1887
Volume 30, Issue 1
  • ISSN 0213-2028
  • E-ISSN: 2254-6774
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Spanish L2 learners’ proficiency levels on their use of communication strategies in face-to-face interactions. Spoken data was elicited by means of a task-based methodology from different level learners in interaction with other learners and Spanish NSs. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to investigate a possible association between the learners’ proficiency levels and their communication strategy use. The analysis drew on Dӧrnyei & Kӧrmos’ (1998) taxonomy. Findings indicate a higher strategy use in beginner levels, and their tendency to tackle lexis-related problems, as well as less complex grammatical features of the language. Higher level learners, however, focused more on grammar-related problems, as well as on more complex aspects of the target language.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/resla.30.1.02ros
2017-11-23
2025-02-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Bialystok, E.
    (1990) Communication strategies: A psychological analysis of second-language use. Oxford/Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bialystok, E. , & Fröhlich, M.
    (1980) Oral communication strategies for lexical difficulties. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin, 5(1), 3–30.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bongaerts, T. , & Poulisse, N.
    (1989) Communication strategies in LI and L2: Same or different?Applied Linguistics, 10(3), 253–268. doi: 10.1093/applin/10.3.253
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/10.3.253 [Google Scholar]
  4. Canale, M. , & Swain, M.
    (1980) Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1–47. doi: 10.1093/applin/1.1.1
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/1.1.1 [Google Scholar]
  5. Ceo-DiFrancesco, D.
    (2003) Strategies in the oral production of beginning Spanish learners. Hispania, 86(1), 121–132. doi: 10.2307/20062820
    https://doi.org/10.2307/20062820 [Google Scholar]
  6. Chen, S. Q.
    (1990) A study of communication strategies in interlanguage production by Chinese EFL learners. Language Learning, 40(2), 155–187. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑1770.1990.tb01332.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb01332.x [Google Scholar]
  7. Chuanchaisit, S. , & Prapphal, K.
    (2009) A study of English communication strategies of Thai university students. Journal of Humanities, 17, 100–126.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. DeKeyser, R. M.
    (1990) From learning to acquisition?: Monitoring in the classroom and abroad. Hispania, 73(1), 238–247. doi: 10.2307/343012
    https://doi.org/10.2307/343012 [Google Scholar]
  9. Deveau, T. A.
    (1998) Error analysis in the interlanguage of beginning Spanish students. Rice University.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dörnyei, Z. , & Körmos, J.
    (1998) Problem-solving mechanisms in L2 communication. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20(3), 349–385. doi: 10.1017/S0272263198003039
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263198003039 [Google Scholar]
  11. Dörnyei, Z. , & Scott, M. L.
    (1995) Communication strategies: An empirical analysis with retrospection. Tesol Quarterly, 29(1), 55–85. doi: 10.2307/3587805
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3587805 [Google Scholar]
  12. (1997) Communication strategies in a second language: Definitions and taxonomies. Language Learning, 47(1), 173–210.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dussias, P. E.
    (2003) Cognitive approaches to the study of Spanish second language acquisition. In B. A. Lafford & M. R. Salaberry (Eds.), Studies in Spanish second language acquisition: The state of the science (pp.233–261). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Ellis, R.
    (2003) Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Færch, C. , & Kasper, G.
    (1983) Strategies in interlanguage communication. London & New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fernández Dobao, A. M.
    (2001) Communication strategies in the interlanguage of Galician students of English: The influence of learner- and task- related factors. Atlantis, 23(1), 41–62.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. (2004) The use of communication strategies by Spanish learners of English: A study of the collaborative creation of meaning, language and linguistic knowledge. Ph.D. dissertation. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Fernández Dobao, A. M. , & Palacios Martínez, I. M.
    (2007) Negotiating meaning in interaction between English and Spanish speakers via communicative strategies. Atlantis, 29(1), 87–105.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. García Nuñez, W.
    (2006) El uso de las estrategias de comunicación oral y el nivel de dominio del idioma inglés. Perfiles, 27, 97–123.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Gass, S. , & Mackey, A.
    (2000) Stimulated recall methodology in second language research. New York & London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Guntermann, G.
    (1992a) An analysis of interlanguage development over time: Part II, ser and estar . Hispania, 75(5), 1294–1303. doi: 10.2307/344396
    https://doi.org/10.2307/344396 [Google Scholar]
  22. (1992b) An analysis of interlanguage development over time: Part I, por and para . Hispania, 75(1), 177–187. doi: 10.2307/344777
    https://doi.org/10.2307/344777 [Google Scholar]
  23. Hyde, J.
    (1982) The identification of communication strategies in the interlanguage of Spanish learners of English. Anglo American Studies, 2(1), 13–30.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kaivanpanah, S. , Yamouty, P. , & Karami, H.
    (2012) Examining the effects of proficiency, gender, and task type on the use of communication strategies. Porta Linguarium, 17, 79–93.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kellerman, E. , Ammerlaan, T. , Bongaerts, T. , & Poulisse, N.
    (1990) System and hierarchy in L2 compensatory strategies. In R. C. Scarcella , E. S. Anderson , & S. D. Krashen (Eds.), Developing communicative competence in a second language (pp.163–178). Boston, Massachusetts: Heinle & Heinle.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Klippel, F.
    (1984) Keep talking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Labarca, A. , & Khanji, R.
    (1986) On communication strategies: Focus on interaction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 8, 68–79. doi: 10.1017/S0272263100005842
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100005842 [Google Scholar]
  28. Lafford, B. A.
    (2004) The effect of the context of learning on the use of communication strategies by learners of Spanish as a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 201–225. doi: 10.1017/S0272263104262039
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104262039 [Google Scholar]
  29. Littlemore, J.
    (2001) An empirical study of the relationship between cognitive style and the use of communication strategy. Applied Linguistics, 22(2), 241–265. doi: 10.1093/applin/22.2.241
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/22.2.241 [Google Scholar]
  30. Marsden, E. , & David, A.
    (2008) Vocabulary use during conversation: a cross-sectional study of development from year 9 to year 13 among learners of Spanish and French. Language Learning, 36(2), 181–198. doi: 10.1080/09571730802390031
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571730802390031 [Google Scholar]
  31. Mei, A. , & Nathalang, S. S.
    (2010) Use of communication strategies by Chinese EFL learners. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 33(3), 110–125.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nattinger, J. , & DeCarrico, J.
    (1992) Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. O’Donnell, M.
    (2008) UAM corpus tool. Retrieved fromwww.wagsoft.com/CorpusTool
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Oliva, J. , Ignacio, S. J. , Del Castillo, M. D. , & Iglesias, A.
    (2010) Cognitive modeling of the acquisition of a highly inflected verbal system. In D. D. Salvucci & G. Gunzelmann (Eds.), 10th international conference on cognitive modeling (pp.181–186). Philadelphia: Drexel University.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Palmberg, R.
    (1983) On the use of lexical avoidance strategies in foreign-language communication. InPsycholinguistics and foreign language conference (pp.146–154). Stockholm. Retrieved fromwww.eric.ed.gov
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Paribakht, T.
    (1984) The relationship between the use of communication strategies and aspects of target language: A study of ESL students. Québec: International Centre for Research on Bilingualism.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Peters, A. M.
    (1983) The units of language acquisition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Poulisse, N.
    (1987) Problems and solutions in the classification of compensatory strategies. Second Language Research, 3, 141–153. doi: 10.1177/026765838700300204
    https://doi.org/10.1177/026765838700300204 [Google Scholar]
  39. (1990) Variation in learners’ use of communication strategies. In R. Duda & P. Riley (Eds.), Learning styles: First European seminar (pp.77–87). Nancy: Universitaires de Nancy.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. (1997) Compensatory strategies and the principles of economy and clarity. In G. Kasper & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Communication strategies: Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic Perspectives (pp.49–64). London/New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Poulisse, N. , & Schils, E.
    (1989) The influence of task- and proficiency-related factors on the use of compensatory strategies : A quantitative analysis. Language Learning, 39(1), 15–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑1770.1989.tb00590.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1989.tb00590.x [Google Scholar]
  42. Prebianca Vieira, G. V.
    (2009) Communication strategies and proficiency levels in L2 Speech Production : a systematic relationship. Revista Estudios Linguísitcos, Belo Horizonte, 17(1), 7–50.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Rabab’ah, G. , & Bulut, D.
    (2007) Compensatory strategies in Arabic as a second language. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 43(2), 83–106.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Rabab’ah, G. , & Seedhouse, P.
    (2004) Communication strategies and message transmission with Arab learners of English in Jordan. Annual Review of Education, Communication and Language Sciences. Retrieved fromresearch.ncl.ac.uk/ARECLS/vol1_documents/Ghaleb&Seedhouse/Ghaleb&Seedhouse.htm
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Ruiz-Debbe, L. D.
    (2005) Grammatical development of past tense in learners Spanish as L2: Oral and written productions. In J. Cohen , K. T. McAlister , K. Rolstad , & J. MacSwan (Eds.), 4th international symposium on bilingualism (pp.2005–2019). Somerville: Cascadilla Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Safont Jordá, M. P.
    (2001) An analysis on the use and selection of communication strategies by Catalan/Castilian learners of English. Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, 1(1), 57–72.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Salaberry, M. R.
    (1999) The development of past tense verbal morphology in classroom L2 Spanish. Applied Linguistics, 20(2), 151–178. doi: 10.1093/applin/20.2.151
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/20.2.151 [Google Scholar]
  48. Segalowitz, N. , & Freed, B. F.
    (2004) Context, contact, and cognition in oral fluency acquisition: Learning Spanish in at home and study abroad contexts. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 173–199. doi: 10.1017/S0272263104262027
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104262027 [Google Scholar]
  49. Selinker, L.
    (1972) Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10(3), 209–231.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Tarone, E.
    (1977) Conscious communication strategies in interlanguage: A progress report. In H. D. Brown , C. A. Yorio , & R. C. Crymes (Ed.), 11th annual convention of teachers of English to speakers of other languages (pp.194–203). Washington, D.C.: TESOL.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. (1981) Some thoughts on the notion of communication strategy. Tesol, 15(3), 285–295. doi: 10.2307/3586754
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3586754 [Google Scholar]
  52. Tight, D. G.
    (2006) The relationship between perceived gender in L1 English and grammatical gender in L2 Spanish. In C. A. Klee & T. L. Face (Eds.), 7th conference on the acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as first and second languages (pp.149–160). Somerville: Cascadilla Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Uztosun, M. , & Erten, I.
    (2014) The impact of English proficiency on the use of communication strategies: An interaction-based study in Turkish EFL context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(2), 169–182.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. VanPatten, B.
    (1985) The acquisition of ser and estar by adult learners of Spanish: A preliminary investigation of transitional stages of competence. Hispania, 68(2), 399–406. doi: 10.2307/342218
    https://doi.org/10.2307/342218 [Google Scholar]
  55. Váradi, T.
    (1973) Strategies of target language communication: Message adjustment. InVIth conference of the Romanian-English linguistics project (pp.59–72). Timisoara: IRAL.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Wagner, J. , & Firth, A.
    (1997) Communication strategies at work. In G. Kasper & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Communication strategies: Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (pp.323–344). London/New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Wannaruk, A.
    (2003) Communication strategies employed by EST students. Studies in Language and Language Teaching, 12, 1–18.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Williams, J. , Inscoe, R. , & Tasker, T.
    (1997) Communication strategies in an interactional context: The mutual achievement of comprehension. In G. Kasper & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Communication strategies: Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (pp.304–322). London/New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Woods, D. , & Fassnacht, C.
    (2010) Transana. Madison: The board of tegents of the University of Wisconsin system. Retrieved fromwww.transana.org
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Yang, D. , & Gai, F.
    (2010) Chinese learners’ communication strategies research: A case study at Shandong Jiaotong University. Cross-cultural communication, 6(1), 56–81.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Yule, G. , & Tarone, E.
    (1997) Investigating communication strategies in L2 reference: Pros and cons. In G. Kasper & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Communication strategies: Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (pp.17–30). London/New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/resla.30.1.02ros
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/resla.30.1.02ros
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error