@article{jbp:/content/journals/10.1075/sl.39.4.06fre, author = "Freywald, Ulrike", title = "Total reduplication as a productive process in German", journal= "Studies in Language. International Journal sponsored by the Foundation “Foundations of Language”", year = "2015", volume = "39", number = "4", pages = "905-945", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.4.06fre", url = "https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/sl.39.4.06fre", publisher = "John Benjamins", issn = "0378-4177", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "durative", keywords = "German", keywords = "total reduplication", keywords = "identical constituent compounding", abstract = "In this paper I discuss two types of total reduplication that prove to be productive in Contemporary German: real-X Reduplication (RXR) and Durative Reduplication (DR). The function of the former, RXR, is to restrict the meaning of a word to its prototypical content (cf. Buchbuch ‘book-book; real book, not an e-book’). Based on corpus data I address the question whether we are dealing with reduplication or with compounding here. As a result it will become apparent that the process of RXR, while showing some parallels to compounding, lacks crucial characteristics of compounding and is therefore to be seen as a case of reduplication. The latter type of total reduplication, DR, involves the doubling of a bare, inflectionless verb stem, thus encoding durativity of the denoted event or activity (cf. grummel-grummel ‘grumble-grumble, to be continuously grumbling’). Finally I sketch a path of diachronic development of the emergence of DR from ideophones.", }