The interplay of cultural expectation, gender role, and communicative behavior

References

1. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen, and Beverly S. Hartford
   2005 “Institutional Discourse and Interlanguage Pragmatics Research.” InInterlanguage Pragmatics: Exploring Institutional Talk, edited byKathleen Bardovi-Harlig, and Beverly S. Hartford. 7–36. Mahwah, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. 10.4324/9781410613776
   https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410613776 [Google Scholar]
2. Barron, Anne, and Klaus P. Schneider
   2009 “Variational Pragmatics: Studying the Impact of Social Factors on Language Use in Interaction.” Intercultural Pragmatics6 (4): 425–442. 10.1515/IPRG.2009.023
   https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2009.023 [Google Scholar]
3. Beebe, Leslie M., and Tomoko Takahashi
   1989 “Sociolinguistic Variation in Face-Threatening Speech Acts: Chastisement and Disagreement.” InThe Dynamic Interlanguage, edited byMiriam R. Eisenstein. 199–218. New York, N. Y.: Plenum Press. 10.1007/978‑1‑4899‑0900‑8_13
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0900-8_13 [Google Scholar]
4. Berggren, Caroline
   2006 “Labour Market Influence on Recruitment to Higher Education: Gender and Class Perspectives.” Higher Education52: 121–148. 10.1007/s10734‑004‑5793‑y
   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-004-5793-y [Google Scholar]
5. Beutel, Ann M., and Margaret M. Marini
   1995 “Gender and Values.” American Sociological Review60 (3): 436–448. 10.2307/2096423
   https://doi.org/10.2307/2096423 [Google Scholar]
6. Bonikowska, Malgorzata
   1988 “The Choice of Opting Out.” Applied Linguistics9 (2): 169–181. 10.1093/applin/9.2.169
   https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/9.2.169 [Google Scholar]
7. Brody, Leslie R.
   1997 “Gender and Emotion: Beyond Stereotypes.” Journal of Social Issues53 (2): 369–394. 10.1111/j.1540‑4560.1997.tb02448.x
   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02448.x [Google Scholar]
8. Brody, Leslie R.
   1999 Gender, Education, and the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bromnick, Rachel D., and Brian L. Swallow
   2001 “Parties, Lads, Friends, Love and Newcastle United: A Study of Young People’s Values.” Educational Studies27 (2): 143–158. 10.1080/03055690125235
   https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690125235 [Google Scholar]
10. Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson
    1987 Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511813085
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813085 [Google Scholar]
11. Cai, Ying
    2012 “A Study on Compliment Response Strategies by Chinese College Students.” Journal of Langauge Teaching and Research3 (3): 543–549.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Chang, Tianle
    2004 “Gender Stereotypes Still Hold – Hamper Female Professionals.” China Daily. Retrieved fromHighBeam Research: https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8816652.html
    [Google Scholar]
13. Chen, I-Ru
    2012 “Higher Education Reform in Taiwan and Its Implications on Equality.” Chinese Society and Education44 (5): 121–137.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Chen, Rong, and Da-Fu Yang
    2010 “Responding to Compliments in Chinese: Has It Changed?” Journal of Pragmatics42 (7): 1951–1963. 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.006
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.006 [Google Scholar]
15. Chen, Shu-Hui E.
    2003 “Compliment Response Strategies in Mandarin Chinese.” Concentrics: Studies in English literature and linguistics29 (2): 157–184.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Chou, Chuing Prudence, and Li-Tien Wang
    2012 “Who Benefits from the Massification of Higher Education in Taiwan?” Chinese Education and Society45 (5): 8–20.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Crittenden, Kathleen S.
    1991 “Asian Self-effacement or Feminine Modesty? Attributional Patterns of Women University Students in Taiwan” Gender and Society5 (1): 98–117. 10.1177/089124391005001005
    https://doi.org/10.1177/089124391005001005 [Google Scholar]
18. Farenkia, Bernard M.
    2012 “Compliment Strategies and Regional Variation in French: Evidence from Cameroon and Canadian French.” Pragmatics22 (3): 447–476. 10.1075/prag.22.3.05mul
    https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.22.3.05mul [Google Scholar]
19. Furkó, Bálint Péter, and Éva Dudás
    2012 “Gender Differences in Complimenting Strategies with Special Reference to the Compliment Response Patterns of Hungarian Undergraduate Students.” Argumentum8: 136–157.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Golato, Andrea
    2003 “Studying Compliment Responses: A Comparison of DCTs and Recordings of Naturally Occurring Talk.” Applied Linguistics24 (1): 90–121. 10.1093/applin/24.1.90
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.1.90 [Google Scholar]
21. Gould, Robert J., and Caroline G. Slone
    1982 “The “Feminine Modesty” Effect: A Self-Presentational Interpretation of Sex Differences in Causal Attribution.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin8: 477–485. 10.1177/0146167282083014
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167282083014 [Google Scholar]
22. Gordon, Anne K., Dara R. Musher-Eizenman, Shayla C. Holub, and John Dalrymple
    2004 “What are Children Thankful for? An Archival Analysis of Gratitude before and after the Attacks of September 11.” Applied Developmental Psychology25 (5): 541–553. 10.1016/j.appdev.2004.08.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2004.08.004 [Google Scholar]
23. Hartmann, Heidi
    1976 “Capitalism, Patriarchy and Job Segregation.” InWomen and the Workplace: The Implications of Occupational Segregation, edited byMartha Blaxall, and Barbara Reagan. 137–169. Chicago, Il.: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Hatch, Evelyn
    1992 Discourse and Language Education. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Herbert, Robert K.
    1986 “Say “Thank You” – or Something.” American Speech61 (1): 76–88. 10.2307/454710
    https://doi.org/10.2307/454710 [Google Scholar]
26. Herbert, Robert K.
    1989 “The Ethnography of English Compliments and Compliment Responses: A Contrastive Sketch.” InContrastive Pragmatics, edited byWieslaw Oleksy. 3–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Herbert, Robert K.
    1990 “Sex-based Differences in Compliment Behavior.” Language in Society19 (2): 201–224. 10.1017/S0047404500014378
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500014378 [Google Scholar]
28. Hobbs, Pamela
    2003 “The Medium is the Message: Politeness Strategies in Men and Women’s Voice Mail Message.” Journal of Pragmatics35 (2): 243–262. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(02)00100‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00100-5 [Google Scholar]
29. Holmes, Janet
    1988 “Paying Compliments: A Sex-preferential Politeness Strategy.” Journal of Pragmatics12 (4): 445–465. 10.1016/0378‑2166(88)90005‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(88)90005-7 [Google Scholar]
30. Holmes, Janet
    1995 Women, Men, and Politeness. London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Holmes, Janet, and Maria Stubbe
    2003 ““Feminine” Workplaces: Stereotype and Reality.” InThe Handbook of Language and Gender, edited byJanet Holmes, and Miriam Meyerhoff. 573–599. Oxford: Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470756942.ch25
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756942.ch25 [Google Scholar]
32. Ishihara, Noriko
    2010 “Compliments and Responses to Compliments: Learning Communication in Context.” InSpeech Act Performance: Theoretical, Empirical, and Methodological Issues, edited byAlicia Martínez Flor, and Esther Usó Juan. 179–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.26.11ish
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.26.11ish [Google Scholar]
33. Jucker, Andreas H.
    2009 “Speech Act Research between Armchair, Field, and Laboratory: The Case of Compliments.” Journal of Pragmatics41 (8): 1611–1635. 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.02.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.02.004 [Google Scholar]
34. Kashdan, Todd B., Anjali Mishra, William E. Breen, and Jeffrey J. Froh
    2009 “Gender Differences in Gratitude: Examining Appraisals, Narratives, the Willingness to Express Emotions, and Changes in Psychological Needs.” Journal of Personality77 (3): 691–730. 10.1111/j.1467‑6494.2009.00562.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00562.x [Google Scholar]
35. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Cathérine
    1987 “La description des changes en Analyse Conversationnelle: L’exemple du Compliment.” DRLAV- Revue de Linguistique36/37: 1–53.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Levant, Ronald F., and Gini Kopecky
    1995 Masculinity Reconstructed: Changing the Rules of Manhood -- at Work, in Relationships, and in Family Life. New York, N. Y.: Dutton.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Lin, Chih-Ying, Helen Woodfield, and Wei Ren
    2012 “Compliments in Taiwan and Mainland Chinese: The Influence of Region and Compliment Topic.” Journal of Pragmatics44 (11): 1486–1502. 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.012
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.012 [Google Scholar]
38. Lin, Meng-Jie
    2011 “Women’s Aspirations for Graduate Education in Taiwan.” International Journal of Educational Development31 (5): 515–523. 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.12.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.12.005 [Google Scholar]
39. Liu, Jane, and Marilyn Carpenter
    2005 “Trends and Issues of Women’s Education in China.” The Clearing House78 (6): 277–281. 10.1080/00098655.2005.10757632
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2005.10757632 [Google Scholar]
40. Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria
    2001 “Compliment Responses among British and Spanish University Students: A Contrastive Study.” Journal of Pragmatics33 (1): 107–127. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(99)00127‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00127-7 [Google Scholar]
41. Lu, Hwei-Syin
    2004 “Transcribing Feminism: Taiwanese Women’s Experiences.” InWomen in the New Taiwan: Gender Roles and Gender Consciousness in a Changing Society, edited byCatherine Farris, Anru Lee, and Murray Rubinstein. 223–243. Armonk, N. Y.: M. E. Sharpe.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Lu, Mei-Lien
    2012 “The Changing Status of Women in Taiwan: 1945–2010.” PhD diss., Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
43. Manes, Joan
    1983 “Compliments: A Mirror of Cultural Values.” InSociolinguistics and Language Acquisition, edited byNessa Wolfson, and Elliot Judd. 96–102. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Marsh, Robert M.
    2004 “Should Women Get Equal Pay for Work? Taiwanese Men’s Attitude in 1963 and 1991.” InWomen in the New Taiwan: Gender Roles and Gender Consciousness in a Changing Society, edited byCatherine Farris, Anru Lee, and Murry Rubinstein. 149–170. Armonk, N. Y.: M. E. Sharpe.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Marshall, Carol Sue, and Judy Reinhartz
    1997 “Gender Issues in the Classroom.” The Clearing House70 (6): 333–338. 10.1080/00098655.1997.10543538
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10543538 [Google Scholar]
46. Marti, Leyla
    2006 “Indirectness and Politeness in Turkish-German Bilingual and Turkish Monolingual Requests.” Journal of Pragmatics38 (11): 1836–1869. 10.1016/j.pragma.2005.05.009
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.05.009 [Google Scholar]
47. Mills, Sara
    2003 Gender and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511615238
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615238 [Google Scholar]
48. Mills, Sara, and Louise Mullany
    2011 Language, Gender, and Feminism: Theory, Methodology, and Practice. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203814666
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203814666 [Google Scholar]
49. Parisi, Christopher, and Peter Wogan
    2006 “Compliment Topics and Gender.” Women and Language29 (2): 21–28.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Paulston, Christine Bratt, and G. Richard Tucker
    2003 Sociolinguistics: The Essential Readings. Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Pomerantz, Anita
    1978 “Compliment Responses: Notes on the Cooperation of Multiple Constraints.” InStudies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction, edited byJim Schenkein. 79–112. New York, N. Y: Academic Press. 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑623550‑0.50010‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-623550-0.50010-0 [Google Scholar]
52. Prentice, Deborah A., and Erica Carranza
    2002 “What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn’t Be, Are Allowed to Be, and Don’t Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes.” Psychology of Women Quarterly26 (4): 269–281. 10.1111/1471‑6402.t01‑1‑00066
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066 [Google Scholar]
53. Schegloff, Emanuel A., and Harvey Sacks
    1973 “Opening up Closings.” Semiotica8 (4): 289–327. 10.1515/semi.1973.8.4.289
    https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1973.8.4.289 [Google Scholar]
54. Scherer, Klaus R., Harald G. Wallbott, and Angela B. Summerfield
    1986 Experiencing Emotion: A Cross-Cultural Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Schwartz, Shalom H., and Tammy Rube
    2005 “Sex Differences in Value Priorities: Cross-Cultural and Multimethod Studies.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology89 (6): 1010–1028. 10.1037/0022‑3514.89.6.1010
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.1010 [Google Scholar]
56. Shih, Yu-Huei E.
    1986 Conversational Politeness and Foreign Language Teaching. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Solomon, Robert C.
    1995 “The Cross-Cultural Comparison of Emotion.” InEmotions in Asian Thought, edited byJoel Marks, and Roger T. Ames. 253–294. Albany, N. Y.: State University of New York Press.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Sommers, Shula, and Corinne Kosmitzki
    1988 “Emotion and Social Context: An American – German Comparison.” British Journal of Social Psychology27 (1): 35–49. 10.1111/j.2044‑8309.1988.tb00803.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00803.x [Google Scholar]
59. Su, I-Ru
    2004 “Bi-directional Transfer in EFL Users’ Requesting Behavior: A Bi-directional Perspective.” English Teaching and Learning29 (2): 79–98.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Su, I-Ru
    2010 “Bi-directional Transfer in Chinese EFL Learners’ Apologizing Behavior.” Concentrics: Studies in Linguistics38 (2): 237–266.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Tang, Chen-Hsin, and Grace Qi-Ao Zhang
    2009 “A Contrastive Study of Compliment Responses among Australian English and Mandarin Chinese Speakers.” Journal of Pragmatics41 (2): 325–345. 10.1016/j.pragma.2008.05.019
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.05.019 [Google Scholar]
62. Trudgill, Peter
    1972 “Sex, Covert Prestige, and Linguistic Change in the Urban British Dialect of Norwich.” Language in Society1 (2): 179–175. 10.1017/S0047404500000488
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500000488 [Google Scholar]
63. Tsai, Chiung-Tzu L.
    2006 “The Influence of Confucianism on Women’s Leisure in Taiwan.” Leisure Studies25 (4): 469–476. 10.1080/02614360600898177
    https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360600898177 [Google Scholar]
64. Tsai, Shu-Ling, Hill Gates, and Hei-Yuan Chiu
    1994 “Schooling Taiwan’s Women: Educational Attainment in the Mid-20th Century.” Sociology of Education67: 243–263. 10.2307/2112815
    https://doi.org/10.2307/2112815 [Google Scholar]
65. Wang, Hung-Chun
    2009 “Language and Ideology: Gender Stereotypes of Female and Male Artists in Taiwanese Tabloids.” Discourse and Society20 (6): 747–774. 10.1177/0957926509342379
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926509342379 [Google Scholar]
66. Wang, Yu-Fang
    2002 “Compliment Responses Produced by College Students in Taiwan.” InForm and Function: Linguistic Studies in Honor of Shuanfan Huang, edited byLily I-Wen Su, Chin-Fa Lien, and Ka-Wai Chui. 371–403. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Wang, Yu-Fang, and Pi-Hua Tsai
    2003 “An Empirical Study on Compliments and Compliment Responses in Taiwan Mandarin Conversation.” Concentrics: Studies in English literature and linguistics29 (2): 118–156.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Wolfson, Nessa
    1983 “An Empirically Based Analysis of Complimenting in American English.” InSociolinguistics and Language Acquisition, edited byNessa Wolfson, and Elliot Judd. 82–95. Rowley, Ma.: Newbury House.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Wolfson, Nessa
    1988 “The Bulge: A Theory of Speech Behavior and Social Distance.” InSociolinguistics and Language Acquisition, edited byNessa Wolfson, and Elliot Judd. 82–95. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Wood, Julia T.
    2008 Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture. Boston, Ma.: Cengage.
    [Google Scholar]
71. Wu, Jui-Chun
    2013 “Gender-based Differences in Hakka Complaint Realization.” Chinese Studies31 (4): 279–318.
    [Google Scholar]
72. Yi, Chin-Chun, Yu-Hsia Lu, and Yun-Kang Pan
    2000 “Women’s Family Status: A Comparison of the Family Power Structure in Taiwan and China.” InWalking a Tightrope: Meeting the Challenges of Work and Family, edited byCarol D. H. Harvey. 91–116. Aldershot. UK: Ashgate.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Yousefvand, Zohreh
    2010 “Study of Compliment Speech Act Realization Patterns across Gender in Persian.” Arizona Working Papers in SLA & Teaching17: 91–112.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Yu, Ming-Chung
    2004 “Interlinguistic Variation and Similarity in Second Language Speech Act Behavior.” The Modern Language Journal88 (1): 102–119. 10.1111/j.0026‑7902.2004.00220.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0026-7902.2004.00220.x [Google Scholar]
75. Yuan, Yi
    2002 “Compliments and Compliment Responses in Kunming Chinese.” Pragmatics12 (2): 183–226. 10.1075/prag.12.2.04yua
    https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.12.2.04yua [Google Scholar]