Finnish comet in German skies: Translation, retranslation and norms

The German comet’s tail of the Finnish Seitsemän veljestä by Aleksis Kivi — eight different translations by six translators — is spread out over the 20th century. As an exceptional case in Finnish-German translation history it provides attractive material for the translation historian interested in the historical dynamics of literary translation. This article sketches briefly the different profiles of these translations, points out the multiplicity of potential translation modes and goes on to explore the reasons for three translators’ actual choices by focusing on the socio-political situation of the translation event with its time-bound normative conditions.