Stance and modals of obligation and necessity in academic writing

References

1. Aull, L. L., & Lancaster, Z.
   (2014) Linguistic markers of stance in early and advanced academic writing: A corpus-based comparison. Written Communication, 31(2), 151–183. 10.1177/0741088314527055
   https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088314527055 [Google Scholar]
2. Biber, D.
   (2006) University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/scl.23
   https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.23 [Google Scholar]
3. Biber, D., & Conrad, S.
   (2019) Register, genre, and style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108686136
   https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108686136 [Google Scholar]
4. Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., Finegan, E., & Quirk, R.
   (1999) Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London: Longman.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Collins, P.
   (2009a) Modals and quasi-modals in English. Amsterdam: Rodopi. 10.1163/9789042029095
   https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042029095 [Google Scholar]
6. Collins, P.
   (2009b) Modals and quasi-modals in world Englishes. World Englishes, 28(3), 281–292. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.2009.01593.x
   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2009.01593.x [Google Scholar]
7. Depraetere, I., & Verhulst, A.
   (2008) Source of modality: A reassessment. English Language & Linguistics, 12(1), 1–25. 10.1017/S1360674307002481
   https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674307002481 [Google Scholar]
8. Gardner, S., & Nesi, H.
   (2013) A classification of genre families in university student writing. Applied Linguistics, 34(1), 1–29. 10.1093/applin/ams024
   https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/ams024 [Google Scholar]
9. Gray, B., & Biber, D.
   (2012) Current conceptions of stance. InK. Hyland & C. S. Guinda (Eds.), Stance and voice in written academic genres (pp.15–33). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137030825_2
   https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137030825_2 [Google Scholar]
10. Halliday, M. A. K.
    (1994) An introduction to functional grammar (2nd ed.). London: Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Hood, S.
    (2004) Managing attitude in undergraduate academic writing: A focus on the introductions to research reports. InL. J. Ravelli & R. A. Ellis (Eds.), Analysing academic writing: Contextualised frameworks, (pp.24–44). London: Continnum.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. K.
    (2002) The Cambridge grammar of English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316423530
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316423530 [Google Scholar]
13. Hyland, K.
    (2005) Stance and engagement: A model of interaction in academic discourse. Discourse Studies, 7(2), 173–192. 10.1177/1461445605050365
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605050365 [Google Scholar]
14. Hyland, K., & Tse, P.
    (2005) Evaluative that constructions: Signalling stance in research abstracts. Functions of Language, 12(1), 39–63. 10.1075/fol.12.1.03hyl
    https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.12.1.03hyl [Google Scholar]
15. Leech, G., Hundt, M., Mair, C., & Smith, N.
    (2009) Change in contemporary English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511642210
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642210 [Google Scholar]
16. Martin, J. R.
    (1984) Language, register and genre. InF. Christie (Ed.), Language studies: Children’s writing: Reader (p.984). Geelong, Australia: Deakin University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Myers, G.
    (1989) The pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles. Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 1–35. 10.1093/applin/10.1.1
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/10.1.1 [Google Scholar]
18. Nesi, H., & Gardner, S.
    (2012) Genres across the disciplines: Student writing in higher education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Nuyts, J.
    (2001) Epistemic modality, language, and conceptualization: A cognitive pragmatic perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/hcp.5
    https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.5 [Google Scholar]
20. Palmer, F. R.
    (1979) Modality and the English modals (1st ed.). London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Rayson, P.
    (2016) Log-likelihood and effect size calculator. Retrieved from: ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html (12March 2018)
22. Scott, M.
    (1996) WordSmith Tools. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Scimago Journal rank
    Scimago Journal rank (2016) Retrieved from: www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php (15October 2017).
24. The ICE Project
    The ICE Project (2009) The design of the ICE corpora. Retrieved from: ice-corpora.net/ice/design.htm (19March 2019).
    [Google Scholar]
25. Verhulst, A., Depraetere, I., & Heyvaert, L.
    (2013) Source and strength of modality: An empirical study of root should, ought to and be supposed to in present-day British English. Journal of Pragmatics, 55, 210–225. 10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.010
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.010 [Google Scholar]
26. Verstraete, J-C.
    (2001) Subjective and objective modality: Interpersonal and ideational functions in the English modal auxiliary system. Journal of Pragmatics, 33, 1505–1528. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(01)00029‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(01)00029-7 [Google Scholar]