1887
Volume 40, Issue 2
  • ISSN 0378-4177
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9978
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

This study examines the interaction of contrastive focus-marking with nominalization in bisected contrastive focus constructions of Alto Perené, a Kampa Arawak language of Peru. It also investigates morphosyntactic means of contrastive focus-marking in two neighboring Kampa languages, Ashéninka Pichis and Ashaninka Tambo. The languages are shown to employ various focus-marking strategies. The Alto Perené polar (truth value) focus construction shows a preference for nominalizing a lexical verb. In Ashaninka Tambo, the expression of polar and modal operator focus (the latter attested in negated clauses) does not require nominalization of the lexical verb, but in clefted content and polar questions and affirmative declarative clauses, nominalization is mandatory for the purpose of argument focusing. In Ashéninka Pichis, the argument focus-marking strategies include the syntactic movement of the focus constituent to the preverbal focus position and either an elision of the subject index on the verb, or inflecting the verb for stative aspect.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/sl.40.2.05mih
2016-06-24
2025-02-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Adelaar, Willem & Pieter Muysken
    2004The languages of the Andes. (Cambridge Language Surveys.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486852
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486852 [Google Scholar]
  2. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y
    1999 The Arawak language family. In R.M.W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), The Amazonian languages, 65–106. (Cambridge Language Surveys.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson, Ronald J
    1985Cuentos folklóricos de los Asheninca, vol.1 (Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas 18). Yarinacocha: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. 1986aCuentos folklóricos de los Asheninca, vol.2 (Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas 19). Yarinacocha: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. 1986bCuentos folklóricos de los Asheninca, vol.3 (Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas 20). Yarinacocha:Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Birchall, Joshua
    2014Argument marking patterns in South American languages. Nijmegen: Radboud Universiteit dissertation. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781107360105.013
    https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107360105.013 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bickel, Baltasar
    1999 Nominalization and focus constructions in some Kiranti languages. In Yogendra P. Yadava & Warren W. Glover (eds.), Topics in Nepalese linguistics, 271–296. Katmandu: Royal Nepal Academy.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Biber, Douglas , Stig Johansson , Geoffrey Leech , Susan Conrad , & Edward Finegan
    1999The Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bodley, John H
    2003The Power of scale. A global history approach. New York/London: M.E. Sharpe.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Comrie, Bernard & Sandra A. Thompson
    2007 Lexical nominalization. In Timothy Shopen (ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, vol. 2, 334–381 (Language Typology & Syntactic Description). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511618437.006
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618437.006 [Google Scholar]
  11. Danielsen, Swintha
    2011 The person paradigms in Bare and other Southern Arawak languages. International Journal of American Linguistics77(4). 495–520. doi: 10.1086/662154
    https://doi.org/10.1086/662154 [Google Scholar]
  12. Dik, Simon C
    1978Functional grammar. (Linguistic Series 37). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dik, Simon C. , Maria E. Hoffmann , Jan R. de Jong , Sie I. Djiang , Harry Stroomer , & Lourens de Vries
    1981 On the typology of focus phenomena. In Teun Hoekstra , Harry van der Hulst & Michael Moortgat (eds.), Perspectives on functional grammar, 41–74. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dik, Simon C
    1989The theory of Functional Grammar. Part I, The structure of the clause (Functional Grammar Series 9). Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. 1997The theory of Functional Grammar. Part 2. Complex and derived constructions (Functional Grammar Series 21). Kees Hengeveld (ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110218374
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110218374 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dixon, R.M.W
    2010Basic Linguistic Theory. Grammatical topics, vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Doornenbal, Marius
    2008 Nominalization in Bantawa. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area31(2). 67- 95.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Duff-Tripp, Martha
    1997Grammatica del idioma yanesha’ (amuesha). Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. É. Kiss, Katalin
    1998 Identification focus versus information focus. Language74(2). 245–273. doi: 10.1353/lan.1998.0211
    https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1998.0211 [Google Scholar]
  20. Fiedler, Ines
    2012 Predicate-centered focus in Gbe. In Matthias Brenzinger & Ann-Maria Fehn (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on African Languages, Cologne August 17-21, 2009, 385–398. Köln: Verlag.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Fiedler, Ines & Anne Schwarz
    (eds.) 2010The expression of information structure: A documentation of its diversity across Africa (Typological Studies in Language 91). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.91
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.91 [Google Scholar]
  22. Genetti, Carol
    1994A descriptive and historical account of the Dolakha Nevari dialect (Monumenta Serindica 24). Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Gijn, Rik van
    2014 Subordination strategies in South America: nominalization. In Loretta O’Connor and Pieter Muysken (eds.), The native languages of South America: Origins, development, typology, 274–296. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107360105.015
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107360105.015 [Google Scholar]
  24. Gijn, Rik van , Katharina Haude & Pieter Muysken
    2011 Subordination in South America: An overview. In Rik van Gijn , Katharina Haude & Pieter Muysken (eds.), Subordination in Native South American languages, 1–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.97.01van
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.97.01van [Google Scholar]
  25. Grunow-Hårsta, Karen
    2009 Plurifunctionality in the Magar nominalization system. Nepalese Linguistics24. 37–48.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. 2011 Adjectives and adjectivals in Magar. Himalayan Linguistics10(1). 101- 126.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Gundel, Jeanette K. & Thorstein Fretheim
    2004 Topic and focus. In Laurence Horn & Gregory Ward (eds.), The handbook of pragmatic theory, 174–196 (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics). Malden: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Güldemann, Tom
    2003 Present progressive vis-à-vis predication focus in Bantu. Studies in Language27. 323–360. doi: 10.1075/sl.27.2.05gul
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.27.2.05gul [Google Scholar]
  29. Hartmann, Katharina & Tonjes Veenstra
    2013 Introduction. In Katharina Hartmann & Tonjes Veenstra (eds.), Cleft structures, 1–32. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.208.01har
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.208.01har [Google Scholar]
  30. Haspelmath, Martin
    2013 Argument indexing: a conceptual framework. In Dik Bakker & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), Languages across boundaries: Studies in memory of Anna Siewierska, 209‒226. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110331127
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110331127 [Google Scholar]
  31. Hengeveld, Kees
    1992Non-verbal predication: Theory, typology, diachrony (Functional Grammar Series 15). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110883282
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110883282 [Google Scholar]
  32. Heritage John
    2013 Epistemics in conversation. In Jack Sidnell and Tanya Stivers (eds.), The Handbook of conversation analysis, 370–394. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Hole, Daniel & Malte Zimmermann
    2013 Cleft partitionings in Japanese, Burmese and Chinese. In Katharina Hartmann & Tonjes Veenstra (eds.), Cleft structures, 285–316. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.208.11hol
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.208.11hol [Google Scholar]
  34. Iirineane Tasorentsi. Oquenquetsatacotaqueri avincatsarite Jesoquirishito [El Nuevo Testamento en el idioma Asháninca] 1972 Lima: Editorial Sagradas Escrituras Para Todos.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Kindberg, Lee
    1961 Independent and dependent sentence types in Campa. In Benjamin F. Elson & Juan Comas (eds.), A William Cameron Townsend en el vigésimoquinto aniversario del Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, 505–518. Mexico: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
    1993Nominalizations. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. 2006 Nominalization. In Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of languages and linguistics, vol. 8, 652–59. Oxford: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B0‑08‑044854‑2/00201‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00201-7 [Google Scholar]
  38. Krasnoukhova, Olga
    2012The noun phrase in the languages of South America. Nijmegen: Radboud Universiteit dissertation.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Lambrecht, Knud
    1994Information structure and sentence form: Topic, focus, and the mental representations of discourse referents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511620607
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620607 [Google Scholar]
  40. 2001 A framework for the analysis of cleft constructions. Linguistics39(3). 463–516. doi: 10.1515/ling.2001.021
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2001.021 [Google Scholar]
  41. Lawrence, Aimee
    2013Inflectional verbal morphology in Matsiguenga. Austin: University of Texas MA thesis.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Malchukov, Andrei
    2004Nominalization/verbalization: Constraining a typology of transcategorial operations. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Malchukov, Andrei 2006 Constraining nominalization: Function/form competition. Linguistics44(5). 973–1009. doi: 10.1515/LING.2006.032
    https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2006.032 [Google Scholar]
  44. Mihas, Elena
    2014Upper Perené Arawak narratives of history, landscape and ritual. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. 2015A grammar of Alto Perené (Arawak). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Michael, Lev
    2008Nanti evidential practice: Language, knowledge and social action in an Amazonian society. Austin, TX: University of Texas dissertation.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Noonan, Michael
    1997 Versatile nominalizations. In Joan Bybee , John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), Essays on language function and language type; Dedicated to T. Givón, 373–394. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.82.21noo
    https://doi.org/10.1075/z.82.21noo [Google Scholar]
  48. Payne, David
    1991 A classification of Maipuran (Arawakan) languages based on shared lexical retentions. In Desmond Derbyshire & Geoffrey K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian languages, vol. 3, 355–499. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Payne, David & Judith Payne
    2005 The pragmatics of split intransitivity in Asheninka. Revista Latinoamericana de Estidios Ethnolingüísticos10. 37–56.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Payne, Thomas E
    1997Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Quirk, Randolph , Sidney Greenbaum , Geoffrey Leech & Jan Svartvik
    1985A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Santos-Granero, Fernando
    2002 Saint Christopher in the Amazon: child sorcery, colonialism, and violence among the Southern Arawak. Ethnohistory49(3). 507–543. doi: 10.1215/00141801‑49‑3‑507
    https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-49-3-507 [Google Scholar]
  53. Shaler, Dattie
    1971 Identification of clause types and participant roles in Pajonal Campa. ms.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Shibatani, Masayoshi
    2009 Elements of complex structures, where recursion isn’t: The case of relativization. In Talmy Givón & Masayoshi Shibatani (eds.), Syntactic complexity: Diachrony, acquisition, neuro-cognition, evolution, 163–168. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.85.07ele
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.85.07ele [Google Scholar]
  55. 2013 What can Japanese dialects tell us about the function and development of the nominalization particle ‘no’. Japanese/Korean Linguistics20. 421–444.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Stivers, Tanya
    2012 Mobilising response in interaction: a compositional view of questions. In Jan de Ruiter (ed.), Questions: formal, functional and interactional perspectives, 58–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139045414.005
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139045414.005 [Google Scholar]
  57. Trask, Robert Lawrence
    1992A dictionary of grammatical terms in linguistics. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Yap, Foong Ha , Karen Grunow-Hårsta & Janick Wrona
    (eds.) 2011Nominalization in Asian languages. Diacronic and typological perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.96
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.96 [Google Scholar]
  59. Yap, Foong Ha & Stephen Matthews
    2008 The development of nominalizers in East Asian and Tibeto-Burman languages. In María José López-Couso & Elena Seoane (eds.), Rethinking grammaticalization: New perspectives, 309–341. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.76.15yap
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.76.15yap [Google Scholar]
  60. Yap, Foong Ha , Stephen Matthews & Kaoru Horie
    2004 From pronominalizer to pragmatic marker: Implication for unidirectionality from a crosslinguistic perspective. In Olga Fischer , Muriel Norde & Harry Perridon (eds.), Up and down the cline–The nature of grammaticalization, 137–168. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.59.08yap
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.59.08yap [Google Scholar]
  61. Vargas, Lita & Aída Candiotti
    2004Historias Ashaninkas para estar despiertos. Lima: Ministerio de Educación.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Watters, David E
    2008 Nominalization in Kiranti and Central Himalayish languages of Nepal. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area31(2). 1–43.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Watters, John R
    1979 Focus in Aghem: a study of its formal correlates and typology. In Larry Hyman (ed.), Aghem grammatical structure, 137–197. (Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics 7). Los Angeles: University of Southern California.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. 2010 Focus and the Ejagham verb system. In Ines Fielder & Anne Schwarz (eds.), The expression of information structure: A documentation of diversity across Africa, 349–375. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.91.13wat
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.91.13wat [Google Scholar]
  65. Wise, Mary Ruth
    1986 Grammatical characteristics of Preandine Arawakan languages of Peru. In Desmond Derbyshire & Geoffrey K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian languages, 567–642. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. 1984 Ocantacota Nonampi. Sobre mi pueblo. (Libro de Lectura 6, ashaninca.) Yarinacocha: Ministerio de Educación y Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. www-01.sil.org/americas/peru/pubs/asha-ll6.pdf.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. 1985 Icantacota peeraniniri. Cuentos de los antepasados. (Colección Literaria y Cultural 3, ashaninca.) Yarinacocha:Ministerio de Educación y Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. www.sil.org/americas/peru/show_work.asp?id=23313.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/sl.40.2.05mih
Loading
  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Alto Perené; Arawak; argument focus; contrastive focus; Kampa; polar focus
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error