oa The machine translator’s visibility

References

1. Aagaard, Jesper
   2017 “Introducing Postphenomenological Research: A Brief and Selective Sketch of Phenomenological Research Methods.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education (): –. 10.1080/09518398.2016.1263884
   https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1263884 [Google Scholar]
2. Abdallah, Kristiina
   2011 “Quality Problems in AVT Production Networks: Reconstructing an Actor-Network in the Subtitling Industry.” InAudiovisual Translation in Close-up: Practical and Theoretical ApproachesTranslation Close-Up, edited byAdriana Serban, Anna Matamala, and Jean-Marc Lavaur, –. Peter Lang. 10.3726/978‑3‑0351‑0209‑3
   https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0351-0209-3 [Google Scholar]
3. Asscher, Omri
   2023 “The Position of Machine Translation in Translation Studies: A Definitional Perspective.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.22035.ass
   https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22035.ass [Google Scholar]
4. Battersby, Matilda
   2024 “Academic Authors “shocked” after Taylor & Francis Sells Access to Their Research to Microsoft AI.” The Bookseller, July 2024. https://www.thebookseller.com/news/academic-authors-shocked-after-taylor--francis-sells-access-to-their-research-to-microsoft-ai
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bijker, Wiebe E.
   1999 Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. MIT Press.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Bird, Steven, Robert Dale, Bonnie Dorr
   2008 “The ACL Anthology Reference Corpus: A Reference Dataset for Bibliographic Research in Computational Linguistics.” InProceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’08). European Language Resources Association (ELRA). www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/445_paper.pdf
   [Google Scholar]
7. Bowker, Lynne, and Jairo Buitrago Ciro
   2019 Machine Translation and Global Research: Towards Improved Machine Translation Literacy in the Scholarly Community. Emerald Publishing.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Briakou, Eleftheria, Colin Cherry, and George Foster
   2023 “Searching for Needles in a Haystack: On the Role of Incidental Bilingualism in PaLM’s Translation Capability.” arXiv. 10.48550/arXiv.2305.10266
   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.10266
9. Buzelin, Hélène
   2005 “Unexpected Allies: How Latour’s Network Theory Could Complement Bourdieusian Analyses in Translation Studies.” The Translator (): –. 10.1080/13556509.2005.10799198
   https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2005.10799198 [Google Scholar]
10. Cadwell, Patrick, Sharon O’Brien, and Carlos S. C. Teixeira
    2018 “Resistance and Accommodation: Factors for the (Non-) Adoption of Machine Translation among Professional Translators.” Perspectives (): –. 10.1080/0907676X.2017.1337210
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2017.1337210 [Google Scholar]
11. Canfora, Carmen, and Angelika Ottmann
    2020 “Risks in Neural Machine Translation.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.00021.can
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00021.can [Google Scholar]
12. Carré, Alice, Dorothy Kenny, Caroline Rossi, Pilar Sánchez-Gijón, and Olga Torres-Hostench
    2022 ‘Machine Translation for Language Learners’. InMachine Translation for Everyone, edited byDorothy Kenny, –. Language Science Press. 10.5281/ZENODO.6760024
    https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6760024 [Google Scholar]
13. Castilho, Sheila, Clodagh Mallon, Rahel Meister, and Shengya Yue
    2023 “Do online Machine Translation Systems Care for Context? What About a GPT Model?” InProceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, edited byMary Nurminen, Judith Brenner, Maarit Koponen, –, Tampere, Finland. European Association for Machine Translation.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Catford, John C.
    1965 A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics. Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Ciribuco, Andrea
    2020 “Translating the Village: Translation as Part of the Everyday Lives of Asylum Seekers in Italy.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.20002.cir
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.20002.cir [Google Scholar]
16. Cronin, Michael
    2019 “Translation, Technology and Climate Change.” InThe Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology, edited byMinako O’Hagan, –. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315311258‑31
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315311258-31 [Google Scholar]
17. Daems, Joke, and Lieve Macken
    2019 “Interactive Adaptive SMT versus Interactive Adaptive NMT: A User Experience Evaluation.” Machine Translation (): –. 10.1007/s10590‑019‑09230‑z
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-019-09230-z [Google Scholar]
18. De Boer, Bas
    2021 “Explaining Multistability: Postphenomenology and Affordances of Technologies’. AI & Society, –. 10.1007/s00146‑021‑01272‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01272-3 [Google Scholar]
19. Diño, Gino
    2021 “Sure, Google Translate Volumes Are Staggering, But Here Are Hotter Insights From Google I/O 2021.” Slator. June 22. https://slator.com/sure-google-translate-volumes-are-staggering-but-here-are-hotter-insights-from-google-i-o-2021/
    [Google Scholar]
20. ELIS Research
    ELIS Research 2025 “European Language Industry Survey 2025: Trends, Expectations and Concerns of the European Language Industry.” ELIS. ELIA, EMT, EUATC, FIT Europe, GALA, LIND, Women In Localization. https://elis-survey.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ELIS-2025_Report.pdf
21. Eloundou, Tyna, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin, and Daniel Rock
    2023 “GPTs Are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models.” arXiv. 10.48550/arXiv.2303.10130
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.10130
22. European Commission, Directorate-General for Translation, Bird & Bird LLP, Debussche, J. Troussel, J.C.Julien Debussche, and Jean-Christophe Troussel
    European Commission, Directorate-General for Translation, Bird & Bird LLP, Debussche, J. Troussel, J.C. 2014 Translation and intellectual property rights: Final report, edited byJulien Debussche, and Jean-Christophe Troussel. Publications Office of the European Union.
    [Google Scholar]
23. European Commission, and Youth Directorate-General for Education Sport and Culture
    European Commission, and Youth Directorate-General for Education Sport and Culture 2022 Translators on the Cover : Multilingualism & Translation : Report of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) Working Group of EU Member State Experts. Publications Office of the European Union. 10.2766/017
    https://doi.org/10.2766/017 [Google Scholar]
24. Frischmann, Brett M., and Susan Benesch
    2023 “Friction-In-Design Regulation as 21St Century Time, Place and Manner Restriction.” SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.4178647
    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4178647 [Google Scholar]
25. Groves, Mike, and Klaus Mundt
    2021 “A Ghostwriter in the Machine? Attitudes of Academic Staff towards Machine Translation Use in Internationalised Higher Education.” Journal of English for Academic Purposes:. 10.1016/j.jeap.2021.100957
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2021.100957 [Google Scholar]
26. Gu, Xingxing
    2023 “New Features Make Translate More Accessible for Its 1 Billion Users.” Google: The Keyword (blog). February 8. https://blog.google/products/translate/new-features-make-translate-more-accessible-for-its-1-billion-users/
    [Google Scholar]
27. Guerberof-Arenas, Ana, and Joss Moorkens
    2023 “Ethics and Machine Translation: The End User Perspective.” InTowards Responsible Machine Translation: Ethical and Legal Considerations in Machine Translation, edited byHelena Moniz and Carla Parra Escartín, –. Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑031‑14689‑3_7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14689-3_7 [Google Scholar]
28. Guerberof-Arenas, Ana, and Antonio Toral
    2022 “Creativity in Translation: Machine Translation as a Constraint for Literary Texts.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.21025.gue
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.21025.gue [Google Scholar]
29. Heath, Alex
    2024 “Why investors don’t mind that AI is a money pit.” The Verge, December 5. https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/5/24313373/ai-spending-enterprise-profits-investment-menlo-ventures-openai-anthropic-decoder-podcast
    [Google Scholar]
30. Heidegger, Martin
    1977 The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays. Garland Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Heilinger, Jan-Christoph, Hendrik Kempt, and Saskia Nagel
    2024 “Beware of Sustainable AI! Uses and Abuses of a Worthy Goal.” AI and Ethics: –. 10.1007/s43681‑023‑00259‑8
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00259-8 [Google Scholar]
32. Hendy, Amr, Mohamed Abdelrehim, Amr Sharaf
    2023 “How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation.” arXiv. 10.48550/ARXIV.2302.09210
    https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2302.09210 [Google Scholar]
33. Heyn, Matthias
    1998 “Translation Memories: Insights and Prospects.” InUnity in Diversity, edited byLynne Bowker, Michael Cronin, Dorothy Kenny, and Jennifer Pearson, –. St Jerome. 10.4324/9781315538549
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315538549 [Google Scholar]
34. Hutchins, William John, and Harold L. Somers
    1992 An Introduction to Machine Translation. Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
35. IEA
    IEA 2023 “Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks.” International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks
    [Google Scholar]
36. Ihde, Don
    1990 Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth. The Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Technology. Indiana University Press. 10.2979/3108.0
    https://doi.org/10.2979/3108.0 [Google Scholar]
37. Ihde, Don
    2012 “Can Continental Philosophy Deal with the New Technologies?” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
38. ITU
    ITU 2024 “Measuring digital development: Facts and Figures 2024.” International Telecommunication Union. https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/facts-figures-2024/
39. Kageura, Kyo, Rei Miyata, and Masaru Yamada
    2022 “Metalanguages and Translation Studies.” InMetalanguages for Dissecting Translation Processes, edited byRei Miyata, Masaru Yamada, and Kyo Kageura, –. Routledge. 10.4324/9781003250852‑3
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003250852-3 [Google Scholar]
40. Kay, Martin
    1982 “Machine Translation.” American Journal of Computational Linguistics (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Kenny, Dorothy
    2011 “The Ethics of Machine Translation.” InReflections on Language and Technology: The Driving Forces in the Modern World of Translation and Interpreting, edited bySybille Ferner, –. New Zealand Society of Translators & Interpreters. https://doras.dcu.ie/17606/1/The_Ethics_of_Machine_Translation_pre-final_version.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
42. Kenny, Dorothy, Joss Moorkens, and Félix Do Carmo
    2020 “Fair MT: Towards Ethical, Sustainable Machine Translation.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.00018.int
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00018.int [Google Scholar]
43. Kiran, Asle H.
    2015 “Four Dimensions of Technological Mediation.” InPostphenomenological Investigations: Essays on Human-Technology Relations, edited byRobert Rosenberger and Peter-Paul Verbeek, –. Lexington Books. 10.5040/9781978726208.ch‑007
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978726208.ch-007 [Google Scholar]
44. Kocmi, Tom, and Christian Federmann
    2023 “Large Language Models Are State-of-the-Art Evaluators of Translation Quality.” arXiv. 10.48550/ARXIV.2302.14520
    https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2302.14520 [Google Scholar]
45. Kolb, Waltraud, Wolfgang U. Dressler, and Elisa Mattiello
    2023 “Human and Machine Translation of Occasionalisms in Literary Texts: Johann Nestroy’s Der Talisman and Its English Translations.” Target (): –. 10.1075/target.21147.kol
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.21147.kol [Google Scholar]
46. Krüger, Ralph
    2024 “Outline of an Artificial Intelligence Literacy Framework for Translation, Interpreting and Specialised Communication.” Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature (): –. 10.17951/lsmll.2024.48.3.11‑23
    https://doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2024.48.3.11-23 [Google Scholar]
47. Liebling, Daniel J., Michal Lahav, Abigail Evans
    2020 “Unmet Needs and Opportunities for Mobile Translation AI.” InProceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, –. ACM. 10.1145/3313831.3376261
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376261 [Google Scholar]
48. Longpre, Shane, Robert Mahari, Ariel Lee
    2024 “Consent in Crisis: The Rapid Decline of the AI Data Commons.” Data Provenance Initiative. https://www.dataprovenance.org/consent-in-crisis-paper
    [Google Scholar]
49. Loock, Rudy, Sophie Léchauguette, and Benjamin Holt
    2022 “The Use of Online Translators by Students Not Enrolled in a Professional Translation Program: Beyond Copying and Pasting for a Professional Use.” InProceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, edited byHelena Moniz, Lieve Macken, Andrew Rufener, –, Ghent, Belgium. European Association for Machine Translation. https://aclanthology.org/2022.eamt-1.5
    [Google Scholar]
50. Luccioni, Alexandra Sasha, Yacine Jernite, and Emma Strubell
    2024 “Power Hungry Processing: Watts Driving the Cost of AI Deployment?” InACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (ACM FAccT ’24), –, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Association for Computing Machinery. 10.1145/3630106.3658542
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3658542 [Google Scholar]
51. Melby, Alan, and Giovanna Lester
    2024 “Consumer Protection Labels for Translations: An Overview for Language Service Companies and Translation Publishers Based on ASTM F2575 and ISO 11669.” Tranquality. https://www.tranquality.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ConsumerProtectionLabelsforTranslations-524.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
52. Milmo, Dan
    2025 “‘Humanity deserves better’: iPhone designer on new partnership with OpenAI.” The Guardian. June 2. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/02/iphone-designer-jonny-ive-openai-chatgpt-smartphones-apple
    [Google Scholar]
53. Moorkens, Joss
    2020 ‘“A Tiny Cog in a Large Machine”: Digital Taylorism in the Translation Industry.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.00019.moo
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00019.moo [Google Scholar]
54. Moorkens, Joss
    2022 “Ethics and Machine Translation.” InMachine Translation for Everyone, edited byDorothy Kenny, –. Language Science Press. 10.5281/zenodo.6759984
    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6759984 [Google Scholar]
55. Moorkens, Joss
    2025 “Translation Industry Ethics.” InThe Routledge Handbook of the Translation Industry, edited byCallum Walker, and Joseph Lambert, –. Routledge. 10.4324/9781003381303‑31
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003381303-31 [Google Scholar]
56. Neylon, Cameron, Bianca Kramer, and Jamie Diprose
    2022 “Language Diversity in Scholarly Publishing.” Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative, June 21. https://openknowledge.community/language-diversity/. 10.54900/e2p16ak‑k9cyjws
    https://doi.org/10.54900/e2p16ak-k9cyjws [Google Scholar]
57. Nurminen, Mary
    2021 “Investigating the Influence of Context in the Use and Reception of Raw Machine Translation.” PhD thesis, Tampere University.
    [Google Scholar]
58. O’Hagan, Minako
    2016 “Translations| Massively Open Translation: Unpacking the Relationship Between Technology and Translation in the 21st Century.” International Journal of Communication: –. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3507
    [Google Scholar]
59. Olohan, Maeve
    2017 “Technology, Translation and Society: A Constructivist, Critical Theory Approach.” Target (): –. 10.1075/target.29.2.04olo
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.29.2.04olo [Google Scholar]
60. Organ, Alison
    2023 “Attitudes to the Use of Google Translate for L2 Production: Analysis of Chatroom Discussions among UK Secondary School Students.” The Language Learning Journal (): –. 10.1080/09571736.2021.2023896
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2021.2023896 [Google Scholar]
61. Ouyang, Long, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang
    2022 “Training Language Models to Follow Instructions with Human Feedback.” InProceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, edited byS. Kovejo, S. Mohamed, A. Agarwal, D. Belgrave, K. Cho, and A. Oh, –. New York. Curran Associates. 10.5555/3600270.360228
    https://doi.org/10.5555/3600270.360228 [Google Scholar]
62. PlatoHarold North Fowler
    Plato 1925 Plato in Twelve Volumes. Translated byHarold North Fowler. Vol.. Harvard University Press. data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012.perseus-eng1:275
    [Google Scholar]
63. Raley, Rita
    2003 “Machine Translation and Global English.” The Yale Journal of Criticism (): –. 10.1353/yale.2003.0022
    https://doi.org/10.1353/yale.2003.0022 [Google Scholar]
64. Ray, Mondira, Daniel J. Kats, Joss Moorkens
    2025 “Evaluating a Large Language Model in Translating Patient Instructions to Spanish Using a Standardized Framework.” JAMA Pediatrics (): –. 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.1729
    https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.1729 [Google Scholar]
65. Reijers, Wessel
    2019 “Beyond Postphenomenolgy: Ihde’s Heidegger and the Problem of Authenticity.” Human Studies (): –. 10.1007/s10746‑019‑09492‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-019-09492-9 [Google Scholar]
66. Reijers, Wessel, and Quinn Dupont
    2023 ‘Prolegomenon to Contemporary Ethics of Machine Translation’. InTowards Responsible Machine Translation, edited byHelena Moniz and Carla Parra Escartín, –. Springer. 10.1007/978‑3‑031‑14689‑3_2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14689-3_2 [Google Scholar]
67. Reisner, Alex
    2025 “The Unbelievable Scale of AI’s Pirated-Books Problem.” The Atlantic, March 20. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2025/03/libgen-meta-openai/682093/
    [Google Scholar]
68. Rivas Ginel, María Isabel, and Joss Moorkens
    2024 “A year of ChatGPT, translators’ attitudes and degree of adoption.” Revista Tradumàtica: –. 10.5565/rev/tradumatica.369
    https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.369 [Google Scholar]
69. Rivas Ginel, María Isabel, and Joss Moorkens
    2025 “Translators’ trust and distrust in the times of GenAI.” Translation Studies, –. 10.1080/14781700.2025.2507594
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2025.2507594 [Google Scholar]
70. Robbins, Scott
    2019 “A Misdirected Principle with a Catch: Explicability for AI.” Minds and Machines (): –. 10.1007/s11023‑019‑09509‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-019-09509-3 [Google Scholar]
71. Rosenberger, Robert, and Peter-Paul Verbeek
    2015 “A Field Guide to Postphenomenology.” InPostphenomenological Investigations: Essays on Human-Technology Relations, edited byRobert Rosenberger and Peter-Paul Verbeek, –. Lexington Books. 10.5040/9781978726208.ch‑001
    https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978726208.ch-001 [Google Scholar]
72. Rossi, Caroline
    2020 “Review of Bowker & Ciro (2019): Machine Translation and Global Research: Towards Improved Machine Translation Literacy in the Scholarly Community.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.00028.ros
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00028.ros [Google Scholar]
73. Rossi, Caroline, and Jean-Pierre Chevrot
    2019 “Uses and Perceptions of Machine Translation at the European Commission.” Journal of Specialised Translation, : –. 10.26034/cm.jostrans.2019.182
    https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2019.182 [Google Scholar]
74. Rozmysłowicz, Tomasz
    2024 “The politics of machine translation. Reprogramming translation studies.“ Perspectives (): –, 10.1080/0907676X.2023.2292571
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2023.2292571 [Google Scholar]
75. Rudin, Cynthia
    2019 “Stop Explaining Black Box Machine Learning Models for High Stakes Decisions and Use Interpretable Models Instead.“ Nature Machine Intelligence (): –. 10.1038/s42256‑019‑0048‑x
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0048-x [Google Scholar]
76. Ryazanov, Igor, Carl Öhman, and Johanna Björklund
    2025 “How ChatGPT Changed the Media’s Narratives on AI: A Semi-automated Narrative Analysis Through Frame Semantics.” Minds & Machines (), –. 10.1007/s11023‑024‑09705‑w
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-024-09705-w [Google Scholar]
77. Sager, Juan C.
    1994 Language Engineering and Translation: Consequences of Automation. John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.1
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.1 [Google Scholar]
78. Sakamoto, Akiko
    2019 “Why Do Many Translators Resist Post-Editing? A Sociological Analysis Using Bourdieu’s Concepts.” Journal of Specialised Translation: –. 10.26034/cm.jostrans.2019.183
    https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2019.183 [Google Scholar]
79. Sakamoto, Akiko, and Masaru Yamada
    2020 “Social Groups in Machine Translationpost-Editing: A SCOT Analysis.” Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.00022.sak
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00022.sak [Google Scholar]
80. Steiner, George
    1975 After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
81. Szarkowska, Agnieszka, Jorge Díaz Cintas, and Olivia Gerber-Morón
    2021 “Quality Is in the Eye of the Stakeholders: What Do Professional Subtitlers and Viewers Think about Subtitling?” Universal Access in the Information Society (): –. 10.1007/s10209‑020‑00739‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00739-2 [Google Scholar]
82. Tatsumi, Midori
    2010 “Post-Editing Machine Translated Text in A Commercial Setting: Observation and Statistical Analysis.” PhD thesis, Dublin City University. https://doras.dcu.ie/16062/
    [Google Scholar]
83. Tedeschi, Simone, Johan Bos, Thierry Declerck
    et al 2023 “What’s the Meaning of Superhuman Performance in Today’s NLU?” arXiv. 10.18653/v1/2023.acl‑long.697
    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.697
84. Toral, Antonio
    2019 “Post-Editese: An Exacerbated Translationese.” InProceedings of the Machine Translation Summit XVII: Research Track, edited byMikel Forcada, Andy Way, Barry Haddow, and Rico Sennrich, –. Dublin, Ireland. European Association for Machine Translation. https://aclanthology.org/W19-6627/
    [Google Scholar]
85. Toury, Gideon
    2012 Descriptive Translation Studies — and Beyond. John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.100
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.100 [Google Scholar]
86. Tymoczko, Maria
    2000 “Translation and Political Engagement: Activism, Social Change and the Role of Translation in Geopolitical Shifts.” The Translator (): –. 10.1080/13556509.2000.10799054
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2000.10799054 [Google Scholar]
87. Vagia, Marialena, Aksel A. Transeth, and Sigurd A. Fjerdingen
    2016 “A Literature Review on the Levels of Automation during the Years. What Are the Different Taxonomies That Have Been Proposed?” Applied Ergonomics: –. 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.09.013
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2015.09.013 [Google Scholar]
88. Valdez, Susana, and Ana Guerberof-Arenas
    2025 “‘Google Translate is Our Best Friend Here’: A Vignette-based Interview Study on Machine Translation Use for Health Communication.” Translation Spaces. 10.1075/ts.24040.val
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.24040.val [Google Scholar]
89. van Es, Karin, and Dennis Nguyen
    2025 ““Your friendly AI assistant”: the anthropomorphic self-representations of ChatGPT and its implications for imagining AI.” AI & Society: –. 10.1007/s00146‑024‑02108‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02108-6 [Google Scholar]
90. Vanmassenhove, Eva
    2019 “On the Integration of Linguistic Features into Statistical and Neural Machine Translation.” PhD thesis, Dublin City University. https://doras.dcu.ie/23714/
    [Google Scholar]
91. Vanmassenhove, Eva, Dimitar Shterionov, and Andy Way
    2019 “Lost in Translation: Loss and Decay of Linguistic Richness in Machine Translation.” InProceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVII: Research Track, edited byMikel Forcada, Andy Way, Barry Haddow, and Rico Sennrich, –. Dublin, Ireland. European Association for Machine Translation. https://aclanthology.org/W19-6622
    [Google Scholar]
92. Venuti, Lawrence
    2008 The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. 2nd ed.Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
93. Verbeek, Peter-Paul
    2011 Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things. University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226852904.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226852904.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
94. Vieira, Lucas Nunes
    2020a ‘Automation Anxiety and Translators’. Translation Studies (): –. 10.1080/14781700.2018.1543613
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2018.1543613 [Google Scholar]
95. Vieira, Lucas Nunes
    2020b ‘Machine Translation in the News: A Framing Analysis of the Written Press’. Translation Spaces (): –. 10.1075/ts.00023.nun
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00023.nun [Google Scholar]
96. Vieira, Lucas Nunes
    2023 ‘The Many Guises of Machine Translation: A Postphenomenology Perspective’. Digital Translation (): –. 10.1075/dt.00002.nun
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00002.nun [Google Scholar]
97. Wang, Binhua, and Yuan Ping
    2020 “Perceptions of Machine Translation and Computer-Aided Translation by Professionals and the General Public: A Survey Study Based on Articles in Professional Journals and in the Media.” International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics (): –. 10.4018/IJTIAL.20200701.oa1
    https://doi.org/10.4018/IJTIAL.20200701.oa1 [Google Scholar]
98. Wang, Longyue, Chenyang Lyu, Tianbo Ji
    2023 “Document-Level Machine Translation with Large Language Models.” InProceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, edited byHouda Bouamor, Juan Pino, and Kalika Bali, –. Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics. 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp‑main.1036
    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.1036 [Google Scholar]
99. Way, Andy
    2013 “Traditional and Emerging Use-Cases for Machine Translation.”, InProceedings of Translating and the Computer. London. Aslib. https://aclanthology.org/2013.tc-1.12
    [Google Scholar]
100. Weaver, Warren
     1949 “Translation.” InMachine Translation of Languages: Fourteen Essays, edited byA. Donald Booth and William N. Locke, –. John Wiley & Sons.
     [Google Scholar]
101. Williams, Eric
     2011 “Environmental Effects of Information and Communications Technologies.” Nature (): –. 10.1038/nature10682
     https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10682 [Google Scholar]
102. Winner, Langdon
     1978 Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought. MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
103. Wright, Adam
     2024 “Worldwide IDC Global DataSphere Forecast, 2024–2028: AI Everywhere, But Upsurge in Data Will Take Time.” White Paper US52076424. International Data Corporation. https://my.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=US52076424
104. Zahavi, Dan
     2002 Husserl’s Phenomenology. Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]