Abstract
Abstract
The cognitive demands associated with performing a task involve at least two dimensions: (1) the load dimension
that is related to the assumed task difficulty and (2) the effort dimension that reflects the resources invested in a task. This
study considers whether this distinction is actually relevant to translators and interpreters when they report load and effort
and, if so, how the assumed psychological reality of these two dimensions is related to task performance. In this study,
professional translators and interpreters performed naturalistic tasks with comparable stimuli, working from English into German.
After each task, they were asked to rate their experienced load and effort as part of the NASA Task Load Index. Their performance
was measured by analysing process and product indicators that correspond in interpreting and translation. Results indicate that
while self-reported load and effort are highly correlated, their relationships to process or product measures appear to be more
complex.
© 2023 John Benjamins
Article metrics loading...
/content/journals/10.1075/tcb.00073.gie
2023-03-14
2024-03-29
-
/content/journals/10.1075/tcb.00073.gie
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Full text loading...
References
-
Alves, Fabio
2007 ‘Cognitive
Effort and Contextual Effect in Translation: A Relevance-Theoretic Approach’. Journal of
Translation
Studies10 (1): 57–76.
[Google Scholar]
-
Alves, Fabio, and José
Luiz Gonçalves
2013 ‘Investigating
the Conceptual-Procedural Distinction in the Translation
Process’.
Target25 (1): 107–24.
10.1075/target.25.1.09alv
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.09alv
[Google Scholar]
-
Angell, James
Rowland, and Helen
Bradford Thompson
1899 ‘A
Study of the Relations between Certain Organic Processes and Consciousness.’
Psychological
Review6 (1): 32–69.
10.1037/h0072367
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0072367
[Google Scholar]
-
Angelone, Erik, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey
[Google Scholar]
-
Angelone, Erik, and Álvaro
Marín García
2022 ‘Reconceptualizing
Breaks in Translation: Breaking Down or Breaking Through?
Translation &
Interpreting14(2),
Art. 2.
10.12807/ti.114202.2022.a05
https://doi.org/10.12807/ti.114202.2022.a05
[Google Scholar]
-
APA American Psychological
Association
[Google Scholar]
-
Barrouillet, Pierre, Sophie Bernardin, and Valérie Camos
2004 ‘Time
Constraints and Resource Sharing in Adults’ Working Memory Spans.’
Journal of Experimental
Psychology:
General133 (1): 83–100.
10.1037/0096‑3445.133.1.83
https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.83
[Google Scholar]
-
Barrouillet, Pierre, Sophie Bernardin, Sophie Portrat, Evie Vergauwe, and Valérie Camos
2007 ‘Time
and Cognitive Load in Working Memory.’
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
and
Cognition33 (3): 570–85.
10.1037/0278‑7393.33.3.570
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.570
[Google Scholar]
-
Boersma, Paul, and David Weenink
2013 Praat.
Doing Phonetics by Computer (
version 5.3.51).
www.praat.org
[Google Scholar]
-
Chen, Sijia
https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2016.1278026
[Google Scholar]
-
Chmiel, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Szarkowska, Danijel Koržinek, Agnieszka Lijewska, Łukasz Dutka, Łukasz Brocki, and Krzysztof Marasek
2017 ‘Ear–Voice
Span and Pauses in Intra- and Interlingual Respeaking: An Exploratory Study into Temporal Aspects of the Respeaking
Process’.
Applied
Psycholinguistics38 (5): 1201–27.
10.1017/S0142716417000108
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716417000108
[Google Scholar]
-
Davies, Mark
[Google Scholar]
-
Díaz-Galaz, Stephanie, Presentación Padilla, and M.
Teresa Bajo
2015 ‘The
Role of Advance Preparation in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Comparison of Professional Interpreters and Interpreting
Students’.
Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in
Interpreting17 (1): 1–25.
10.1075/intp.17.1.01dia
https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.17.1.01dia
[Google Scholar]
-
Ehrensberger-Dow, Maureen, Michaela Albl-Mikasa, Katrin Andermatt, Andrea
Hunziker Heeb, and Caroline Lehr
2020 ‘Cognitive
Load in Processing ELF: Translators, Interpreters, and Other Multilinguals’.
Journal of English
as a Lingua
Franca9 (2): 217–38.
10.1515/jelf‑2020‑2039
https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2039
[Google Scholar]
-
Fox, John
2003 ‘Effect
Displays in R for Generalised Linear Models’.
Journal of Statistical
Software8 (15): 27.
10.18637/jss.v008.i15
https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v008.i15
[Google Scholar]
-
Galy, Edith, Julie Paxion, and Catherine Berthelon
2018 ‘Measuring
Mental Workload with the NASA-TLX Needs to Examine Each Dimension Rather than Relying on the Global Score: An Example with
Driving’.
Ergonomics61 (4): 517–27.
10.1080/00140139.2017.1369583
https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1369583
[Google Scholar]
-
Gieshoff, Anne
Catherine
2021 ‘Does It Help to See the
Speaker’s Lip Movements? An Investigation of Cognitive Load and Mental Effort in Simultaneous
Interpreting’.
Translation, Cognition &
Behavior4 (1): 1–25.
10.1075/tcb.00049.gie
https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00049.gie
[Google Scholar]
-
Gieshoff, Anne
Catherine, and Michaela Albl-Mikasa
https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2022.2088296
[Google Scholar]
-
Gieshoff, Anne
Catherine, Caroline Lehr, and Andrea
Hunziker Heeb
2021 ‘Stress,
Cognitive, Emotional and Ergonomic Demands in Interpreting and Translation: A Review of Physiological
Studies’.
Cognitive Linguistic
Studies8 (2): 404–39.
10.1075/cogls.00084.gie
https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00084.gie
[Google Scholar]
-
Gile, Daniel
2009 Basic
Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training: Revised Edition. 2nd
ed.
Vol.
81. Benjamins Translation
Library. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing
Company.
10.1075/btl.8
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.8
[Google Scholar]
-
Gile, Daniel
2017 ‘Testing
the Effort Models’ Tightrope Hypothesis in Simultaneous Interpreting – A
Contribution’.
HERMES – Journal of Language and Communication in
Business12 (23): 153.
10.7146/hjlcb.v12i23.25553
https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v12i23.25553
[Google Scholar]
-
Gile, Daniel, and Victoria Lei
2021 ‘Translation,
Effort and Cognition’. In
The Routledge Handbook of Translation and
Cognition, edited by
Fabio Alves and Arnt
Lykke Jakobsen, 1st
ed.
Routledge Handbooks in Translation and Interpreting Studies, 263–78. New
York: Taylor and Francis.
10.4324/9781315178127‑18
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315178127-18
[Google Scholar]
-
Hart, Sandra
G., and Lowell
E. Staveland
1988 ‘Development
of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical
Research’. In
Human Mental Workload, edited
by
Peter Hancock and Meshkati, 521: 139–83. Advances
in Psychology. North
Holland: Elsevier.
10.1016/S0166‑4115(08)62386‑9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
[Google Scholar]
-
Hertzum, Morten
2021 ‘Associations
among Workload Dimensions, Performance, and Situational Characteristics: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Task Load
Index’.
Behaviour & Information
Technology, 1–13.
10.1080/0144929X.2021.2000642
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.2000642
[Google Scholar]
-
Hunziker
Heeb, Andrea, Caroline Lehr, and Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
2021 ‘Situated
Translators: Cognitive Load and the Role of Emotions’. In
Advances in
Cognitive Translation Studies, edited by
Ricardo
Muñoz Martín, Sanjun Sun, and Defeng Li, 47–65. Singapore: Springer
Singapore.
10.1007/978‑981‑16‑2070‑6_3
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2070-6_3
[Google Scholar]
-
Hvelplund, Kristian T.
2017 ‘Translators’ Use of Digital Resources during Translation’.
HERMES – Journal of Language and Communication in Business561: 71–87.
10.7146/hjlcb.v0i56.97205
https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i56.97205
[Google Scholar]
-
Jang, Hyesue, Ziyong Lin, and Cindy Lustig
2020 ‘Losing
Money and Motivation: Effects of Loss Incentives on Motivation and Metacognition in Younger and Older
Adults’.
Frontiers in
Psychology111 (July): 1489.
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01489
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01489
[Google Scholar]
-
Kahneman, Daniel
1973 Attention
and Effort. Prentice-Hall Series in Experimental
Psychology. Englewood Cliffs,
N.J: Prentice-Hall.
[Google Scholar]
-
Kahneman, Daniel
2013 Thinking,
Fast and Slow. 1st pbk. ed.New
York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
[Google Scholar]
-
Koehn, Philipp, and Christof Monz
2006 ‘Manual
and Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation between European
Languages’. In
Proceedings of the Workshop on Statistical Machine
Translation – StatMT ’06, 102. New York City, New
York: Association for Computational Linguistics.
10.3115/1654650.1654666
https://doi.org/10.3115/1654650.1654666
[Google Scholar]
-
Krings, Hans
Peter
2001 Repairing Texts: Empirical
Investigations of Machine Translation Post-Editing Processes. Trans.Geoffrey
S. Koby, Gregory
M. Shreve, Katja Mischerikow, and Sarah Litzer. Kent,
OH: Kent State University Press.
[Google Scholar]
-
Kurz, Ingrid
2002 ‘Conference
Interpreting: Quality in the Ears of the
User’.
Meta46 (2): 394–409.
10.7202/003364ar
https://doi.org/10.7202/003364ar
[Google Scholar]
-
Lacruz, Isabel
2017 ‘Cognitive
Effort in Translation, Editing, and Post-editing’. In
The Handbook of
Translation and Cognition, edited by
John
W. Schwieter and Aline Ferreira, 1st
ed., 386–401. Wiley.
10.1002/9781119241485.ch21
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119241485.ch21
[Google Scholar]
-
Leijten, Mariëlle, and Luuk
Van Waes
2013 ‘Keystroke
Logging in Writing Research: Using Inputlog to Analyze and Visualize Writing
Processes’.
Written
Communication30 (3): 358–92.
10.1177/0741088313491692
https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088313491692
[Google Scholar]
-
Muñoz
Martín, Ricardo
2012 ‘Just
a Matter of Scope. Mental Load in Translation Process Research’.
Translation
Spaces1 (1): 169–88.
10.1075/ts.1.08mun
https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.1.08mun
[Google Scholar]
-
Muñoz
Martín, Ricardo, and José
M.
Cardona Guerra
2019 ‘Translating
in Fits and Starts: Pause Thresholds and Roles in the Research of Translation
Processes’.
Perspectives, 27 (4): 525–551.
10.1080/0907676X.2018.1531897
https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1531897
[Google Scholar]
-
Paas, Fred, Juhani
E. Tuovinen, Huib Tabbers, and Pascal
W. M.
Van Gerven
2003 ‘Cognitive
Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory’.
Educational
Psychologist38 (1): 63–71.
10.1207/S15326985EP3801_8
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_8
[Google Scholar]
-
Plevoets, Koen, and Bart Defrancq
2018 ‘The
Cognitive Load of Interpreters in the European Parliament: A Corpus-Based Study of Predictors for the Disfluency
Uh(m)’.
Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in
Interpreting20 (1): 1–32.
10.1075/intp.00001.ple
https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00001.ple
[Google Scholar]
-
Pym, Anthony
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.010
[Google Scholar]
-
R Core Team
R Core Team
2020 R: A Language and
Environment for Statistical Computing (
version 3.6.3). Vienna,
Austria.
https://www.R-project.org
[Google Scholar]
-
Seeber, Kilian
G.
https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.13.2.02see
[Google Scholar]
-
Seeber, Kilian
G.
2015 ‘Cognitive Load in Simultaneous
Interpreting: Measures and Methods’. In
Benjamins Current
Topics, edited by
Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, Susanne Göpferich, and Sharon O’Brien, 721:18–33. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins Publishing Company.
10.1075/bct.72.03see
https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.72.03see
[Google Scholar]
-
Setton, Robin
1999 Simultaneous
Interpretation: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Analysis.
Benjamins Translation Library
28. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
10.1075/btl.28
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.28
[Google Scholar]
-
Shenhav, Amitai, Sebastian Musslick, Falk Lieder, Wouter Kool, Thomas
L. Griffiths, Jonathan
D. Cohen, and Matthew
M. Botvinick
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031526
[Google Scholar]
-
Sun, Sanjun
2015 ‘Measuring
Translation Difficulty: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations’.
Across Languages and
Cultures16 (1): 29–54.
10.1556/084.2015.16.1.2
https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2015.16.1.2
[Google Scholar]
-
Sun, Sanjun, and Gregory
M. Shreve
2014 ‘Measuring
Translation Difficulty: An Empirical Study’.
Target. International Journal of Translation
Studies26 (1): 98–127.
10.1075/target.26.1.04sun
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.26.1.04sun
[Google Scholar]
-
Sweller, J.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8
[Google Scholar]
-
Sweller, John
2010 ‘Element
Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load’.
Educational Psychology
Review22 (2): 123–38.
10.1007/s10648‑010‑9128‑5
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5
[Google Scholar]
-
Wickens, Christopher
D.
2008 ‘Multiple Resources and Mental
Workload’.
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society50 (3): 449–55.
10.1518/001872008X288394
https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008X288394
[Google Scholar]
-
Wickham, Hadley
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4
[Google Scholar]
-
Wickham, Hadley, Mara Averick, Jennifer Bryan, Winston Chang, Lucy McGowan, Romain François, Garrett Grolemund,
2019 ‘Welcome
to the Tidyverse’.
Journal of Open Source
Software4 (43): 1686.
10.21105/joss.01686
https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686
[Google Scholar]
-
Young, Mark
S., Karel
A. Brookhuis, Christopher
D. Wickens, and Peter
A. Hancock
https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.956151
[Google Scholar]
-
Young, Mark
S., and Neville
Anthony Stanton
2004 ‘Mental
Workload’. In
Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics
Methods, edited by
Neville
Anthony Stanton, Alan Hedge, Karel Brookhuis, Eduardo Salas, and Hal
W. Hendrick, 0
ed.
CRC Press.
10.1201/9780203489925.ch39
https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203489925.ch39
[Google Scholar]
-
Yu, Wenting, and Vincent
J.
van Heuven
2017 ‘Predicting
Judged Fluency of Consecutive Interpreting from Acoustic Measures: Potential for Automatic Assessment and Pedagogic
Implications’.
Interpreting19 (1): 47–68.
10.1075/intp.19.1.03yu
https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.19.1.03yu
[Google Scholar]
-
Zwischenberger, Cornelia
2010 ‘Quality
Criteria in Simultaneous Interpreting: An International vs. a National View’.
The Interpreters’
Newsletter151: 127–42.
hdl.handle.net/10077/4754
[Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/tcb.00073.gie