1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education
  4. Volume 8, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 8, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2405-5522
  • E-ISSN: 2405-5530
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Phrasal verbs are highly common in informal discourse among native English speakers, yet they pose extraordinary difficulty to second language (L2) English learners. Informed by usage-based theory, this mixed-methods study attempted to determine the relationship between the amount of out-of-class English exposure in study abroad and the phrasal verb knowledge of international adult students in the United Kingdom. It also brought foundation program students (i.e., students in a preparation course for university degrees), a previously under-researched study-abroad population, under the spotlight. One hundred and eighteen foundation program students at a British university completed a modified Language Contact Profile and a productive phrasal verb test. Nine students were interviewed to further unravel how they acquired phrasal verbs via informal language contact. Analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between speaking English with international friends and phrasal verb knowledge. Hierarchical regression identified that overall English proficiency, spoken input contact, and non-interactive language contact were significant predictors of phrasal verb scores. This study points to the importance of having meaningful, emotionally enjoyable, and regular L2 contact to formulaic language competence during study abroad.

© 2023 John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/sar.21040.zho
2023-03-30
2024-12-12

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/sar.21040.zho
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alqarni, I. R.
    (2017) The impact of length of study abroad on collocational knowledge: The case of Saudi students in Australia. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(2), 237–242. 10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.237
     https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.237 [Google Scholar]
  2. Arvidsson, K.
    (2019) Quantity of target language contact in study abroad and knowledge of multiword expressions. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 4(2), 145–167. 10.1075/sar.18001.arv
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.18001.arv [Google Scholar]
  3. Babu, S. R., & Arthy, R.
    (2019) Ordering of food through online – An empirical study among young adults. ICTACT Journal on Management Studies, 5(4), 1089–1094.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Baker-Smemoe, W., Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., & Martinsen, R. A.
    (2014) Variables affecting L2 gains during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 47(3), 464–486. 10.1111/flan.12093
     https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12093 [Google Scholar]
  5. Bardovi-Harlig, K.
    (2009) Conventional expressions as a pragmalinguistic resource: Recognition and production of conventional expressions in L2 pragmatics. Language Learning, 59(4), 755–795. 10.1111/j.1467‑9922.2009.00525.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00525.x [Google Scholar]
  6. Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Bastos, M.-T.
    (2011) Proficiency, length of stay, and intensity of interaction and the acquisition of conventional expressions in L2 pragmatics. Intercultural Pragmatics, 8(3), 347–384. 10.1515/iprg.2011.017
     https://doi.org/10.1515/iprg.2011.017 [Google Scholar]
  7. Beerkens, M., Souto-Otero, M., de Wit, H., & Huisman, J.
    (2016) Similar students and different countries? An analysis of the barriers and drivers for Erasmus participation in seven countries. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(2), 184–204. 10.1177/1028315315595703
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315595703 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bejarano, M., Dewey, D. P., Baker-Smemoe, W., Henrichsen, L. E., & Hall, T.
    (2019) Adult second language learners’ social network development and perceived fluency gain in an intensive English program abroad. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 4(2), 168–192. 10.1075/sar.17012.bej
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.17012.bej [Google Scholar]
  9. Bonk, W. J.
    (2001) Testing ESL learners’ knowledge of collocations. InT. Hudson & J. D. Brown (Eds.), A focus on language test development: Expanding the language proficiency construct across a variety of tests. (pp. 113–142). University of Hawai’i.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Borràs, J., & Llanes, À.
    (2019) Re-examining the impact of study abroad on L2 development: A critical overview. The Language Learning Journal, 49(5), 527–540. 10.1080/09571736.2019.1642941
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2019.1642941 [Google Scholar]
  11. Briggs, J. G.
    (2015a) Out-of-class language contact and vocabulary gain in a study abroad context. System, 531, 129–140. 10.1016/j.system.2015.07.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.07.007 [Google Scholar]
  12. (2015b) A context-specific research tool to probe the out-of-class vocabulary-related strategies of study-abroad learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 25(3), 291–314. 10.1111/ijal.12070
     https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12070 [Google Scholar]
  13. Briggs Baffoe-Djan, J. G., & Zhou, S.
    (2020) Close encounters of the third kind: Quantity, type and quality of language contact during study abroad. InM. Howard (Ed.), Study abroad and the second language learner: Expectations, experiences and development (pp. 69–90). Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Bronshteyn, K. C., & Gustafson, T.
    (2015) The acquisition of phrasal verbs in L2 English: A literature review. Linguistic Portfolios, 4(1), 92–99.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Conroy, M. A.
    (2018) Contextual factors in second language learning in a short-term study abroad programme in Australia. The Language Learning Journal, 46(3), 311–328. 10.1080/09571736.2015.1118643
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2015.1118643 [Google Scholar]
  16. Counsell, D.
    (2011) Chinese students abroad: Why they choose the UK and how they see their future. China: An International Journal, 9(1), 48–71. 10.1353/chn.2011.0009
     https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2011.0009 [Google Scholar]
  17. Crossley, S., & Salsbury, T. L.
    (2011) The development of lexical bundle accuracy and production in English second language speakers. IRAL – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 49(1), 1–26. 10.1515/iral.2011.001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2011.001 [Google Scholar]
  18. Dewey, D. P.
    (2008) Japanese vocabulary acquisition by learners in three contexts. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 151, 127–148. 10.36366/frontiers.v15i1.223
     https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v15i1.223 [Google Scholar]
  19. (2017) Measuring social interaction during study abroad: Quantitative methods and challenges. System, 711, 49–59. 10.1016/j.system.2017.09.026
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.09.026 [Google Scholar]
  20. Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., Baker, W., Martinsen, R. A., Gold, C., & Eggett, D.
    (2014) Language use in six study abroad programs: An exploratory analysis of possible predictors. Language Learning, 64(1), 36–71. 10.1111/lang.12031
     https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12031 [Google Scholar]
  21. Diao, W.
    (2016) Peer socialization into gendered L2 mandarin practices in a study abroad context: Talk in the dorm. Applied Linguistics, 37(5), 599–620. 10.1093/applin/amu053
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu053 [Google Scholar]
  22. Di Silvio, F., Donovan, A., & Malone, M. E.
    (2014) The effect of study abroad homestay placements: Participant perspectives and oral proficiency gains. Foreign Language Annals, 47(1), 168–188. 10.1111/flan.12064
     https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12064 [Google Scholar]
  23. Dörnyei, Z., Durow, V., & Zahran, K.
    (2004) Individual differences and their effects on formulaic sequence acquisition. InN. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing and use (pp. 87–106). John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.9.06dor
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.9.06dor [Google Scholar]
  24. Durbidge, L.
    (2019) Technology and L2 engagement in study abroad: Enabler or immersion breaker?System, 801, 224–234. 10.1016/j.system.2018.12.004
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2018.12.004 [Google Scholar]
  25. Durrant, P., & Schmitt, N.
    (2010) Adult learners’ retention of collocations from exposure. Second Language Research, 26(2), 163–188. 10.1177/0267658309349431
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658309349431 [Google Scholar]
  26. Ellis, N. C.
    (1996) Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(1), 91–126. 10.1017/S0272263100014698
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100014698 [Google Scholar]
  27. (2002) Frequency effects in language processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24(2), 143–188. 10.1017/S0272263102002024
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263102002024 [Google Scholar]
  28. Fernández, G. B., & Schmitt, N.
    (2015) How much collocation knowledge do L2 learners have?: The effects of frequency and amount of exposure. ITL – International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 166(1), 94–126. 10.1075/itl.166.1.03fer
     https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.166.1.03fer [Google Scholar]
  29. Fernández, J., & Gates Tapia, A. M.
    (2016) An appraisal of the Language Contact Profile as a tool to research local engagement in study abroad. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 1(2), 248–276. 10.1075/sar.1.2.05fer
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.1.2.05fer [Google Scholar]
  30. Fitzpatrick, T.
    (2012) Tracking the changes: Vocabulary acquisition in the study abroad context. The Language Learning Journal, 40(1), 81–98. 10.1080/09571736.2012.658227
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2012.658227 [Google Scholar]
  31. Foster, P.
    (2009) Lexical diversity and native-like selection: The bonus of studying abroad. InB. Richards, M. H. Daller, D. D. Malvern, P. Meara, J. Milton, & J. Treffers-Daller (Eds.), Vocabulary studies in first and second language acquisition: The interface between theory and application (pp. 91–106). Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230242258_6
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230242258_6 [Google Scholar]
  32. Freed, B. F., Dewey, D. P., Segalowitz, N., & Halter, R.
    (2004) The language contact profile. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26(02), 349–356. 10.1017/S027226310426209X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S027226310426209X [Google Scholar]
  33. Gardner, D., & Davies, M.
    (2007) Pointing out frequent phrasal verbs: A corpus-based analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 339–359. 10.1002/j.1545‑7249.2007.tb00062.x
     https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00062.x [Google Scholar]
  34. (2018) Sorting them all out: Exploring the separable phrasal verbs of English. System, 761, 197–209. 10.1016/j.system.2018.06.009
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2018.06.009 [Google Scholar]
  35. Garnier, M., & Schmitt, N.
    (2015) The PHaVE List: A pedagogical list of phrasal verbs and their most frequent meaning senses. Language Teaching Research, 19(6), 645–666. 10.1177/1362168814559798
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814559798 [Google Scholar]
  36. (2016) Picking up polysemous phrasal verbs: How many do learners know and what facilitates this knowledge?System, 591, 29–44. 10.1016/j.system.2016.04.004
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.04.004 [Google Scholar]
  37. Hardison, D. M.
    (2014) Changes in second-language learners’ oral skills and socio-affective profiles following study abroad: A mixed-methods approach. Canadian Modern Language Review, 70(4), 415–444. 10.3138/cmlr.2202
     https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.2202 [Google Scholar]
  38. Henriksen, B.
    (2013) Research on L2 learners’ collocational competence and development – a progress report. InC. Bardel, C. Lindqvist, & B. Laufer (Eds.), L2 vocabulary acquisition, knowledge and use: New perspectives on assessment and corpus analysis (pp. 29–56). John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Hernández, T. A.
    (2010) The relationship among motivation, interaction, and the development of second language oral proficiency in a study-abroad context. The Modern Language Journal, 94(4), 600–617. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2010.01053.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2010.01053.x [Google Scholar]
  40. Hirakawa, M., Shibuya, M., & Endo, M.
    (2018) Explicit instruction, input flood or study abroad: Which helps Japanese learners of English acquire adjective ordering?Language Teaching Research, 23(2), 158–178. 10.1177/1362168817752377
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168817752377 [Google Scholar]
  41. Ife, A.
    (2000) Language learning and residence abroad: How self-directed are students?The Language Learning Journal, 22(1), 30–37. 10.1080/09571730085200221
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571730085200221 [Google Scholar]
  42. Ife, A., Vives Boix, G., & Meara, P.
    (2000) The impact of study abroad on vocabulary development among different proficiency groups. Spanish Applied Linguistics, 41, 55–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Isabelli-García, C. L.
    (2006) Study abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: Implications for second language acquisition. InM. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 231–358). Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781853598531‑013
     https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853598531-013 [Google Scholar]
  44. Isabelli-García, C. L., Bown, J., Plews, J. L., & Dewey, D. P.
    (2018) Language learning and study abroad. Language Teaching, 51(4), 439–484. 10.1017/S026144481800023X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144481800023X [Google Scholar]
  45. Jiménez, A. F. J.
    (2010) A comparative study on second language vocabulary development: Study abroad vs classroom settings. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 191, 105–123. 10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.276
     https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.276 [Google Scholar]
  46. Kinginger, C.
    (2008) Language learning in study abroad: Case studies of Americans in France. The Modern Language Journal, 92(s1), 1–124. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2008.00821.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00821.x [Google Scholar]
  47. (2011) Enhancing language learning in study abroad. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 311, 58–73. 10.1017/S0267190511000031
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190511000031 [Google Scholar]
  48. Kinginger, C., & Blattner, G.
    (2009) Histories of engagement and sociolinguistic awareness in study abroad: Colloquial French. InL. Ortega & H. Byrnes (Eds.), The longitudinal study of advanced L2 capacities (pp. 223–246). Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Köylü, Z.
    (2016) The influence of context on L2 development: The case of Turkish undergraduates at home and abroad [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida].
  50. (2023) The ERASMUS sojourn: Does the destination country or pre-departure proficiency impact oral proficiency gains?The Language Learning Journal, 51(1), 48–60. 10.1080/09571736.2021.1930112
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2021.1930112 [Google Scholar]
  51. Leonard, K. R., & Shea, C. E.
    (2017) L2 speaking development during study abroad: Fluency, accuracy, complexity, and underlying cognitive factors. The Modern Language Journal, 101(1), 179–193. 10.1111/modl.12382
     https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12382 [Google Scholar]
  52. Li, J., & Schmitt, N.
    (2010) The development of collocations use in academic texts by advanced L2 learners: A multiple case study approach. InD. Wood (Ed.), Perspectives on Formulaic Language: Acquisition and Communication (pp. 23–46). Continuum.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Liu, D.
    (2011) The most frequently used English phrasal verbs in American and British English: A multicorpus examination. TESOL Quarterly, 45(4), 661–688. 10.5054/tq.2011.247707
     https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2011.247707 [Google Scholar]
  54. Llanes, À.
    (2011) The many faces of study abroad: An update on the research on L2 gains emerged during a study abroad experience. International Journal of Multilingualism, 8(3), 189–215. 10.1080/14790718.2010.550297
     https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2010.550297 [Google Scholar]
  55. Macis, M., & Schmitt, N.
    (2017) Not just ‘small potatoes’: Knowledge of the idiomatic meanings of collocations. Language Teaching Research, 21(3), 321–340. 10.1177/1362168816645957
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816645957 [Google Scholar]
  56. Magnan, S. S., & Back, M.
    (2007) Social interaction and linguistic gain during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 40(1), 43–61. 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2007.tb02853.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02853.x [Google Scholar]
  57. Martinsen, R. A., Baker, W., Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., & Johnson, C.
    (2010) Exploring diverse settings for language acquisition and use: Comparing study abroad, service learning abroad, and foreign language housing. Applied Language Learning, 201, 45–69.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. McCormick, T.
    (2018) Psycholinguistic, cognitive and usage-based approaches to study abroad research. InC. Sanz & A. Morales-Front (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice (pp. 36–47). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315639970‑2
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315639970-2 [Google Scholar]
  59. McManus, K.
    (2019) Relationships between social networks and language development during study abroad. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 32(3), 270–284. 10.1080/07908318.2019.1661683
     https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2019.1661683 [Google Scholar]
  60. McManus, K., Mitchell, R., & Tracy-Ventura, N.
    (2014) Understanding insertion and integration in a study abroad context: The case of English-speaking sojourners in France. Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée, 19(2), 97–116. 10.3917/rfla.192.0097
     https://doi.org/10.3917/rfla.192.0097 [Google Scholar]
  61. Milton, J., & Meara, P.
    (1995) How periods abroad affect vocabulary growth in a foreign language. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 107–1081, 17–34. 10.1075/itl.107‑108.02mil
     https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.107-108.02mil [Google Scholar]
  62. Mitchell, R.
    (2015) The development of social relations during residence abroad. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 9(1), 22–33. 10.1080/17501229.2014.995762
     https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2014.995762 [Google Scholar]
  63. Mora, J. C.
    (2008) Learning context effects on the acquisition of a second language phonology. InC. Pérez Vidal, M. Juan-Garau, & A. Bel (Eds.), A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain (pp. 241–263). Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Odlin, T.
    (2003) Cross-linguistic influence. InC. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 436–486). Wiley. 10.1002/9780470756492.ch15
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756492.ch15 [Google Scholar]
  65. Pellegrino-Aveni
    Pellegrino-Aveni (2005) Study abroad and second language use: Constructing the self. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511620584
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620584 [Google Scholar]
  66. Pizziconi, B.
    (2017) Japanese vocabulary development in and beyond study abroad: The timing of the year abroad in a language degree curriculum. The Language Learning Journal, 45(2), 133–152. 10.1080/09571736.2013.786119
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2013.786119 [Google Scholar]
  67. Sanz, C., & Morales-Front, A.
    (2018) Introduction: Issues in study abroad research and practice. InC. Sanz & A. Morales-Front (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice (pp. 1–16). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315639970
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315639970 [Google Scholar]
  68. Schmitt, N.
    (2004) Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing and use. John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.9
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.9 [Google Scholar]
  69. (2014) Size and depth of vocabulary knowledge: What the research shows. Language Learning, 64(4), 913–951. 10.1111/lang.12077
     https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12077 [Google Scholar]
  70. Schmitt, N., & Redwood, S.
    (2011) Learner knowledge of phrasal verbs: A corpus-informed study. InF. Meunier, S. De Cock, G. Gilquin, & M. Paquot (Eds.), Studies in Corpus Linguistics (pp. 173–208). John Benjamins. 10.1075/scl.45.12sch
     https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.45.12sch [Google Scholar]
  71. Serrano, R., Llanes, À., & Tragant, E.
    (2016) Examining L2 development in two short-term intensive programs for teenagers: Study abroad vs. “at home.” System, 571, 43–54. 10.1016/j.system.2016.01.003
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.01.003 [Google Scholar]
  72. Siyanova-Chanturia, A., & Pellicer-Sánchez, A.
    (2018) Formulaic language: Setting the scene. InA. Siyanova-Chanturia & A. Pellicer-Sánchez (Eds.), Understanding formulaic language: A second language acquisition perspective (pp. 1–17). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315206615‑1
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206615-1 [Google Scholar]
  73. Study International
    Study International (2018) Which country is home to the largest international student population?https://www.studyinternational.com/news/country-home-largest-international-student-population/
  74. Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L.
    (2013) Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Taguchi, N., Li, S., & Xiao, F.
    (2013) Production of formulaic expressions in L2 Chinese: A developmental investigation in a study abroad context. Chinese as a Second Language Research, 2(1), 23–58. 10.1515/caslar‑2013‑0021
     https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2013-0021 [Google Scholar]
  76. Tracy-Ventura, N.
    (2017) Combining corpora and experimental data to investigate language learning during residence abroad: A study of lexical sophistication. System, 711, 35–45. 10.1016/j.system.2017.09.022
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.09.022 [Google Scholar]
  77. Waibel, B.
    (2007) Phrasal verbs in learner English: A corpus-based study of German and Italian students [Doctoral dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs Universität].
  78. Wilkinson, S.
    (2002) The omnipresent classroom during summer study abroad: American students in conversation with their French hosts. The Modern Language Journal, 86(2), 157–173. 10.1111/1540‑4781.00142
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4781.00142 [Google Scholar]
  79. Wray, A.
    (2013) Formulaic language. Language Teaching, 46(03), 316–334. 10.1017/S0261444813000013
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444813000013 [Google Scholar]
  80. Wright, C., & Schartner, A.
    (2013) ‘I can’t … I won’t?’ International students at the threshold of social interaction. Journal of Research in International Education, 12(2), 113–128. 10.1177/1475240913491055
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240913491055 [Google Scholar]
  81. Wulff, S.
    (2018) Acquisition of formulaic language from a usage-based perspective. InA. Siyanova-Chanturia & A. Pellicer-Sánchez (Eds.), Understanding formulaic language: A second language acquisition perspective (pp. 19–37). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315206615‑2
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206615-2 [Google Scholar]
  82. Xie, Y., & Liu, Y.
    (2021) Who do you hang out with?: How Chinese students’ social networks relate to their perceived oral proficiency gains during study abroad experiences. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 6(1), 59–90. 10.1075/sar.18014.xie
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.18014.xie [Google Scholar]
  83. Zaytseva, V., Pérez-Vidal, C., & Miralpeix, I.
    (2018) Vocabulary acquisition during study abroad: A comprehensive review of research. InC. Sanz & A. Morales-Front (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice (pp. 210–224). Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.21040.zho
Loading
“You just picked it up”
Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 8, 142 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.21040.zho
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.21040.zho
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.21040.zho
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): formulaic language; informal language contact; phrasal verbs; usage-based theory; vocabulary

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error