1887
Volume 10, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2210-4372
  • E-ISSN: 2210-4380
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

The current study investigates whether the mode of reading practice has an effect on the degree of readers’ empathic response to social drama, using Enda Walsh’s (2015), tackling contemporary adolescents’ problems, as an experimental example. The experiment conducted in this paper hypothesizes that in contrast with casual reading, the conscious techniques of close reading are more effective in promoting participants’ empathic engagement with the dramatic text and improving their capacity of problem discovery and solution. Accordingly, the close reading of social drama can reinforce social integration and work as an antidote to the ostracism of one social group from their community. Moreover, the L2 students’ stimulated empathic response is translated into a written output which is richer in quantity and quality.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ssol.19016.kar
2020-12-09
2024-12-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Akbari, E. , Naderi, A. , Simons, R. , & Pilot, A.
    (2016) Student engagement and foreign language learning through online social networks. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 1(4). doi:  10.1186/s40862‑016‑0006‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-016-0006-7 [Google Scholar]
  2. Baars, B. , & Gage, N.
    (2010) Cognition, Brain and Consciousness. 2nd ed.China: Academic Press Elsevier.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Benedek, M. , & Jauk, E.
    (2018) Spontaneous and controlled processes in creative cognition. In K. Christoff & K. Fox (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of spontaneous Thought (pp.285–296). New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Best, S. , & Marcus, S.
    (2009) Surface Reading: An Introduction. Representations, 108 (1), 1–21. doi:  10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1
    https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1 [Google Scholar]
  5. Bilandzic, H. , & Busselle, R.
    (2017) Beyond metaphors and traditions: Exploring the conceptual boundaries of narrative engagement. In F. Hakemulder , M. Kuijpers , E. Tan , K. Bálint & M. Doicaru (Eds.), Narrative Absorption (pp.11–27). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lal.27.02bil
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lal.27.02bil [Google Scholar]
  6. Bilandzic, H. , Sukalla, F. , Schnell, C. , Hastall, M. , & Busselle, R.
    (2019) The Narrative Engageability Scale. International Journal of Communication, 13, 801–832. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/8624
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brummett, B.
    (2010) Techniques of Close Reading. USA: Sage Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Busselle, R. , & Bilandzic, H.
    (2009) Measuring narrative engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321–347. 10.1080/15213260903287259
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259 [Google Scholar]
  9. Cleaver, S.
    (2015) Every Reader a Close Reader. USA: Rowman.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cummings, L.
    (2016) Empathy as Dialogue in Theatre and Performance. USA: Palgrave. 10.1057/978‑1‑137‑59326‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59326-9 [Google Scholar]
  11. Damasio, A.
    (2010) Self Comes to Mind. USA: Pantheon Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dascalu, M.
    (2014) Analyzing Discourse and Text Complexity for Learning and Collaborating. New York: Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑03419‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03419-5 [Google Scholar]
  13. Fisher, D. , & Frey, N.
    (2012) Close Reading in Elementary Schools. The Reading Teacher, 66 (3), 179–188. doi:  10.1002/TRTR.01117
    https://doi.org/10.1002/TRTR.01117 [Google Scholar]
  14. Fitzpatrick, L.
    (2010) ENDA WALSH. In M. Middeke & P. Schnierer (Eds.), The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary Irish Playwrights (pp.439–452).UK: Methuen Drama. 10.5040/9781408183045.ch‑025
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781408183045.ch-025 [Google Scholar]
  15. Freedman, J.
    (2015) After Close Reading. New Rambler Review. newramblerreview.com/book-reviews/literary-studies/after-close-reading
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Halliday, M. A. K. , & Martin, R.
    (1993) Writing Science. USA: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Halliday, M. A. K.
    (2004) An introduction to Functional Grammar. 3rd edition. London: Hodder Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hanauer, D.
    (2012) Meaningful literacy: Writing poetry in the language classroom. Language Teaching, 45 (1), 105–115. doi:  10.1017/S0261444810000522
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444810000522 [Google Scholar]
  19. Harper, G.
    (2010) On Creative Writing. Bristol: MLM. 10.21832/9781847692580
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847692580 [Google Scholar]
  20. Hathaway, J.
    (2015) Connect to Text: Strategies for Close Reading and Writing. Canada: Shell Education.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hogan, P.
    (2011) What Literature Teaches Us about Emotions. USA: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511976773
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976773 [Google Scholar]
  22. Iacoboni, M.
    (2009) Mirroring People: The Science of Empathy. USA: Picador.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Jarvis, S.
    (2012) Lexical Challenges in the Intersection of Applied Linguistics and ANLP. In C. Boonthum-Denecke , P. McCarthy & T. Lamkin (Eds.), Cross-Disciplinary Advances in Applied Natural Language Processing (pp.50–72). USA: Information Science Reference. 10.4018/978‑1‑61350‑447‑5.ch005
    https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-447-5.ch005 [Google Scholar]
  24. Jockers, M.
    (2013) Macroanalysis. USA: University of Illinois. 10.5406/illinois/9780252037528.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037528.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  25. Juanggo, W.
    (2018) Investigating lexical diversity and lexical sophistication of productive vocabulary in the written discourse of Indonesian EFL learners. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 38–48. doi:  10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11462
    https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11462 [Google Scholar]
  26. Karam, K. M.
    (2020) Conscious application of creativity dynamics as an approach to the formation and appreciation of literary creativity. Neohelicon. 10.1007/s11059‑020‑00546‑x
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11059-020-00546-x [Google Scholar]
  27. Keen, S.
    (2007) Empathy and the Novel. New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175769.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175769.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  28. Kidd, D. C. , & Castano, E.
    (2013) Reading Literary Fiction Improves Theory of Mind. Science, 342(6156), 377–380. doi:  10.1126/science.1239918
    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239918 [Google Scholar]
  29. (2017) Failure to replicate methods caused the failure to replicate results. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, e1–e4. doi:  10.1037/pspa0000072
    https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000072 [Google Scholar]
  30. (2018) Reading Literary Fiction Can Improve Theory of Mind. Nature Human Behaviour2, 604. doi:  10.1038/s41562‑018‑0408‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0408-2 [Google Scholar]
  31. Koopman, E. M. , & Hakemulder, F.
    (2015) Effects of Literature on Empathy and Self-Reflection: A Theoretical-Empirical Framework. Journal of Literary Theory, 9, 79–111. doi:  10.1515/jlt‑2015‑0005
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2015-0005 [Google Scholar]
  32. Kuijpers, M. , Hakemulder, F. , Tan, E. , & Doicarub, M.
    (2014) Exploring absorbing reading experiences. Scientific Study of Literature4(1), 89–122. doi:  10.1075/ssol.4.1.05kui
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ssol.4.1.05kui [Google Scholar]
  33. Kyle, K. , Crossley, S. , & Berger, C.
    (2018) The tool for the automatic analysis of lexical sophistication (TAALES): version 2.0. Behav Res50, 1030–1046. doi:  10.3758/s13428‑017‑0924‑4
    https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0924-4 [Google Scholar]
  34. Lehman, C. , & Roberts, K.
    (2014) Falling in Love with Close Reading. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Leverage, P. , Mancing, H. , Schweickert, R. , & William, J.
    (Eds.) (2011) Introduction. Theory of mind and literature. (pp.1–11). West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Lu, X.
    (2012) The Relationship of Lexical Richness to the Quality of ESL Learners’ Oral Narratives. The Modern Language Journal, 96(2), 190–208. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2011.01232_1.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01232_1.x [Google Scholar]
  37. Mar, A. , Oatley, K. , & Peterson, B.
    (2009) Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy. Communications, 34 (4), 407–428. doi:  10.1515/COMM.2009.025
    https://doi.org/10.1515/COMM.2009.025 [Google Scholar]
  38. McCaw, N.
    (2011) Close Reading, Writing and Culture. New Writing, 8(1), 25–34. doi:  10.1080/14790726.2010.527349
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2010.527349 [Google Scholar]
  39. McConachie, B.
    (2008) Engaging Audience: A Cognitive Approach to Spectating in the Theatre. USA: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230617025
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230617025 [Google Scholar]
  40. McConachie, B. , & Hart, F.
    (eds.) (2006) Introduction. Performance and Cognition: (pp.1–25). USA: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203966563
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203966563 [Google Scholar]
  41. Miller, D.
    (2014) Forward. Falling in Love with Close reading (pp.vii–xi). USA: Heinemann.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Moss, B. , Lapp, D. , Grant, M. , & Johnson, K.
    (2015) A Close Look at Close reading. USA: ASCD.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Moretti, F.
    (2013) Distant Reading. UK: Verso.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Mumper, L. , & Gerrig, J.
    (2017) Leisure reading and social cognition: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(1), 109–120. 10.1037/aca0000089
    https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000089 [Google Scholar]
  45. Neuman, S. , & Gambrell, L.
    (2013) Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of Common Core State Standards. In S. Newman & L. Gambrell (Eds.), Quality Reading Instruction in the Age of Common Core State Standards (pp.1–12). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. 10.1598/0496.01
    https://doi.org/10.1598/0496.01 [Google Scholar]
  46. Palfreyman, D. , & Karaki, S.
    (2019) Lexical sophistication across languages: a preliminary study of undergraduate writing in Arabic (L1) and English (L2). International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(8), 992–1015, doi:  10.1080/13670050.2017.1326456
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1326456 [Google Scholar]
  47. Panero, M. E. , Weisberg, D. S. , Black, J. , Goldstein, T. R. , Barnes, J. L. , Brownell, H. , & Winner, E.
    (2016) Does reading a single passage of literary fiction really improve theory of mind? An attempt at replication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111, e46–e54. doi:  10.1037/pspa0000064
    https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000064 [Google Scholar]
  48. Philp, J. , & Duchesne, S.
    (2016) Exploring engagement in tasks in the language classroom. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 36. 50–72. 10.1017/S0267190515000094
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190515000094 [Google Scholar]
  49. Phillips, N.
    (2015) Literary Neuroscience and History of Mind: An interdisciplinary fMRI Study of Attention and Jane Austen. In L. Zunshine (Ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Literary Studies (pp.55–81). USA: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Pino, M. C. , & Mazza, M.
    (2016) The use of “literary fiction” to promote mentalizing ability. PLoS One, 11, e0160254. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0160254
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160254 [Google Scholar]
  51. Read, J.
    (2000) Assessing vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511732942
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511732942 [Google Scholar]
  52. Richard, I.
    (1929) Practical Criticism: A Study of Literary Judgment. Great Britain: The Edinburgh Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Runco, M. , Turkman, B. , Acar, S. , & Nural, M.
    (2017) The Idea Density and Creativity of Written Works. Journal of Genius and Eminence, 2(1), 26–31. doi:  10.18536/jge.2017.04.02.01.03
    https://doi.org/10.18536/jge.2017.04.02.01.03 [Google Scholar]
  54. Snow, C. , & O’Connor, C.
    (2016) Close Reading and Far-Reaching Classroom Discussion. The Journal of Education, 196(1), 1–8. doi: 10.2307/26612600
    https://doi.org/10.2307/26612600 [Google Scholar]
  55. Sofia, G.
    (2013) The Effect of Theatre Training on Cognitive Functions. In N. Shaughnessy (Ed.), Affective Performance and Cognitive Science (pp.171–180). India: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781408183793.ch‑009
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781408183793.ch-009 [Google Scholar]
  56. Stebbins, R.
    (2012) The Committed Reader: Reading for Utility, Pleasure, and Fulfillment in the Twenty-First Century. UK: Scarecrow Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Tabbi, J.
    (2010) Cognitive Science. In B. Clarck & M. Rossini (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science (pp.77–87). USA: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Tausczik, Y. , & Pennebaker, J.
    (2010) The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1):24–54. doi:  10.1177/0261927X09351676
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676 [Google Scholar]
  59. van Kuijk, I. , Verkoeijen, P. , Dijkstra, K. , & Zwaan, R. A.
    (2018) The Effect of Reading a Short Passage of Literary Fiction on Theory of Mind: A Replication of Kidd and Castano (2013) Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 7. doi:  10.1525/collabra.117
    https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.117 [Google Scholar]
  60. Walsh, E.
    (2015) Enda Walsh Plays: One. New York: Nick Hern Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Weare, K.
    (2000) Promoting Mental, Emotional and Social Health: A Whole School Approach. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203270059
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203270059 [Google Scholar]
  62. Widdowson, G.
    (1998) Context, community and authentic language. TESOL Quarterly, 32 (4), 705–716. doi:  10.2307/3588001
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3588001 [Google Scholar]
  63. Wolfreys, J.
    (2000) Readings: Acts of Close Reading in Literary Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/ssol.19016.kar
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/ssol.19016.kar
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): casual reading; close reading; empathy; engagement; lexical richness; social drama
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error