1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Translation and Interpreting Studies. The Journal of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association
  4. Volume 11, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 11, Issue 2
  • ISSN 1932-2798
  • E-ISSN: 1876-2700
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

T. S. Eliot’s early poems, as well as his letters and prose, contain expressions of anti-Semitism. This article deals with the way in which Hebrew translators and others involved in the production of translations, such as scholars contributing introductions, have treated this issue. Based on the premise that the image of a foreign author can be manipulated by the very selection of the texts to be translated, as well as by paratexts such as introductions and footnotes, it examines how Eliot has been presented to the Hebrew readership. Three approaches of presenting Eliot are described. The examination of these approaches leads to the conclusion that Eliot’s expressions of anti-Semitism did not significantly interfere with the construction of his image in the target culture despite the antagonism expressed by some translators and critics. Finally, the paper attempts to explain this indifference, which is particularly striking when compared to the ongoing debate about Eliot’s anti-Semitism in the English-speaking world.

© 2016 John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/tis.11.2.06wei
2016-07-22
2025-04-27

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/tis.11.2.06wei
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Eliot, T.S
    1934 After Strange Gods: A Primer of Modern Heresy. London: Faber & Faber.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. 1936 “Review of The Yellow Spot.” Criterion (July).
     [Google Scholar]
  3. 1940 The Idea of a Christian Society. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. 1963 Collected Poems 1909–1962. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 1970/1928 For Lancelot Andrewes: Essays on Style and Order. London: Faber & Faber.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 1982 The Idea of a Christian Society and Other Writings. London: Faber & Faber.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. 1988/1928 “Review of The Future of an Illusion.” InFreud without Hindsight: Reviews of his Work 1893–1939, ed. by Norman Kiell , 575–577. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Eliot, Valerie
    (ed) 1988 The Letters of T. S. Eliot. Vol. 1: 1898–1922. London: Faber & Faber.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Eliot, Valerie and Hugh Haughton
    (eds) 2009 The Letters of T. S. Eliot. Vol. 2: 1923–1925. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Avidan, David
    (trans) 1993 “Ha-Anashim ha-Khalulim” [“The Hollow Men”]. Achshav60: 12–15.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. (trans.) 1993/1965 “Marina.” Achshav60: 9–10.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. (trans) 2001/1965 “Marina.” InHa-Neshika mi-Ba’ad la-Mitpakhat: Mivkhar Hashva’ot Tirgumei Shira [ A Kiss through the Veil: Hebrew Verse Translations by Many Hands Compared ], ed. by Asher Reich , 190. Tel Aviv: Am Oved.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Ben, Menachem
    (trans) 1993/1967 “Miskhak Shakhmat” [“A Game of Chess” from “The Waste Land”]. Achshav60: 11–12.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Bernstein, Ory
    (trans., notes, and introduction) 2010 Kol Shirei T. S. Eliot [ T. S. Eliot: Collected Poems 1909–1962 ]. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Bejerano, Maya
    (trans.) 1993 “Yom Revi’i shel Efer” [“Ash Wednesday”]. Achshav60: 16–20.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Bronovsky, Yoram
    (trans) 1975 Al ha-Shira [ On Poetry ]. Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan Modan.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Dor, Moshe
    (trans) 2001/1965 “Marina.” InHa-Neshika mi-Ba’ad la-Mitpakhat: Mivkhar Hashva’ot Tirgumei Shira [ A Kiss through the Veil: Hebrew Verse Translations by Many Hands Compared ], ed. by Asher Reich , 189. Tel Aviv: Am Oved.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. (trans.) 2003 “Le-T. S. Eliot” [“To T. S. Eliot”]. InBe-Siman Kokhav: Shirei Meshorerim Yehudim be-Sifrut ha-Olam [ Anthology of Jewish Poets in World Literature ], ed. by Itamar Yaoz-Kest , 224–225. Tel Aviv: Eked.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Gelber, Dalia
    (trans.) 1981 Mi-Shirei T. S. Eliot [ Poems by T. S. Eliot ]. Introduction by Richard E. Sherwin. Tel Aviv: Eked.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. (trans) 2001/1981 “Marina.” InHa-Neshika mi-Ba’ad la-Mitpakhat: Mivkhar Hashva’ot Tirgumei Shira [ A Kiss through the Veil: Hebrew Verse Translations by Many Hands Compared ], ed. by Asher Reich , 192. Tel Aviv: Am Oved.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Ravikovitch, Dalia
    (trans) 1976 “Gerontion” (a segment). InTehom Kore [ Deep Calls ], 59–60. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad. Also in: Ravikovitch, Dalia. 1995. Kol ha-Shirim ad Ko [The Complete Poems So Far], 348–349. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hemaeuchad.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Reich, Asher
    (ed) 2001 Ha-Neshika mi-Ba’ad la-Mitpakhat: Mivkhar Hashva’ot Tirgumei Shira [ A Kiss through the Veil: Hebrew Verse Translations by Many Hands Compared ], ed. by Asher Reich . Tel Aviv: Am Oved.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Sandbank, Shimon
    (trans) 1972 “Marina,” “Gerontion,” “Yom Revi’i shel Efer” [“Ash Wednesday”]. InAntologia Anglit: Leket Shira min ha-Me’a ha-Asirit ad ha-Yom [ English Anthology: English Verse from “The Wanderer” to Ted Hughes ], 259–266. Jerusalem and Tel Aviv: Schocken.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. (trans) 2001/1972 “Marina.” InHa-Neshika mi-Ba’ad la-Mitpakhat: Mivkhar Hashva’ot Tirgumei Shira [ A Kiss through the Veil: Hebrew Verse Translations by Many Hands Compared ], ed. by Asher Reich , 191. Tel Aviv: Am Oved.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Seter, Gideon
    (trans) 2002 “Burbank im ha-Baedeker: Bleistein im Sigar” [“Burbank with the Baedeker; Bleistein with a Cigar”]. In“Antishemiyut Mefuyetet” [“Lyrical Anti-Semitism”]. Nativ 87–88: 70–80.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Stern, Noah
    (trans) 1974/1940 “Eretz ha-Shmama” [“The Waste Land”]. InBein Arpilim: Shirim, Tirgumim, Reshimot [ Among Mists: Poems, Translations, Essays ]. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Vizan, Yehuda
    (ed) 2014 Ezra Pound – Mivkhar Ktavim [Ezra Pound – Selected Writings]. Tel Aviv: Dekhak.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Wolfman, Yafa
    (trans) 1993 “Little Gidding” [The name has been transcribed] from “Four Quartets.”Achshav60: 21–22.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Bassnett, Susan , and André Lefevere
    (eds) 1990 Translation, History and Culture. London and New York: Pinter.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ben-Ari, Nitsa
    2002 “The Double Conversion of Ben-Hur: A Case of Manipulative Translation.” Target14 (2): 263–301. doi: 10.1075/target.14.2.05ben
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.14.2.05ben [Google Scholar]
  31. Black, Joseph
    2010 The Broadview Anthology of English Literature. Vol. 6A. Calgary: Broadview Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Bourdieu, Pierre , and Jean-Claude Passeron
    1977 Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Bourdieu, Pierre , and Loïc Wacquant
    1992 An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Bronovsky, Yoram
    1994 “Sheker u-Shmo Biographia” [“A Lie Named Biography”]. Haaretz (June17).
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Cohen, Shimon
    2007 “Meshorer Antishemi be-Virkat Sarat ha-Khinukh” [“An Anti-Semitic Poet Embraced by the Minister of Education”]. Arutz7 [ Channel 7] (September12). Last accessedMarch 23, 2013. www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/166644.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Empson, William
    1984 Using Biography. London: Chatto and Windus.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Farahzad, Farzaneh
    2003 “Manipulation in Translation.” Perspectives11 (4): 269–281. doi: 10.1080/0907676X.2003.9961480
     https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2003.9961480 [Google Scholar]
  38. Fox, Margalit
    2011 “Emanuel Litvinoff, Poet and Detractor of T. S. Eliot, Dies at 96.” The New York Times (October3). Last accessedMarch 23, 2013. www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/books/emanuel-litvinoff-poet-dies-at-96.html.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Genette, Gérard
    1997/1982 Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree, trans. by Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky . Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Grudzensky, Shlomo
    1972 “Ha-Mikre George Steiner” [“The Case Joseph Steiner”]. Davar (February18), 19, 23.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Hermans, Theo
    (ed) 1985 The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Ivry, Benjamin
    2011 “T. S. Eliot’s On-Again, Off-Again Anti-Semitism.” Forward23 (September). Last accessedMarch 24, 2013. forward.com/articles/142722/ts-eliots-on-again-off-again-anti-semitism/.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Julius, Anthony
    1995 T. S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism and Literary Form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. 2003a “A Response to Ronald Schuchard.” Modernism/modernity10 (1): 41–47. doi: 10.1353/mod.2003.0015
     https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2003.0015 [Google Scholar]
  45. 2003b “The Poetry of Prejudice.” The Guardian (June7). Last accessedMarch 23, 2013. www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/jun/07/poetry.thomasstearnseliot.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Kuran-Burçoğlu, Nedret
    2000 “At the Crossroads of Translation Studies and Imagology.” InTranslation in Context: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress, ed. by Andrew Chesterman , Natividad Gallardo San Salvador , and Yves Gambier , 143–150. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.39.16kur
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.39.16kur [Google Scholar]
  47. Lefevere, André
    1992 Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London and New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Lewis, Bernard
    1986 Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. New York: W.W. Norton.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. O’Sullivan, Carol M
    2011 “Croker vs. Montalembert on the Political Future of England: Towards a Theory of Antipathetic Translation.” InTranslation and Opposition [ Translating Europe , vol. 4], ed. by Dimitris Asimakoulas and Margaret Rogers , 182–203. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Pellat, Valerie
    2013 “Introduction.” InText, Extratext, Metatext and Paratext in Translation, ed. by Valerie Pellatt , 1–6. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Perloff, Marjorie
    2003 “A Response to Ronald Schuchard.” Modernism/modernity10 (1): 51–56. doi: 10.1353/mod.2003.0023
     https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2003.0023 [Google Scholar]
  52. Pokorn, Nike K
    2010 “A World Without God: Slovene Bambi.” InWhy Translation Studies Matters, ed. by Daniel Gile , Gyde Hansen , and Nike K. Pokorn , 57–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.88.06pok
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.88.06pok [Google Scholar]
  53. Regelson, Avraham
    1951 “Eliot: Hatafato ve-Shirato” [“Eliot: His Preaching and Poetry”]. Orlogin3. Last accessedMarch 23, 2013. benyehuda.org/regelson/eliot_hatafato.html.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Ricks, Christopher
    1988 T. S. Eliot and Prejudice. London: Faber & Faber.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Sandbank, Shimon
    1976 Shtei Brekhot ba-Ya’ar: Ksharim u-Makbilot bein ha-Shira ha-Ivrit ve-ha-Shira ha-Eiropit [ Two Pools in the Wood: Hebrew Poetry and the European Tradition ]. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Schuchard, Ronald
    2003 “Burbank with a Baedeker, Eliot with a Cigar: American Intellectuals, Anti-Semitism, and the Idea of Culture.” Modernism/modernity10 (1): 1–26. doi: 10.1353/mod.2003.0021
     https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2003.0021 [Google Scholar]
  57. Sela-Sheffy, Rakefet
    2005 “How to Be a (Recognized) Translator: Rethinking Habitus, Norms, and the Field of Translation.” Target17 (1): 1–26. doi: 10.1075/target.17.1.02sel
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17.1.02sel [Google Scholar]
  58. Seter, Gideon
    2002 “Antishemiyut Mefuyetet: Sipura shel Em ha-Minzar le-Jeoffrey Chaucer; Burbank im ha-Baedeker le-T. S. Eliot” [“Lyrical Anti-Semitism: The Prioress’s Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer, and Burbank with a Baedeker by T. S. Eliot”]. Nativ87–88 (September): 70–80.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Sherry, Samantha
    2010 “Censorship in Translation in the Soviet Union: The Manipulative Rewriting of Howard Fast’s Novel The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti .” Slavonica16 (1): 1–14. doi: 10.1179/136174210X12639903087016
     https://doi.org/10.1179/136174210X12639903087016 [Google Scholar]
  60. Sherwin, Richard E
    1981 “Al T. S. Eliot” [“On T. S. Eliot”]. Introduction to Mi-Shirei T. S. Eliot [Poems by T. S. Eliot]trans. by Dalia Gelber . Tel Aviv: Eked.
  61. 2001 A review ofT. S. Eliot’s Bleistein Poems: Uses of Literary Allusion in “Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar” and “Dirge”by Patricia Sloane (2000). H-Antisemitism (February). Last accessedMarch 23, 2013. www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=4900.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Simeoni, Daniel
    1998 “The Pivotal Status of the Translator’s Habitus.” Target10 (1): 1–39. doi: 10.1075/target.10.1.02sim
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.10.1.02sim [Google Scholar]
  63. Sloane, Patricia
    2000 T. S. Eliot’s Bleistein Poems: Uses of Literary Allusion in “Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar” and “Dirge.”Bethesda, MD: International Scholars Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Sterling, Michael
    2011 “Emanuel Litvinoff vs. T. S. Eliot.”Habitus: A Diaspora Journal. Last accessed March 23, 2013. habitusmag.com/2011/10/5023/emanuel-litvinoff-vs-t-s-eliot/.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Tahir-Gürçaglar, Şehnaz
    2002 “What Texts Don’t Tell: The Use of Paratexts in Translation Research.” InCrosscultural Transgressions: Research Models in Translation Studies II: Historical and Ideological Issues, ed. by Theo Hermans , 44–60. Manchester: St. Jerome.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Toury, Gideon
    2012 Descriptive Translation Studies — and Beyond, revised edition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.100
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.100 [Google Scholar]
  67. Vizan, Yehuda
    2011 “Dir ha-Shirim: ‘Kol Shirei T. S. Eliot’ be-Tirgumo shel Ory Bernstein – Avel” [“Pen of songs (instead of Shir ha-Shirim – Song of Songs, an intended insult): ‘All the poems by T. S. Eliot’ Translated by Ory Bernstein – An Injustice”]. Walla/Culture (April15). Last accessedMarch 23, 2013. e.walla.co.il/?w=/266/1815752.
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Weissbrod, Rachel
    2006 “Coping with Anti-Semitism in Hebrew Literary Translation.” InÜbersetzen – Translating – Traduire: Towards a “Social Turn”?ed. by Michaela Wolf , 143–152. Münster: LIT.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Zhang, Mei
    2012 “Translation Manipulated by Ideology and Poetics - A Case Study of The Jade Mountain .” Theory and Practice in Language Studies2 (4): 754–758.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/tis.11.2.06wei
Loading
  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): anti-Semitism; image construction; manipulation; paratexts; poetry; T. S. Eliot

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error