1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Sign Language & Linguistics
  4. Volume 28, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 28, Issue 2
  • ISSN 1387-9316
  • E-ISSN: 1569-996X
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Despite the heterogeneity of the deaf population, research shows that deaf individuals experience a high incidence of mental health problems, with high reports of depression and anxiety. This emphasizes the importance of ensuring appropriate mental health therapy. Assessment tools presented in written language or translated spontaneously into sign language could result in misdiagnosis or miscommunication due to linguistic and cultural mismatches. It follows that assessment measures that are systematically translated into sign language are an important step forward in assessing and treating deaf people’s mental health. One reliable diagnostic tool, DASS-21, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, is available in multiple written languages, but, with few exceptions, has typically not been available in a sign language. Our study describes the meticulous process of adaptation we have undertaken to translate DASS-21 from written Hebrew into Israeli Sign Language (ISL). We address the many challenges faced when translating from a written to a visual modality, and we propose resolutions to these challenges. In this way, we hope that the tool whose adaptation we describe here will be useful for any effort to translate a psychological assessment tool into any sign language.

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/sll.24014.sta
2025-08-08
2026-05-20

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/sll.24014.sta
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Aanondsen, Chris Margaret, Kerstin Heiling, Torunn Nøvik & Thomas Jozefiak
    2018 Quality of life, family function and mental health of deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents in mental health services in Norway — a pilot study. International Journal on Mental Health and Deafness4(1). Article 1. ijmhd.org/index.php/ijmhd/article/view/33
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrade, Luana Foroni, Fabiana Elias Marquez, Geyse Araujo Ferreira, Simone Rocha Pereira, Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de Walsh & Maria Helena Barbosa
    2019 Transcultural adaptation of the self-evaluation instrument of occupational operation for Brazilian Sign Language. Texto & Contexto — Enfermagem281. e20180160. 10.1590/1980‑265x‑tce‑2018‑0160
     https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2018-0160 [Google Scholar]
  3. Anglemyer, Ethan & Craig Crespi
    2018 Misinterpretation of psychiatric illness in deaf patients: Two case reports. Case Reports in Psychiatry 2018 3285153. 10.1155/2018/3285153
     https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3285153 [Google Scholar]
  4. Antony, Martin M., Peter J. Bieling, Brian J. Cox, Murray W. Enns & Richard P. Swinson, Richard P.
    1998 Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment101. 176–181. 10.1037/1040‑3590.10.2.176
     https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176 [Google Scholar]
  5. Beaton, Dorcas, Claire Bombardier, Francis Guillemin & Marcos Bosi Ferraz
    2001 Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaption of self-report measures. Spine251. 3186–3191. 10.1097/00007632‑200012150‑00014
     https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 [Google Scholar]
  6. Ben-David, Boaz M., Sarah Gal-Rosenblum, Pascal H. H. M. van Lieshout & Vered Shakuf
    2019 Age-related differences in the perception of emotion in spoken language: The relative roles of prosody and semantics. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research62(4S). 1188–1202. 10.1044/2018_JSLHR‑H‑ASCC7‑18‑0166
     https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-ASCC7-18-0166 [Google Scholar]
  7. Berke, Larwan, Matt Huenerfauth & Kasmira Patel
    2019 Design and psychometric evaluation of American Sign Language translations of usability questionnaires. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing12(2). 6:1–6:43. 10.1145/3314205
     https://doi.org/10.1145/3314205 [Google Scholar]
  8. Berman, Barbara A., Elizabeth A. Eckhardt, Heidi B. Kleiger, Glenn Wong, Douglas S. Lipton, Roshan Bastani & Shari Barkin
    2000 Developing a tobacco survey for deaf youth. American Annals of the Deaf145(3). 245–255. 10.1353/aad.2012.0057
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0057 [Google Scholar]
  9. Berry, Judith A. & Annette J. Stewart
    2006 Communicating with the deaf during the health examination visit. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners2(8). 509–515. 10.1016/j.nurpra.2006.06.013
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2006.06.013 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bisol, Claudia Alquati, Tania Mara Sperb, Toye H. Brewer, Sergio Kakuta Kato & Gail Shor-Posner, Gail
    2008 HIV/AIDS knowledge and health-related attitudes and behaviors among deaf and hearing adolescents in Southern Brazil. American Annals of the Deaf153(4). 349–356. 10.1353/aad.0.0055
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.0.0055 [Google Scholar]
  11. Black, Patricia A. & Neil S. Glickman
    2006 Demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and other characteristics of North American deaf and hard-of-hearing inpatients. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education11(3). 303–321. 10.1093/deafed/enj042
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enj042 [Google Scholar]
  12. Boness, Cassandra L.
    2016 Treatment of deaf clients: Ethical considerations for professionals in psychology. Ethics & Behavior26(7). 562–585. 10.1080/10508422.2015.1084929
     https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2015.1084929 [Google Scholar]
  13. Brauer, Barbara A.
    1992 The signer effect on MMPI performance of deaf respondents. Journal of Personality Assessment58(2). 380–388. 10.1207/s15327752jpa5802_14
     https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5802_14 [Google Scholar]
  14. 1993 Adequacy of a translation of the MMPI into American Sign Language for use with deaf individuals: Linguistic equivalency issues. Rehabilitation Psychology381. 247–260. 10.1037/h0080302
     https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080302 [Google Scholar]
  15. Brislin, Richard W.
    1970 Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology1(3). 185–216. 10.1177/135910457000100301
     https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301 [Google Scholar]
  16. 1980 Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. InHarry C. Triandis & John W. Berry (eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Methodology, 389–444. Allyn and Bacon.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Brunson, Julianne G. & P. Scott Lawrence
    2002 Impact of sign language interpreter and therapist moods on deaf recipient mood. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice331. 576–580. 10.1037/0735‑7028.33.6.576
     https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.33.6.576 [Google Scholar]
  18. Chatzidamianos, Gerasimos, Danielle Burns, Panoraia Andriopoulou, Dawn Archer & Margaret du Feu
    2021 The challenges and facilitators to successful translation and adaptation of written self-report psychological measures into sign languages: A systematic review. Psychological Assessment33(11). 10.1037/pas0001061
     https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001061 [Google Scholar]
  19. Choi, Sang-Chin & Gyuseog Han
    2008 Shimcheong psychologu: A case of an emotional state for cultural psychology. International Journal for Dialogical Science3(1). 205–224.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Cornes, Andy & Jemina Napier
    2005 Challenges of mental health interpreting when working with deaf patients. Australasian Psychiatry13(4). 403–407. 10.1080/j.1440‑1665.2005.02218.x
     https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02218.x [Google Scholar]
  21. Dachkovsky, Svetlana, Christina Healy & Wendy Sandler
    2013 Visual intonation in two sign languages. Phonology30(2). 211–252. 10.1017/S0952675713000122
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675713000122 [Google Scholar]
  22. Dachkovsky, Svetlana & Wendy Sandler
    2009 Visual intonation in the prosody of a sign language. Language and Speech52(2–3). 287–314. 10.1177/0023830909103175
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830909103175 [Google Scholar]
  23. Dachkovsky, Svetlana, Rose Stamp & Wendy Sandler
    2018 Constructing complexity in a young sign language. Frontiers in Psychology91. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02202
     https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02202 [Google Scholar]
  24. 2022 Mapping the body to the discourse hierarchy in sign language emergence. Language and Cognition15(1).1–33. 10.1017/langcog.2022.25
     https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2022.25 [Google Scholar]
  25. Dachkovsky, Svetlana, Rose Stamp, Vered Shakuf, Wendy Sandler & Boaz Ben-David, Boaz
    2023 Perceiving emotions in sign language: Lexical (words) vs. non-lexical (tone) channels. Paper presented at10th Conference on Cognition Research, Akko.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. de Graaf, Ron & Rob V. Bijl
    2002 Determinants of mental distress in adults with a severe auditory impairment: Differences between prelingual and postlingual deafness. Psychosomatic Medicine64(1). 61. 10.1097/00006842‑200201000‑00009
     https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200201000-00009 [Google Scholar]
  27. de Mendoza, Alejandra Hurtado
    2008 The problem of translation in cross-cultural research on emotion concepts. International Journal of Dialogical Science3(1). 241–248.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Doron-Guterman, Yael & Maya Zeevi-Barkai
    2023 Landmarks in therapy for people who are deaf and hard of hearing. InTova Most & R. G. Zimmerman (eds.), Living with diversity: Research and practice in work with the deaf and hard-of-hearing population. Moffet Institute Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. du Feu, Margaret & Cathy Chovaz
    2014 Mental health and deafness. Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ekman, Paul
    1982 Methods for measuring facial action. InKlaus R. Scherer & Paul Ekman (eds.), Handbook of methods in nonverbal behavior research, 45–90. Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Fehr, Beverley & James A. Russell
    1984 Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General113(3). 464–486. 10.1037/0096‑3445.113.3.464
     https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.113.3.464 [Google Scholar]
  32. Fellinger, Johannes, Daniel Holzinger, Ulrike Dobner, Joachim Gerich, Roland Lehner, Gerhard Lenz & David Goldberg
    2005 An innovative and reliable way of measuring health-related quality of life and mental distress in the deaf community. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology40(3). 245–250. 10.1007/s00127‑005‑0862‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0862-9 [Google Scholar]
  33. Fellinger, Johannes, Daniel Holzinger & Robert Pollard
    2012 Mental health of deaf people. Lancet (London, England)379(9820). 1037–1044. 10.1016/S0140‑6736(11)61143‑4
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61143-4 [Google Scholar]
  34. Geckt, Dean, Liran Evenberg, Svetlana Dachkovsky, Wendy Sandler, Hagit Hel-Or & Rose Stamp
    2023 Emotional expression in deaf and hearing populations. Paper presented at10th Conference on Cognition Research, Akko.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Gill, Ian James & John R. E. Fox
    2012 A qualitative meta-synthesis on the experience of psychotherapy for deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Mental Health, Religion & Culture15(6). 637–651. 10.1080/13674676.2011.609161
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2011.609161 [Google Scholar]
  36. Glickman, Neil S. & Wyatte C. Hall
    2019 Language deprivation and deaf mental health. Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Graybill, Patrick, Julia Aggas Robyn K. Dean, Susan Demers, Elizabeth G. Finigan & Robert Q. Pollard
    2010 A community-participatory approach to adapting survey items for deaf individuals and American Sign Language. Field Methods22(4). 429–448. 10.1177/1525822X10379201
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X10379201 [Google Scholar]
  38. Gutierrez-Sigut, Eva, Veronica M. Lamarche, Katherine Rowley, Emilio Ferreiro Lago, Maria Jesus Pardo-Guijarro, Ixone Saenz, Berta Frigola, Santiago Frigola, Delfina Aliaga & Laura Goldberg
    2022 How do face masks impact communication amongst deaf/HoH people?Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications71. 81. 10.1186/s41235‑022‑00431‑4
     https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00431-4 [Google Scholar]
  39. Hall, Wyatte C.
    2017 What you don’t know can hurt you: The risk of language deprivation by impairing sign language development in deaf children. Maternal and Child Health Journal21(5). 961–965. 10.1007/s10995‑017‑2287‑y
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2287-y [Google Scholar]
  40. Hall, Wyatte C., Leonard L. Levin & Melissa L. Anderson
    2017 Language deprivation syndrome: A possible neurodevelopmental disorder with sociocultural origins. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology521. 761–776. 10.1007/s00127‑017‑1351‑7
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1351-7 [Google Scholar]
  41. Hambleton, Ronald K.
    2005 Issues, designs, and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. InRonald K. Hambleton, Peter Merenda & Charles Spielberger (eds.), Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment, 3–39. Erlbaum Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Harmer, Lisa M.
    1999 Health care delivery and deaf people: Practice, problems, and recommendations for change. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education4(2). 73–110. 10.1093/deafed/4.2.73
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/4.2.73 [Google Scholar]
  43. Harris, Jennifer & Claire Bamford
    2001 The uphill struggle: Services for deaf and hard of hearing people — issues of equality, participation and access. Disability & Society16(7). 969–979. 10.1080/09687590120097854
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09687590120097854 [Google Scholar]
  44. Haug, Tobias & Wolfgang Mann
    2008 Adapting tests of sign language assessment for other sign languages — A review of linguistic, cultural, and psychometric problems. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education13(1). 138–147. 10.1093/deafed/enm027
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enm027 [Google Scholar]
  45. Healy, Christina
    2018 Construal of content: A cognitive linguistic approach to interpreting affective constructions. Translation and Interpreting Studies13(1). 27–48. 10.1075/tis.00003.hea
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.00003.hea [Google Scholar]
  46. Henner, Jon, Rama Novogrodsky, Jeanne Reis & Robert Hoffmeister
    2018 Recent issues in the use of signed language assessments for diagnosis of language disorders in signing deaf and hard of hearing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education23(4). 307–316. 10.1093/deafed/eny014
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/eny014 [Google Scholar]
  47. Henry, Julie D. & John R. Crawford
    2005 The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology44(2). 227–239. 10.1348/014466505X29657
     https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657 [Google Scholar]
  48. Höcker, Johannes Till
    2010 Sozialmedizinische Aspekte der medizinischen Versorgung gehörloser Menschen in Deutschland. Mainz: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität PhD dissertation. 10.25358/OPENSCIENCE‑1006
     https://doi.org/10.25358/OPENSCIENCE-1006 [Google Scholar]
  49. Horne, Nick & J. Pennington
    2010 The role of the nurse specialist in the highly specialized field of mental health and deafness. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing171. 355–358. 10.1111/j.1365‑2850.2010.01552.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2010.01552.x [Google Scholar]
  50. Hsieh, Elaine & Brenda Nicodemus
    2015 Conceptualizing emotion in healthcare interpreting: A normative approach to interpreters’ emotion work. Patient Education and Counseling98(12). 1474. 10.1016/j.pec.2015.06.012
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.06.012 [Google Scholar]
  51. Hurtado de Mendoza, Alejandra, Jose Miguel Fernández-Dols, W. Gerrod Parrott & Pilar Carrera
    2010 Emotion terms, category structure, and the problem of translation: The case of shame and vergüenza. Cognition and Emotion24(4). 661–680. 10.1080/02699930902958255
     https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902958255 [Google Scholar]
  52. Kadri, M. & S. Shiri
    2015 Practical instructions for diagnosing developmental intellectual disability among people with deficiencies in vision, hearing and motor abilities. InLiterature review on diagnosing individuals with developmental intellectual disabilities: Definitions, diagnostic methods and psychological assessment tools, processes and tools for diagnosis double morbidity, 107–109. Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Social Services.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Kouwenberg, Maartje, Carolien Rieffe & Stephanie Theunissen
    2011 Intrapersonal and interpersonal factors related to selfreported symptoms of depression in DHH youth. International Journal on Mental Health and Deafness1(1). Article 1. www.ijmhd.org/index.php/ijmhd/article/view/10
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Kövecses, Zoltan
    2008 Conceptual metaphor theory: Some criticisms and alternative proposals. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics61. 168–184. 10.1075/arcl.6.08kov
     https://doi.org/10.1075/arcl.6.08kov [Google Scholar]
  55. Kvam, Marit H., Mitchell Loeb & Kristian Tambs
    2007 Mental health in deaf adults: Symptoms of anxiety and depression among hearing and deaf individuals. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education12(1). 1–7. 10.1093/deafed/enl015
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enl015 [Google Scholar]
  56. Lake, Shane
    2018 Measuring Depression in Deaf Adults?: Adaptation and Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) for Auslan Users. MA thesis, Australia: Federation University Australia.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Lambez, Tal, Maayan Nagar, Anat Shoshani & Ora Nakash
    2020 The association between deaf identity and emotional distress among adolescents. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education25(3). 251–260. 10.1093/deafed/enz051
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enz051 [Google Scholar]
  58. Landsberger, Sarah A., Ayesha Sajid, Leah Schmelkin, David R. Diaz & Courtney Weiler
    2013 Assessment and treatment of deaf adults with psychiatric disorders: A review of the literature for practitioners. Journal of Psychiatric Practice19(2). 87–97. 10.1097/01.pra.0000428555.48588.f9
     https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000428555.48588.f9 [Google Scholar]
  59. Leanza, Yvan, Isabelle Boivin & Ellen Rosenberg
    2013 The patient’s lifeworld: Building meaningful clinical encounters between patients, physicians and interpreters. Communication & Medicine10(1). 13–25. 10.1558/cam.v10i1.13
     https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.v10i1.13 [Google Scholar]
  60. Lederberg, Amy R. & Caryl E. Mobley
    1990 The effect of hearing impairment on the quality of attachment and mother-toddler interaction. Child Development61(5). 1596–1604. 10.2307/1130767
     https://doi.org/10.2307/1130767 [Google Scholar]
  61. Leigh, Irene W. & Susan Anthony-Tolbert
    2001 Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. Rehabilitation Psychology461. 195–202. 10.1037/0090‑5550.46.2.195
     https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.46.2.195 [Google Scholar]
  62. Leigh, Irene W., Clive J. Robins, Joan Welkowitz & Ronald N. Bond
    1989 Toward greater understanding of depression in deaf individuals. American Annals of the Deaf134(4). 249–254. 10.1353/aad.2012.0662
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0662 [Google Scholar]
  63. Lesch, Heather, Kimberley Burcher, Tracy Wharton, Reshawna Chapple & Kiara Chapple
    2019 Barriers to healthcare services and supports for signing deaf older adults. Rehabilitation Psychology64(2). 237–244. 10.1037/rep0000252
     https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000252 [Google Scholar]
  64. Levinger, Miriam
    2020 Triad in the therapy room — The interpreter, the therapist, and the deaf person. Journal of Interpretation28(1). Article 5. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/joi/vol28/iss1/5
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Levinger, Miriam & Tammie Ronen
    2008 Is it really clear?: Adapting research tools for the needs of the deaf population. Journal of Social Work8(4). 399–430. 10.1177/1468017308094992
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017308094992 [Google Scholar]
  66. Lovibond, P. F. & S. H. Lovibond
    1995 The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy33(3). 335–343. 10.1016/0005‑7967(94)00075‑U
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U [Google Scholar]
  67. Lurie, Janine
    . Hebrew translation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Retrieved fromhttps://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass/hebrew/Lurie_Hebrew.htm
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Mansutti, Irene, Illarj Achil, Chiara Rosa Gastaldo, Catarina Tomé Pires & Alvisa Palese
    2023 Individuals with hearing impairment/deafness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review on communication challenges and strategies. Journal of Clinical Nursing321. 4454–4472. 10.1111/jocn.16572
     https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16572 [Google Scholar]
  69. Markus, Hazel R. & Shinobu Kitayama
    1991 Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review98(2). 224–253. 10.1037/0033‑295X.98.2.224
     https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224 [Google Scholar]
  70. Marschark, Marc
    1997 Psychological development of deaf children. Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Mason, Teresa C.
    2005 Cross-cultural instrument translation: Assessment, translation, and statistical applications. American Annals of the Deaf150(1). 67–72. 10.1353/aad.2005.0020
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2005.0020 [Google Scholar]
  72. Meir, Irit
    1999 A perfect marker in Israeli Sign Language: Sign Language & Linguistics2(1). 43–62. 10.1075/sll.2.1.04mei
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.2.1.04mei [Google Scholar]
  73. 2010 Iconicity and metaphor: Constraints on metaphorical extension of iconic forms. Language86(4). 865–896. 10.1353/lan.2010.0044
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2010.0044 [Google Scholar]
  74. Meir, Irit & Ariel Cohen
    2018 Metaphor in sign languages. Frontiers in Psychology91. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01025. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01025
     https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01025 [Google Scholar]
  75. Meir, Irit & Wendy Sandler
    2008 A language in space: The story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Mitchell, Ross E. & Michael A. Karchmer
    2004 When parents are deaf versus hard of hearing: Patterns of sign use and school placement of deaf and hard-of-hearing children. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education9(2). 133–152. 10.1093/deafed/enh017
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enh017 [Google Scholar]
  77. Montoya, Louise A., Reginald Egnatovitch, Elizabeth A. Eckhardt, Marjorie T. Goldstein, Richard A. Goldstein & Annie G. Steinberg
    2004 Translation challenges and strategies: The ASL translation of a computer-Based, psychiatric diagnostic interview. Sign Language Studies4(4). 314–344. 10.1353/sls.2004.0019
     https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2004.0019 [Google Scholar]
  78. Moore, Kate, Barry Wright, Danielle Moore, Richard Ogden & Katie Rogers
    2013 Overcoming the challenges of translating mental health instruments into sign languages. International Journal on Mental Health and Deafness3(1). Article 1. ijmhd.org/index.php/ijmhd/article/view/20
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Munro, Louise & John Rodwell
    2009 Validation of an Australian Sign Language Instrument of Outcome Measurement for Adults in Mental Health Settings. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry43 (4). 332–39. 10.1080/00048670902721111.
     https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670902721111 [Google Scholar]
  80. Musselman, Carol
    2000 How Do Children Who Can’t Hear Learn to Read an Alphabetic Script? A Review of the Literature on Reading and Deafness. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education5 (1). 9–31. 10.1093/deafed/5.1.9.
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/5.1.9 [Google Scholar]
  81. Ng, Felicity, Tom Trauer, Seetal Dodd, Tom Callaly, Shirley Campbell & Michael Berk
    2007 The validity of the 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales as a routine clinical outcome measure. Acta Neuropsychiatrica19(5). 304–310. 10.1111/j.1601‑5215.2007.00217.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00217.x [Google Scholar]
  82. Øhre, Beate, Stephan von Tetzchner & Erik Falkum
    2011 Deaf adults and mental health: A review of recent research on the prevalence and distribution of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in the prelingually deaf adult population. International Journal on Mental Health and Deafness1(1). 3–22.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Panzer, Kate, Junghyun Park, Leslie Pertz & Michael McKee
    2020 Teaming together to care for our deaf patients: Insights from the deaf health clinic. JADARA53(2). 60–77.
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Parkinson, Brian, Agneta H. Fischer & Antony S. R. Manstead
    2005 Emotion in social relations: Cultural, group, and interpersonal processes. Psychology Press. 10.4324/9780203644966
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203644966 [Google Scholar]
  85. Rathert, Cheryl, Mary D. Wyrwich & Suzanne A. Boren
    2013 Patient-centered care and outcomes: A systematic review of the literature. Medical Care Research and Review: MCRR70(4). 351–379. 10.1177/1077558712465774
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558712465774 [Google Scholar]
  86. Roberts, Sophie, Barry Wright, Kate Moore, Josie Smith, Victoria Allgar, Alan Tennant, Caroline Doherty, Ellen Hughes, Danielle C. Moore, Richard Ogden, Helen Phillips, Lilli Beese & Katherine Rogers
    2015 Translation into British Sign Language and validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Health Services and Delivery Research3(2). 1–96. 10.3310/hsdr03020
     https://doi.org/10.3310/hsdr03020 [Google Scholar]
  87. Rodriguez Mosquera, Patricia M., Antony S. R. Manstead & Agneta H. Fischer
    2000 The role of honor-related values in the elicitation, experience, and communication of pride, shame, and anger: Spain and the Netherlands compared. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin26(7). 833–844. 10.1177/0146167200269008
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200269008 [Google Scholar]
  88. Rogers, Katherine D., Alys Young, Karina Lovell & Chris Evans
    2013 The challenges of translating the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) into British Sign Language. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education18(3). 287–298. 10.1093/deafed/ent002
     https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/ent002 [Google Scholar]
  89. Rogers, Katherine D., Claire Dodds, Malcolm Campbell & Alys Young
    2018 The validation of the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) with deaf British Sign Language users in the UK. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes16(1). 145. 10.1186/s12955‑018‑0976‑x
     https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0976-x [Google Scholar]
  90. Rogers, Katherine D., Mark Pilling, Linda Davies, Rachel Belk, Catherine Nassimi-Green & Alys Young
    2016 Translation, Validity and Reliability of the British Sign Language (BSL) Version of the EQ-5D-5L. Quality of Life Research25 (7). 1825–34. 10.1007/s11136‑016‑1235‑4.
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1235-4 [Google Scholar]
  91. Russell, James A.
    1980 A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology391. 1161–1178. 10.1037/h0077714
     https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714 [Google Scholar]
  92. Russell, James A., Jo-Anne Bachorowski & Jose-Miguel Fernandez-Dols
    2003 Facial and vocal expressions of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology541. 329–349. 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145102 [Google Scholar]
  93. Salazar, Mary Kathryn
    1990 Interviewer bias: How it affects survey research. AAOHN Journal38(12). 567–572. 10.1177/216507999003801203
     https://doi.org/10.1177/216507999003801203 [Google Scholar]
  94. Sandler, Wendy
    2018 The body as evidence for the nature of language. Frontiers in Psychology91. 1782. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01782
     https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01782 [Google Scholar]
  95. Sandler, Wendy & Diane Lillo-Martin
    2006 Sign language and linguistic universals. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139163910
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139163910 [Google Scholar]
  96. Scheier, Donna B.
    2009 Barriers to health care for people with hearing loss: A review of the literature. The Journal of the New York State Nurses’ Association40(1)., 4–10.
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Scherer, Klaus, Angela Schorr & Tom Johnstone
    2001 Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780195130072.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130072.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  98. Searight, H. Russell & Barbara K. Searight
    2009 Working with foreign language interpreters: Recommendations for psychological practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice401. 444–451. 10.1037/a0016788
     https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016788 [Google Scholar]
  99. Smarr, Karen L. & Autumn L. Keefer
    2011 Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Arthritis Care & Research 63 Suppl 11, S454–466. 10.1002/acr.20556
     https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20556 [Google Scholar]
  100. Smeijers, Anika, Beppie van den Bogaerde, Martina Ens-Dokkum & Anne Marie Oudesluys-Murphy
    2014 Scientific-based translation of standardized questionnaires into Sign Language of the Netherlands. InBrenda Nicodemus & Melanie Metzger (eds.), Investigations in healthcare interpreting, 277–301. Gallaudet University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv2rh2bq2.12
     https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2rh2bq2.12 [Google Scholar]
  101. Stamp, Rose, Svetlana Dachkovsky, Vered Shakuf, Boaz Ben-David & Wendy Sandler
    2023 The impact of Covid 19 on the mental health of the deaf population in Israel. Paper presented at10th Conference on Cognition Research, Akko.
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Steinberg, Annie G., Steven Barnett, Helen E. Meador, Erin A. Wiggins & Philip Zazove
    2006 Health care system accessibility. Experiences and perceptions of deaf people. Journal of General Internal Medicine21(3). 260–266. 10.1111/j.1525‑1497.2006.00340.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00340.x [Google Scholar]
  103. Street, Richard L.
    2013 How clinician-patient communication contributes to health improvement: Modeling pathways from talk to outcome. Patient Education and Counseling92(3). 286–291. 10.1016/j.pec.2013.05.004
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.05.004 [Google Scholar]
  104. Sullivan, Karen
    2007 Grammar in Metaphor: A Construction Grammar Account of Metaphoric Language. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley PhD dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  105. 2009 Grammatical Constructions in Metaphoric Language. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Vernon, McCay & Beth Daigle-King
    1999 Historical overview of inpatient care of mental patients who are deaf. American Annals of the Deaf144(1). 51–61. 10.1353/aad.2012.0134
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0134 [Google Scholar]
  107. Vernon, McCay & Katrina Miller
    2001 Interpreting in mental health settings: Issues and concerns. American Annals of the Deaf146(5). 429–434. 10.1353/aad.2012.0200
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0200 [Google Scholar]
  108. Watt, John D. & Faith E. Davis
    1991 The prevalence of boredom proneness and depression among profoundly deaf residential school adolescents. American Annals of the Deaf136(5). 409–413. 10.1353/aad.2012.0470
     https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0470 [Google Scholar]
  109. Werngren-Elgström, Monica, Ove Dehlin & Susanne Iwarsson
    2003 Aspects of quality of life in persons with pre-lingual deafness using sign language: Subjective wellbeing, ill-health symptoms, depression and insomnia. Proceedings of the 6th European Congress On Mental Health and Deafness. 10.1016/S0167‑4943(03)00003‑7
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4943(03)00003-7 [Google Scholar]
  110. Wood, Nicholas & Julie Dockrell
    2010 Psychological assessment procedures for assessing deaf or hard-of-hearing children. Educational and Child Psychology271. 11–22. 10.53841/bpsecp.2010.27.2.11
     https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2010.27.2.11 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/sll.24014.sta
Loading
Sign language adaptation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales — 21 (DASS-21)
Sign Language & Linguistics 28, 263 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.24014.sta
/content/journals/10.1075/sll.24014.sta
/content/journals/10.1075/sll.24014.sta
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): adaptation; DASS; depression; Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; Israeli Sign Language; modality; sign language; translation

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error