1887
image of More spoken or more translated?
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This article explores the features of simultaneous interpreting (SI) from a multidimensional (MD) analysis perspective (Biber 1988), drawing on a newly built comparable intermodal corpus, the LegCo+ corpus. The corpus incorporates Cantonese speeches that are both interpreted and translated into English, as SI and written translation (WT), respectively. Additionally, a third English corpus consisting of English native speeches (NS), without mediation, serves as a benchmark comparison. We aim to examine the extent of similarities and differences between SI, NS and WT in terms of the linguistic patterns they display. Our findings show that: (1) SI is a hybrid language mode, exhibiting features that lie between those of non-mediated spoken language and mediated written language; (2) in terms of its spoken nature, SI resembles NS in certain dimensions where typical features are associated with orality, suggesting a strong modality effect; and (3) in terms of its mediated status, SI demonstrates similarities with WT, despite their perceptibly distinct modalities, pointing to a potential mediation-specific effect. These empirical findings emphasize the necessity of understanding the multidimensionality inherent in interpreted language.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/target.22028.xu
2024-09-30
2024-10-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Agrifoglio, Marjorie
    2004 “Sight Translation and Interpreting: A Comparative Analysis of Constraints and Failures.” Interpreting (): –. 10.1075/intp.6.1.05agr
    https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.6.1.05agr [Google Scholar]
  2. Avner, Ehud Alexander, Noam Ordan, and Shuly Wintner
    2016 “Identifying Translationese at the Word and Sub-word Level.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (): –. 10.1093/llc/fqu047
    https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu047 [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker, Mona
    1993 “Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies: Implications and Applications.” InText and Technology: In Honour of John Sinclair, edited byMona Baker, Gill Francis, and Elena Tognini-Bonelli, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/z.64.15bak
    https://doi.org/10.1075/z.64.15bak [Google Scholar]
  4. 1995 “Corpora in Translation Studies: An Overview and Some Suggestions for Future Research.” Target (): –. 10.1075/target.7.2.03bak
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.03bak [Google Scholar]
  5. 1996 “Corpus-based Translation Studies: The Challenges That Lie Ahead.” InTerminology, LSP and Translation: Studies in Language Engineering in Honour of Juan C. Sager, edited byHarold Somers, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.18.17bak
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.18.17bak [Google Scholar]
  6. Baroni, Marco, and Silvia Bernardini
    2006 “A New Approach to the Study of Translationese: Machine-learning the Difference between Original and Translated Text.” Literary and Linguistic Computing (): –. 10.1093/llc/fqi039
    https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqi039 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bernardini, Silvia, Adriano Ferraresi, and Maja Miličević
    2016 “From EPIC to EPTIC: Exploring Simplification in Interpreting and Translation from an Intermodal Perspective.” Target (): –. 10.1075/target.28.1.03ber
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.28.1.03ber [Google Scholar]
  8. Biber, Douglas
    1986 “Spoken and Written Textual Dimensions in English: Resolving the Contradictory Findings.” Language (): –. 10.2307/414678
    https://doi.org/10.2307/414678 [Google Scholar]
  9. 1988Variation Across Speech and Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511621024
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621024 [Google Scholar]
  10. 1992 “The Multidimensional Approach to Linguistic Analyses of Genre Variation: An Overview of Methodology and Findings.” Computers and the Humanities (): –. 10.1007/BF00136979
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136979 [Google Scholar]
  11. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, and Eddie A. Levenston
    1978 “Universals of Lexical Simplification.” Language Learning (): –. 10.1111/j.1467‑1770.1978.tb00143.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1978.tb00143.x [Google Scholar]
  12. Cencini, Marco
    2002 “On the Importance of an Encoding Standard for Corpus-based Interpreting Studies Extending the TEI Scheme.” InCULT2K, edited bySilvia Bernardini and Federico Zanettin, special issue ofInTRAlinea. https://www.intralinea.org/specials/article/1678
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Chafe, Wallace, and Jane Danielewicz
    1987 “Properties of Spoken and Written Language.” InComprehending Oral and Written Language, edited byRosalind Horowitz and S. Jay Samuels, –. London: Academic Press. 10.1163/9789004653436_007
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004653436_007 [Google Scholar]
  14. Chafe, Wallace
    1982 “Integration and Involvement in Speaking, Writing, and Oral Literature.” InSpoken and Written Language: Exploring Orality and Literacy, edited byDeborah Tannen, –. Westport: Praeger.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Chang, Chia-chien, and Diane L. Schallert
    2007 “The Impact of Directionality on Chinese/English Simultaneous Interpreting.” Interpreting (): –. 10.1075/intp.9.2.02cha
    https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.9.2.02cha [Google Scholar]
  16. Chen, Jiansheng, and Yani Cui
    2010 “A Corpus-based Study on Lexical Features in the English Translation of Report on the Work of the Government.” Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies: –.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Chesterman, Andrew
    2017Reflections on Translation Theory: Selected Papers 1993–2014. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.132
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.132 [Google Scholar]
  18. Dayter, Daria
    2018 “Describing Lexical Patterns in Simultaneously Interpreted Discourse in a Parallel Aligned Corpus of Russian-English Interpreting (SIREN).” Forum (): –. 10.1075/forum.17004.day
    https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.17004.day [Google Scholar]
  19. De Sutter, Gert, and Eline Vermeire
    2020 “Grammatical Optionality in Translations: A Multifactorial Corpus Analysis of That/Zero Alternation in English Using the MuPDAR Approach. InNew Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting, edited byLore Vandevoorde, Joke Daems, and Bart Defrancq, –. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. De Sutter, Gert, and Marie-Aude Lefer
    2020 “On the Need for a New Research Agenda for Corpus-based Translation Studies: A Multi-methodological, Multifactorial and Interdisciplinary approach.” Perspectives (): –. 10.1080/0907676X.2019.1611891
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2019.1611891 [Google Scholar]
  21. Defrancq, Bart, Koen Plevoets, and Cédric Magnifico
    2015 “Connective Items in Interpreting and Translation: Where Do They Come From?” InYearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics: Current Approaches to Discourse and Translation Studies, edited byJesús Romero-Trillo, –. New York: Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑17948‑3_9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17948-3_9 [Google Scholar]
  22. Defrancq, Bart
    2018 “The European Parliament as a Discourse Community: Its Role in Comparable Analyses of Data Drawn from Parallel Interpreting Corpora.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter: –.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Evert, Stefan, and Stella Neumann
    2017 “The Impact of Translation Direction on Characteristics of Translated Texts: A Multivariate Analysis for English and German.” InEmpirical Translation Studies: New Theoretical and Methodological Traditions, edited byGert de Sutter and Marie-Aude Lefer, –. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9783110459586‑003
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110459586-003 [Google Scholar]
  24. Ferraresi, Adriano, Silvia Bernardini, Maja Petrović, and Marie-Aude Lefer
    2018 “Simplified or Not Simplified? The Different Guises of Mediated English at the European Parliament.” Meta (): –. 10.7202/1060170ar
    https://doi.org/10.7202/1060170ar [Google Scholar]
  25. Gile, Daniel
    2001 “Consecutive vs. Simultaneous: Which is More Accurate?” Interpretation Studies (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. 2009Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Rev. ed.Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.8
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.8 [Google Scholar]
  27. Gumul, Ewa
    2006 “Explicitation in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Strategy or a By-product of Language Mediation?” Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/Acr.7.2006.2.2
    https://doi.org/10.1556/Acr.7.2006.2.2 [Google Scholar]
  28. Hu, Kaibao, and Qing Tao
    2009 “A Corpus-based Study of Explicitation of Textual Meaning in Chinese–English Conference Interpreting.” PLA International Studies University Journal (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Hu, Xianyao, Richard Xiao, and Andrew Hardie
    2016 “How do English Translations Differ from Nontranslated English Writings? A Multi-feature Statistical Model for Linguistic Variation Analysis.” Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory (): –. 10.1515/cllt‑2014‑0047
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2014-0047 [Google Scholar]
  30. Ilie, Cornelia
    2015 “Parliamentary Discourse”. InParliamentary Discourse, edited byKaren Tracy, –. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi201
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi201 [Google Scholar]
  31. Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta, and Ilmari Ivaska
    2020 “A Multivariate Approach to Lexical Diversity in Constrained Language.” Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/084.2020.00011
    https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2020.00011 [Google Scholar]
  32. Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta, and Łukasz Grabowski
    2021 “Formulaicity in Constrained Communication: An Intermodal Approach.” InReflexión crítica en los estudios de traducción basados en corpus / CTS Spring-cleaning: A Critical Reflection, edited byMaría Calzada and Sara Laviosa, special issue ofMonTI: –. 10.6035/MonTI.2021.13.05
    https://doi.org/10.6035/MonTI.2021.13.05 [Google Scholar]
  33. Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta
    2012Interpreting Universals and Interpreting Style. PhD diss. Adam Mickiewicz University.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. 2015 “Simplification in Interpreting and Translation”. Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/084.2015.16.2.5
    https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2015.16.2.5 [Google Scholar]
  35. 2022 “An Intermodal Approach to Cohesion in Constrained and Unconstrained Language.” Target (): –. 10.1075/target.19186.kaj
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19186.kaj [Google Scholar]
  36. Kotze, Haidee
    2022 “Translation as Constrained Communication: Principles, Concepts and Methods.” InExtending the Scope of Corpus-based Translation Studies, edited bySylviane Granger and Marie-Aude Lefer, –. London: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350143289.0010
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350143289.0010 [Google Scholar]
  37. Kotze, Haidee, and Bertus van Rooy
    2024 “Introduction: The Constrained Communication Framework for Studying Contact-influenced Varieties.” InConstraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings, edited byBertus van Rooy and Haidee Kotze, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/coll.60.01kot
    https://doi.org/10.1075/coll.60.01kot [Google Scholar]
  38. Kruger, Haidee, and Bertus van Rooy
    2012 “Register and the Features of Translated Language.” Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/Acr.13.2012.1.3
    https://doi.org/10.1556/Acr.13.2012.1.3 [Google Scholar]
  39. 2016 “Constrained Language: A Multidimensional Analysis of Translated English and a Non-native Indigenised Variety of English.” English World-Wide (): –. 10.1075/eww.37.1.02kru
    https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.37.1.02kru [Google Scholar]
  40. 2018 “Register Variation in Written Contact Varieties of English: A Multidimensional Analysis.” English World-Wide (): –. 10.1075/eww.00011.kru
    https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00011.kru [Google Scholar]
  41. Kruger, Haidee, and Gert de Sutter
    2018 “Alternations in Contact and Non-Contact Varieties: Reconceptualising That-Omission in Translated and Non-Translated English Using the MuPDAR Approach.” Translation, Cognition & Behavior (): –. 10.1075/tcb.00011.kru
    https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00011.kru [Google Scholar]
  42. Kruger, Haidee
    2019 “That Again: A Multivariate Analysis of the Factors Conditioning Syntactic Explicitness in Translated English.” Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/084.001
    https://doi.org/10.1556/084.001 [Google Scholar]
  43. Lanstyák, István, and Pál Heltai
    2012 “Universals in Language Contact and Translation.” Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/Acr.13.2012.1.6
    https://doi.org/10.1556/Acr.13.2012.1.6 [Google Scholar]
  44. Laviosa, Sara
    1998 “Core Patterns of Lexical Use in a Comparable Corpus of English Narrative Prose.” Meta (): –. 10.7202/003425ar
    https://doi.org/10.7202/003425ar [Google Scholar]
  45. Li, Dechao, and Kefei Wang
    2012 “A Corpus-based Study on Lexical Patterns in Simultaneous Interpreting from Chinese into English.” Modern Foreign Languages: –.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Liang, Junying, and Qianxi Lv
    2020 “Converging Evidence in Empirical Interpreting Studies: Peculiarities, Paradigms and Prospects.” InNew Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting, edited byLore Vandevoorde, Joke Daems, and Bart Defrancq, –. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Lv, Qianxi, and Junying Liang
    2018 “Is Consecutive Interpreting Easier than Simultaneous Interpreting? A Corpus-based Study of Lexical Simplification in Interpretation.” Perspectives (): –. 10.1080/0907676X.2018.1498531
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1498531 [Google Scholar]
  48. Nini, Andrea
    2014 The Multidimensional Analysis Tagger. https://sites.google.com/site/multidimensionaltagger
  49. Olohan, Maeve, and Mona Baker
    2000 “Reporting That in Translated English: Evidence for Subconscious Processes of Explicitation?” Across Languages and Cultures (): –. 10.1556/Acr.1.2000.2.1
    https://doi.org/10.1556/Acr.1.2000.2.1 [Google Scholar]
  50. Pym, Antony
    2015 “Translating as Risk Management.” Journal of Pragmatics: –. 10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.010
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.010 [Google Scholar]
  51. Qin, Hongwu, and Kefei Wang
    2009 “A Parallel Corpus-based Study of Chinese as Target Language in EC Translation.” Foreign Language Teaching and Research: –.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Russell, Debra
    2002Interpreting in Legal Contexts: Consecutive and Simultaneous Interpretation. Burtonsville, MD: Linstok.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Russo, Mariachiara, Claudio Bendazzoli, and Annalisa Sandrelli
    2006 “Looking for Lexical Patterns in a Trilingual Corpus of Source and Interpreted Speeches: Extended Analysis of EPIC (European Parliament Interpreting Corpus).” Forum (): –. 10.1075/forum.4.1.10rus
    https://doi.org/10.1075/forum.4.1.10rus [Google Scholar]
  54. Sandrelli, Annalisa, and Claudio Bendazzoli
    2005 “Lexical Patterns in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Preliminary Investigation of EPIC (European Parliament Interpreting Corpus).” Proceedings from the Corpus Linguistics Conference Series (): –. Birmingham: University of Birmingham. https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-artslaw/corpus/conference-archives/2005-journal/ContrastiveCorpusLinguistics/lexicalpatternsinsimultaneousinterpreting.doc
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Scott, Mike
    2012 WordSmith Tools (Version 6). Lexical Analysis Software. https://lexically.net/wordsmith/downloads/
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Shlesinger, Miriam, and Noam Ordan
    2012 “More Spoken or More Translated? Exploring a Known Unknown of Simultaneous Interpreting.” Target (): –. 10.1075/target.24.1.04shl
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.24.1.04shl [Google Scholar]
  57. Shlesinger, Miriam
    1989Simultaneous Interpretation as a Factor in Effecting Shifts in the Position of Texts in the Oral-Literate Continuum. MA thesis. Tel Aviv University.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. 1995 “Shifts in Cohesion in Simultaneous Interpreting.” The Translator (): –. 10.1080/13556509.1995.10798957
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.1995.10798957 [Google Scholar]
  59. 1998 “Corpus-based Interpreting Studies as an Offshoot of Corpus-based Translation Studies.” Meta (): –. 10.7202/004136ar
    https://doi.org/10.7202/004136ar [Google Scholar]
  60. 2008 “Towards a Definition of Interpretese: An Intermodal, Corpus-based Study.” InEfforts and Models in Interpreting and Translation Research: A Tribute to Daniel Gile, edited byGyde Hansen, Andrew Chesterman, and Heidrun G. Arbogast, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Van Rooy, Bertus, Lize Terblanche, Christoph Haase, and Joseph Schmied
    2010 “Register Differentiation in East African English: A Multidimensional Study.” English World-Wide (): –. 10.1075/eww.31.3.04van
    https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.3.04van [Google Scholar]
  62. Volansky, Vered, Noam Ordan, and Shuly Wintner
    2015 “On the Features of Translationese.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (): –. 10.1093/llc/fqt031
    https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqt031 [Google Scholar]
  63. Wu, Baimei, Andrew K. F. Cheung, and Xing Jie
    2021 “Learning Chinese Political Formulaic Phraseology from a Self-built Bilingual United Nations Security Council corpus: A pilot study.” Babel (): –. 10.1075/babel.00233.wu
    https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00233.wu [Google Scholar]
  64. Xiao, Xiaoyan
    2015On the Oral-Literate Continuum: A Corpus-based Study of Interpretese. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Xu, Cui
    2021Identification of L2 Interpretese: A Corpus-based, Intermodal, and Multidimensional Analysis. PhD diss. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Xu, Cui, and Dechao Li
    2022 “Exploring Genre Variation and Simplification in Interpreted Language from Comparable and Intermodal Perspectives.” Babel (): –. 10.1075/babel.00289.cui
    https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00289.cui [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/target.22028.xu
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/target.22028.xu
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error