1887
Volume 11, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2405-5522
  • E-ISSN: 2405-5530
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

In light of increasing internationalization and diversity in German higher education (HE), the key role of language proficiency in social and academic adaptation has been widely recognized. Acknowledging international students’ pro-active role in their language learning pathways, our study explored students’ language learning agency in German HE. Drawing on Bandura’s (1999, 2006, 2008) model of triadic reciprocal causation, we employed a qualitative approach to examine the interplay between personal factors, environment, and language learning behavior. Furthermore, we evaluated the practical applicability of Bandura’s theoretical model for studying the agentic behavior in a real-world setting. Our findings demonstrate its usefulness as an analytical lens, revealing that language learning agency is strongly shaped by the individual’s perception of the three factors. Insights from our study not only enhance our understanding of international students’ role in shaping their language learning pathways but also highlight the relevance of institutional offerings, their accessibility, and significant others.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/sar.24003.vah
2025-09-01
2026-03-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Allen, H.
    (2010) Interactive contact as linguistic affordance during short-term study abroad: Myth or reality?Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 19(1), 1–26. 10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.271
    https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.271 [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrade, M. S.
    (2006) International students in English-speaking universities: Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131–154. 10.1177/1475240906065589
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240906065589 [Google Scholar]
  3. Aronin, L., & Singleton, D.
    (2012) Affordances theory in multilingualism studies. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(3), 311–331. 10.14746/ssllt.2012.2.3.3
    https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2012.2.3.3 [Google Scholar]
  4. Bandura, A.
    (1986) Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. (1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. (1999) Social Cognitive Theory of personality. InL. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp.154–196). The Guilford Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. (2001) Social Cognitive Theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1–26. 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1 [Google Scholar]
  8. (2006) Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164–180. 10.1111/j.1745‑6916.2006.00011.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x [Google Scholar]
  9. (2008) Reconstrual of “free will” from the agentic perspective of Social Cognitive Theory. InJ. Baer, J. C. Kaufman, & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Are we free? Psychology and free will (pp.86–127). Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189636.003.0006
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189636.003.0006 [Google Scholar]
  10. (2012) Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness. InE. A. Locke (Ed.), Handbook of principles of organizational behavior (pp.179–200). Wiley. 10.1002/9781119206422.ch10
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119206422.ch10 [Google Scholar]
  11. Bergman, Z., Bergman, M. M., & Thatcher, A.
    (2019) Agency and Bandura’s model of triadic reciprocal causation: An exploratory mobility study among Metrorail commuters in the Western Cape, South Africa. Frontiers in Psychology, 101. 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00411
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00411 [Google Scholar]
  12. Braun, V., & Clarke, V.
    (2013) Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. SAGE Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Coleman, J. A.
    (2013) Researching whole people and whole lives. InC. Kinginger (Ed.), Social and cultural aspects of language learning in study abroad (pp.17–44). John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.37.02col
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.37.02col [Google Scholar]
  14. Devlin, A. M., & Magliacane, A.
    (2022) Study abroad in the time of COVID: (Re)shaping language learning affordances. Journal of International Mobility, 10(1), 55–75. 10.3917/jim.010.0055
    https://doi.org/10.3917/jim.010.0055 [Google Scholar]
  15. Devlin, A. M., & Tyne, H.
    (2021) Retelling immersion in France: Opportunities and affordances in language use. InR. Mitchell & H. Tyne (Eds.), Language, mobility and study abroad in the contemporary European context (pp.64–78). Routledge. 10.4324/9781003087953‑6
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003087953-6 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dresing, T., & Pehl, T.
    (2015) Manual (on) transcription: Transcription conventions, software guides and practical hints for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Dr. Dresing & Pehl GmbH. www.audiotranskription.de/english/transcription-practicalguide.htm
    [Google Scholar]
  17. EUROSTAT
    EUROSTAT (2024) Mobile students from abroad enrolled by education level, sex and field of education [Data set]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/educ_uoe_mobs01/default/table
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Fandrych, C., & Müller, E.
    (2019) Deutsch in der Hochschullehre der deutschsprachigen Länder. InU. Ammon & G. Schmidt (Eds.), Förderung der deutschen Sprache weltweit (pp.291–316). De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110479232‑018
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110479232-018 [Google Scholar]
  19. Gao, X.
    (2010) Strategic language learning: The roles of agency and context. Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847692450
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847692450 [Google Scholar]
  20. Huang, J., & Benson, P.
    (2013) Autonomy, agency and identity in foreign and second language education. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 36(1), 7–28. 10.1515/cjal‑2013‑0002
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2013-0002 [Google Scholar]
  21. Inouye, K., Lee, S., & Oldac, Y. I.
    (2023) A systematic review of student agency in international higher education. Higher Education, 86(3), 891–911. 10.1007/s10734‑022‑00952‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00952-3 [Google Scholar]
  22. Jing, X., Ghosh, R., Sun, Z., & Liu, Q.
    (2020) Mapping global research related to international students: A scientometric review. Higher Education, 80(3), 415–433. 10.1007/s10734‑019‑00489‑y
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00489-y [Google Scholar]
  23. Kashiwa, M., & Benson, P.
    (2018) A road and a forest: Conceptions of in-class and out-of-class learning in the transition to study abroad. TESOL Quarterly, 52(4), 725–747. 10.1002/tesq.409
    https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.409 [Google Scholar]
  24. Kordt, B.
    (2018) Affordance theory and multiple language learning and teaching. International Journal of Multilingualism, 15(2), 135–148. 10.1080/14790718.2016.1223081
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.1223081 [Google Scholar]
  25. Kuckartz, U., & Rädiker, S.
    (2020) Fokussierte Interviewanalyse mit MAXQDA: Schritt für Schritt. Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑658‑31468‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31468-2 [Google Scholar]
  26. Larsen-Freeman, D.
    (2019) On language learner agency: A complex dynamic systems theory perspective. The Modern Language Journal, 1031, 61–79. 10.1111/modl.12536
    https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12536 [Google Scholar]
  27. Lipura, S. J., & Collins, F. L.
    (2020) Towards an integrative understanding of contemporary educational mobilities: A critical agenda for international student mobilities research. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 18(3), 343–359. 10.1080/14767724.2020.1711710
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2020.1711710 [Google Scholar]
  28. Morris-Lange, S.
    (2017) Allein durch den Hochschuldschungel: Hürden zum Studienerfolg für internationale Studierende und Studierende mit Migrationshintergrund. Sachverständigenrat deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration. https://www.svr-migration.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/SVR_FB_Hochschuldschungel-8.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  29. OECD
    OECD (2022) International migration outlook 2022. OECD Publishing. 10.1787/30fe16d2‑en
    https://doi.org/10.1787/30fe16d2-en [Google Scholar]
  30. Page, A. G., & Chahboun, S.
    (2019) Emerging empowerment of international students: How international student literature has shifted to include the students’ voices. Higher Education, 78(5), 871–885. 10.1007/s10734‑019‑00375‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00375-7 [Google Scholar]
  31. Pineda, J., Kercher, J., Falk, S., Thies, T., Yildirim, H. H., & Zimmermann, J.
    (2022) Internationale Studierende in Deutschland zum Studienerfolg begleiten: Ergebnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen aus dem SeSaBa-Projekt. Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD). 10.46685/DAADStudien.2022.01
    https://doi.org/10.46685/DAADStudien.2022.01 [Google Scholar]
  32. Ponton, M. K., & Carr, P. B.
    (2012) Autonomous learning and triadic reciprocal causation: A theoretical discussion. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 9(1), 1–10. https://www.sdlglobal.com/_files/ugd/dfdeaf_b0a7d89a56404f6cbca26157a3c1bdaf.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rienties, B., Beausaert, S., Grohnert, T., Niemantsverdriet, S., & Kommers, P.
    (2012) Understanding academic performance of international students: The role of ethnicity, academic and social integration. Higher Education, 63(6), 685–700. 10.1007/s10734‑011‑9468‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-011-9468-1 [Google Scholar]
  34. Tweed, A. D., & Reinders, H.
    (2023) Agency and affordances in study abroad. Education Sciences, 13(4). 10.3390/educsci13040327
    https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040327 [Google Scholar]
  35. van Lier, L.
    (Ed.) (2004) The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A sociocultural perspective. Springer Dordrecht. 10.1007/1‑4020‑7912‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7912-5 [Google Scholar]
  36. VERBI Software
    VERBI Software (2020) MAXQDA 2020 (Version 2020) [Computer software]. VERBI Software. maxqda.com
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Wilczewski, M., & Alon, I.
    (2023) Language and communication in international students’ adaptation: A bibliometric and content analysis review. Higher Education, 85(6), 1235–1256. 10.1007/s10734‑022‑00888‑8
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00888-8 [Google Scholar]
  38. Wisniewski, K., Lenhard, W., Spiegel, L., & Möhring, J.
    (Eds.) (2022) Sprache und Studienerfolg bei Bildungsausländerinnen und Bildungsausländern. Waxmann.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Young, M.
    (2004) An ecological psychology of instructional design: Learning and thinking by perceiving-acting systems. InD. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (2nd ed., pp.169–177). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.24003.vah
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/sar.24003.vah
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error