [Google Scholar]
  23. Johnson, Fiona
    2006 “Agreement and Disagreement: A Cross-Cultural Comparison.” Bisal: –.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kakavà, Christina
    1993 “Negotiation of Disagreement by Greeks in Conversations and Classroom Discourse.” PhD dissertation. Georgetown University.
  25. 2002 “Opposition in Modern Greek Discourse: Cultural and Contextual Constraints.” Journal of Pragmatics (): –. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(02)00075‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00075-9 [Google Scholar]
  26. Katriel, Tamar
    1986Talking Straight: Dugri Speech in Israeli Sabra Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kotthoff, Helga
    1993 “Disagreement and Concession in Disputes: On the Context Sensitivity of Preference Structures.” Language in Society (): –. 10.1017/S0047404500017103
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500017103 [Google Scholar]
  28. Lakoff, Robin
    1973 “The Logic of Politeness, or Minding your P’s and Q’s.” InPapers from the Ninth Regional Meeting, ed. byClaudia Corum, and T. Cedric Smith-Stark, –. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. 1990Talking Power: The Politics of Language in our Lives. New York: Basic Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Leech, Geoffrey N.
    1983Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Liang, Goudon, and Jing Han
    2005 “A Contrastive Study on Disagreement Strategies for Politeness between American English & Mandarin Chinese.” Asian EFL Journal (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Locher, Miriam A.
    2010Power and Politeness in Action: Disagreements in Oral Communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Maíz-Arévalo, Carmen
    2014 “Expressing Disagreement in English as a Lingua Franca: Whose Pragmatic Rules?” Intercultural Pragmatics (): –. 10.1515/ip‑2014‑0009
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2014-0009 [Google Scholar]
  34. Masoumeh, Mehregan, Eslamirasekh Abbass, Dabaghi Azizollah, and Jafari Seresht Davood
    2013 “Disagreement Expressions in the Discourse of Young Persian Speakers.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences: –. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.098
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.098 [Google Scholar]
  35. McEnery, Tony, Robbie Love, and Vaclav Brezina
    2017 “Introduction: Compiling and Analysing the Spoken British National Corpus 2014.” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics (): –. 10.1075/ijcl.22.3.01mce
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22.3.01mce [Google Scholar]
  36. McLachlan, Angus
    1991 “Research Note: The Effects of Agreement, Disagreement, Gender and Familiarity on Patterns of Dyadic Interaction.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology (): –. 10.1177/0261927X91103004
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X91103004 [Google Scholar]
  37. Muntigl, Peter, and William Turnbull
    1998 “Conversational Structure and Facework in Arguing.” Journal of Pragmatics (): –. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(97)00048‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(97)00048-9 [Google Scholar]
  38. O’Halloran, Kay L., Sabine Tan, and Marissa K. L. E.
    2014 “Multimodal Pragmatics.” InPragmatics of Discourse, ed. byKlaus P. Schneider, and Anne Barron, –. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110214406‑010
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214406-010 [Google Scholar]
  39. Paramasivam, Shamala
    2007 “Managing Disagreement While Managing Not to Disagree: Polite Disagreement in Negotiation Discourse.” Journal of Intercultural Communication Research (): –. 10.1080/17475750701478661
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17475750701478661 [Google Scholar]
  40. Pomerantz, Anita
    1984Agreeing and Disagreeing with Assessments: Some Features of Preferred/Dispreferred Turn Shaped. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Ragnedda, Massimo
    2014 “Censorship and Media Ownership in Italy in the Era of Berlusconi.” Global Media Journal: Mediterranean Edition (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Rees-Miller, Janie
    2000 “Power, Severity, and Context in Disagreement.” Journal of Pragmatics (): –. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(99)00088‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00088-0 [Google Scholar]
  43. Sacks, Harvey
    1987 “On the Preference for Agreement and Contiguity in Sequences in Conversation.” InTalk and Social Organisation, ed. byGraham Button, and John R. E. Lee, –. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781800418226‑004
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781800418226-004 [Google Scholar]
  44. Santamaría García, C.
    2001 “Turn Format in Agreeing and Disagreeing Responses.” InStudies in Contrastive Linguistics: Proceedings of the 2nd International Contrastive Linguistics Conference, ed. byLuis Iglesias Rábade, Susana María Doval Suárez, and María de los Ángeles Gómez González, –. Santiago: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Schegloff, Emmanuel A.
    2007 “Categories in Action: Person-Reference and Membership Categorization.” Discourse Studies (): –. 10.1177/1461445607079162
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445607079162 [Google Scholar]
  46. Schiffrin, Deborah
    1984 “Jewish Argument as Sociability.” Language in Society: –. 10.1017/S0047404500010526
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500010526 [Google Scholar]
  47. Sifianou, Maria
    2012 “Disagreements, Face and Politeness.” Journal of Pragmatics (): –. 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.009
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.009 [Google Scholar]
  48. Sofwan, Ahmad, and Eko Suwignyo
    2011 “The Realization of Disagreement Strategies by Non-Native Speakers of English.” Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Spencer-Oatey, Helen
    2000 “Rapport Management: A Framework for Analysis.” InCulturally Speaking: Managing Rapport Through Talk Across Cultures, ed. byHelen Spencer-Oatey, –. London: Continuum. 10.5040/9781350934085
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350934085 [Google Scholar]
  50. Tannen, Deborah
    1984a “Spoken and Written Narrative in English and Greek.” InCoherence in Spoken and Written Discourse, ed. byDeborah Tannen, –. Norwood: Ablex.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. 1984bConversational Style: Analyzing Talk among Friends. Norwood: Ablex.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Wainryb, Cecilia, Leigh A. Shaw, Marta Laupa, and Ken R. Smith
    2001 “Children’s, Adolescents’, and Young Adults’ Thinking about Different Types of Disagreements.” Developmental Psychology (): –. 10.1037/0012‑1649.37.3.373
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.373 [Google Scholar]
  53. Waldron, Vincent R., and James L. Applegate
    1994 “Interpersonal Construct Differentiation and Conversational Planning: An Examination of Two Cognitive Accounts for the Production of Competent Verbal Disagreement Tactics.” Human Communication Research (): –. 10.1111/j.1468‑2958.1994.tb00337.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00337.x [Google Scholar]
  54. Yaeger-Dror, Malcah, and Elaine Sister
    1987 “‘Scuse Me, Waitaminute!’: Directive Use in Israeli Hebrew.” Linguistics: –. 10.1515/ling.1987.25.6.1127
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1987.25.6.1127 [Google Scholar]
  55. Yang, Yan
    2013 “Gender Differences in Pragmatic Strategies of Disagreement in Chinese.” International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC-13), –.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/prag.23038.nap
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/prag.23038.nap
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error