1887
image of Words worth noticing

Abstract

Abstract

We use guided language learning journals written in second language (L2) German by Canadian undergraduates while studying in Germany and apply structural linguistic analyses and Cognitive Discourse Analysis to examine lexical items students attend to and, drawing on Bloom’s taxonomy, trace their learning process through their narrative language use. We show that lexical acquisition in study abroad is diverse and complex, observing a preference for meaning over function, and attention to items that were highly specialized or personally meaningful. Students also engaged in what we call private languaging in a safe environment serving to engage language to think through and construct meanings as planning for future interaction. We shed light on the process of language development during study abroad, refine quantitative understandings of L2 gains in previous studies through our qualitative approach, and expand our knowledge of how to assist learners to optimize the personal linguistic benefits of studying abroad.

Available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/sar.23001.fed
2024-08-29
2024-09-15
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/10.1075/sar.23001.fed/sar.23001.fed.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/sar.23001.fed&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R.
    (Eds.) (2001) A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing. A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anya, U.
    (2017) Racialized identities in second language learning: Speaking blackness in Brazil. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bloom, B. S.
    (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives, handbook I: The cognitive domain. David McKay.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Böcker, J., & Kleppin, K.
    (2017) Das Lernerlogbuch in den binationalen Kursen des Deutsch-Französischen Jugendwerks (DFJW). InJ. Böcker, M. Ciekanski, M. Cravageot, A. Jardin, K. Kleppin, & K.-U. Lipp (Eds.), Kompetenzentwicklung durch das Lernen im Tandem: Akteure, Ressourcen, Ausbildung. Eine deutsch-französische Studie (pp.–). Deutsch-Französisches Jugendwerk.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bown, J., Dewey, D., & Belnap, R. K.
    (2015) Student interactions during study abroad in Jordan. InR. Mitchell, N. Tracy-Ventura, & K. McManus (Eds.), Social interaction, identity, and language learning during residence abroad (pp.–). EUROSLA. www.eurosla.org/monographs/EM04/EM04tot.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Briggs, J. G.
    (2015) A context-specific research tool to probe the out-of-class vocabulary-related strategies of study-abroad learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, (), –. 10.1111/ijal.12070
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12070 [Google Scholar]
  7. Briggs Baffoe-Djan, J., & Zhou, S.
    (2021) Close encounters of the third kind: quantity, type and quality of language contact during study abroad. InM. Howard (Ed.), Study abroad and the second language learner: Expectations, experiences and development (pp.–). Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350104228.ch‑004
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350104228.ch-004 [Google Scholar]
  8. Carroll, J. B.
    (1967) Foreign language proficiency levels attained by language majors near graduation from college. Foreign Language Annals, (), –. 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.1967.tb00127.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1967.tb00127.x [Google Scholar]
  9. Davie, J.
    (1996) Language skills, course development and the year abroad. The Language Learning Journal, (), –. 10.1080/09571739685200221
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571739685200221 [Google Scholar]
  10. DeKeyser, R.
    (1991) Foreign language development during a semester abroad. InB. Freed (Ed.), Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom (pp.–). D.C. Heath.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. (2007) Study abroad as foreign language practice. InR. DeKeyser. (Ed.), Practice in a second language: Perspectives from applied linguistics and cognitive psychology (pp.–). Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511667275.012
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667275.012 [Google Scholar]
  12. (2010) Monitoring processes in Spanish as a second language during a study abroad program. Foreign Language Annals, (), –. 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2010.01061.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01061.x [Google Scholar]
  13. (2014) Research on language development during study abroad: Methodological considerations and future perspectives. InC. Pérez-Vidal (Ed.), Language acquisition in study abroad and formal instruction contexts (pp.–). John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dewey, D.
    (2007) Japanese vocabulary acquisition by learners in three contexts. Frontiers, (), –. 10.36366/frontiers.v15i1.223
    https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v15i1.223 [Google Scholar]
  15. Diao, W.
    (2016) Peer socialization into gendered L2 Mandarin language practices in a study abroad context: Talk in the dorm. Applied Linguistics, (), –. 10.1093/applin/amu053
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu053 [Google Scholar]
  16. Duden
    Duden. (n.d. a). Duden. https://www.duden.de/
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Duden
    Duden. (n.d. b). Häufigkeit. https://www.duden.de/hilfe/haeufigkeit
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Duden
    Duden (n.d. c). Die Verteilung der Wortarten im Rechtschreibduden. https://www.duden.de/sprachwissen/sprachratgeber/Die-Verteilung-der-Wortarten-im-Rechtschreibduden
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Duden
    Duden (n.d. d). Das Dudenkorpus. https://www.duden.de/ueber_duden/Partner
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Duden [Google Scholar]
  21. Feddersen, R.
    (2024) In the margins: German language varieties in L2 German textbooks. Criticial Multilingualism Studies, (), –. https://cms.arizona.edu/index.php/multilingual/article/view/275
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Foster, P.
    (2009) Lexical diversity and native-like selection: The bonus of studying abroad. InB. Richards, M. H. Daller, D. D. Malvern, P. Meara, J. Milton, & J. Treffers-Daller (Eds.), Vocabulary studies in first and second language acquisition (pp.–). Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230242258_6
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230242258_6 [Google Scholar]
  23. Fraser, C.
    (2002) Study abroad: An attempt to measure the gains. German as a Foreign Language Journal, , –.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Freed, B. F.
    (1995) Language learning and study abroad. InB. F. Freed, (Ed.), Second language acquisition in a study abroad context (pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/sibil.9.03fre
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.9.03fre [Google Scholar]
  25. Freed, B. F., Segalowitz, N., & Dewey, D.
    (2004) Context of learning and second language fluency in French: Comparing regular classroom, study abroad, and intensive domestic immersion programs. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, (), –. 10.1017/S0272263104262064
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104262064 [Google Scholar]
  26. Gautier, R., & Chevrot, J.
    (2015) Acquisition of sociolinguistic variation in a study abroad context: The impact of social network. InR. Mitchell, N. Tracy-Ventura, & K. McManus (Eds.), Social interaction, identity and language learning during residence abroad (pp.–), EUROSLA. www.eurosla.org/monographs/EM04/EM04tot.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Glaboniat, M., Müller, M., Rusch, P., Schmitz, H., & Wertenschlag, L.
    (2017) Profile deutsch. Gemeinsamer europäischer Referenzrahmen. Ernst Klett Sprachen.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Hägi, S.
    (2006) Nationale Varietäten im Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Peter Lang.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ife, A., Vives Boix, G., & Meara, P.
    (2000) The impact of study abroad on the vocabulary development of different proficiency groups. Spanish Applied Linguistics, (), –. 10.1007/978‑3‑030‑25157‑4_4
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25157-4_4 [Google Scholar]
  30. Jiménez Jiménez, A. F.
    (2010) A comparative study on second language vocabulary development: Study abroad vs. classroom settings. Frontiers, (), –. 10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.276
    https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.276 [Google Scholar]
  31. Jones, R. H.
    (2012) Discourse analysis. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lantolf, J., & Genung, P.
    (2002) “I’d rather switch than fight”: An activity-theoretic study of power, success, and failure in a foreign language. InC. Kramsch (Ed.), Language acquisition and language socialization. Ecological perspectives (pp.–). Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Lantolf, J., & Thorne, S.
    (2006) Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Leipzig Corpora Collection
    Leipzig Corpora Collection (2018) Leipzig Corpora Collection: German news corpus based on material crawled in 2018. Dataset. https://corpora.uni-leipzig.de?corpusId=deu_newscrawl-public_2018
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Lennon, P.
    (1990) The advanced learner at large in the L2 community: Developments in spoken performance. IRAL, (), –. 10.1515/iral.1990.28.4.309
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.1990.28.4.309 [Google Scholar]
  36. Leonard, K. R., & Shea, C. E.
    (2017) L2 speaking development during study abroad: Fluency, accuracy, complexity, and underlying cognitive factors. The Modern Language Journal, (), –. 10.1111/modl.12382
    https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12382 [Google Scholar]
  37. Llanes, À., Arnó, E., & Mancho-Barés, G.
    (2016) Erasmus students using English as a lingua franca: Does study abroad in a non-English speaking country improve L2 English?The Language Learning Journal, (), –. 10.1080/09571736.2016.1198099
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2016.1198099 [Google Scholar]
  38. Long, M. H.
    (1991) Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology. InK. de Bot, R. Ginsberg, & C. Kramsch (Eds.), Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective (pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/sibil.2.07lon
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.2.07lon [Google Scholar]
  39. (1996) The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. InW. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp.–). Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. McGregor, J.
    (2012) On community participation and identity negotiation in a study abroad context: A multiple case study. [Doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State University].
  41. McManus, K., Mitchell, R., & Tracy-Ventura, N.
    (2021) A longitudinal study of advanced learners’ linguistic development before, during, and after study abroad. Applied Linguistics, (), –. 10.1093/applin/amaa003
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaa003 [Google Scholar]
  42. Mitchell, R., Myles, F., & Marsden, E.
    (2013) Second language learning theories (3rd ed.). Routledge. 10.4324/9780203770795
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203770795 [Google Scholar]
  43. Milton, J., & Meara, P.
    (1995) How periods abroad affect vocabulary growth in foreign language. ITL Review of Applied Linguistics, (), –. 10.1075/itl.107‑108.02mil
    https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.107-108.02mil [Google Scholar]
  44. Park, E. S., & Han, Z.-H.
    (2008) Learner spontaneous attention in L2 input processing: An exploratory study. InZ.-H. Han (Ed.), Understanding second language process (pp.–). Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Pellegrino Aveni, V.
    (2005) Study abroad and second language use. Constructing the self. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511620584
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620584 [Google Scholar]
  46. Pérez-Vidal, C.
    (Ed.) (2014) Language acquisition in study abroad and formal instruction contexts. John Benjamins. 10.1075/aals.13
    https://doi.org/10.1075/aals.13 [Google Scholar]
  47. Pérez-Vidal, C., Juan-Garau, M., Mora, J. C., & Valls-Ferrer, M.
    (2012) Oral and written development in formal instruction and study abroad: Differential effects of learning context. InC. Muñoz (Ed.), Intensive exposure experiences in second language learning (pp.–). Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847698063‑013
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847698063-013 [Google Scholar]
  48. Plews, J. L., & Misfeldt, K.
    (2016, July19–22). Reviewing language learning journals in study abroad, or engaging students’ language awareness [Presentation]. 13th International Conference of the Association of Language Awareness. Vienna, Austria.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Plews, J. L., Misfeldt, K., & Feddersen, R.
    (2023) Diaries and journals in study abroad research. InC. Pérez-Vidal & C. Sanz. (Eds.), Methods in study abroad research. Past, present, and future (pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/rmal.4.05ple
    https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.4.05ple [Google Scholar]
  50. Plews, J. L., Misfeldt, K., & Kirumira, F.
    (2018) Student awareness of teaching and learning approaches in second language study abroad. InJ. L. Plews & K. Misfeldt (Eds.), Second language study abroad programming, pedagogy, and participant engagement (pp.–). Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑77134‑2_5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77134-2_5 [Google Scholar]
  51. Polanyi, L.
    (1995) Language learning and living abroad: Stories from the field. InB. F. Freed (Ed.), Second language acquisition in a study abroad context (pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/sibil.9.17pol
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.9.17pol [Google Scholar]
  52. Quan, T.
    (2019) Competing identities, shifting investments, and L2 speaking during study abroad. L2 Journal, (), –. 10.5070/L20038633
    https://doi.org/10.5070/L20038633 [Google Scholar]
  53. Ranta, L., & Meckelborg, A.
    (2013) How much exposure to English do international graduate students really get? Measuring language use in a naturalistic setting. Canadian Modern Language Review / La revue canadienne des langues vivantes, (), –. 10.3138/cmlr.987
    https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.987 [Google Scholar]
  54. Schmidt, R. W.
    (1990) The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, (), –. 10.1093/applin/11.2.129
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/11.2.129 [Google Scholar]
  55. Schmidt-Rinehart, B. C., & Knight, S. M.
    (2004) The homestay component of study abroad: Three perspectives. Foreign Language Annals, (), –. 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2004.tb02198.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02198.x [Google Scholar]
  56. Segalowitz, N., & Freed, B. F.
    (2004) Context, contact, and cognition in oral fluency acquisition: Learning Spanish in at home and study abroad contexts. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, (), –. 10.1017/S0272263104262027
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104262027 [Google Scholar]
  57. Serrano, R., Tragant, E., & Llanes, À.
    (2012) A longitudinal analysis of the effects of one year abroad. Canadian Modern Language Review / La revue canadienne des langues vivantes, (), –. 10.3138/cmlr.68.2.138
    https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.68.2.138 [Google Scholar]
  58. Shively, R. L.
    (2013) Learning to be funny in Spanish during study abroad: L2 humor development. The Modern Language Journal, (), –. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2013.12043.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12043.x [Google Scholar]
  59. Swain, M.
    (2000) The output hypothesis and beyond: Mediating acquisition through collaborative dialogue. InJ. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp.–). Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. (2005) The output hypothesis: Theory and research. InE. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp.–). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. (2006) Languaging, agency and collaboration in advanced second language proficiency. InH. Byrnes (Ed.), Advanced language learning: The contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky (pp.–). Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Taguchi, N.
    (2018) Contexts and pragmatics learning: Problems and opportunities of the study abroad research. Language Teaching, (), –. 10.1017/S0261444815000440
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444815000440 [Google Scholar]
  63. Taguchi, N., & Collentine, J.
    (2018) Language learning in a study-abroad context: Research agenda. Language Teaching, (), –. 10.1017/S0261444818000265
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000265 [Google Scholar]
  64. Tenbrink, T.
    (2020) Cognitive discourse analysis: An introduction. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108525176
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108525176 [Google Scholar]
  65. Tracy-Ventura, N.
    (2017) Combining corpora and experimental data to investigate language learning during residence abroad: A study of lexical sophistication. System, , –. 10.1016/j.system.2017.09.022
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.09.022 [Google Scholar]
  66. Williams, J.
    (1999) Learner-generated attention to form. Language Learning, , –. 10.1111/0023‑8333.00103
    https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00103 [Google Scholar]
  67. Zaytseva, V.
    (2016) Vocabulary acquisition in study abroad and formal instruction: An investigation on oral and written lexical development. [Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra].
  68. Zaytseva, V., Pérez-Vidal, C., & Miralpeix, I.
    (2018) Vocabulary acquisition during study abroad: A comprehensive review of the research. InC. Sanz & A. Morales-Front (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice (pp.–). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.23001.fed
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.23001.fed
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error