Worldbuilding, narrative, and agency in the intersemiotic translations of ‘The Witcher’

References

1. Aarseth, Espen
   2019 “Ludoforming: Changing actual, historical or fictional topographies into ludic topologies.” InLudotopia: Spaces, places and territories in computer games, edited byEspen Aarseth and Stephen Günzel, –. Transcript Verlag. 10.14361/9783839447307‑007
   https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839447307-007 [Google Scholar]
2. Albrecht-Crane, Christa, and Dennis Ray Cutchins
   2010 Adaptation Studies: New Approaches. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Appiah, Kwame Anthony
   2021 “Thick translation.” InThe Translation Studies Reader, edited byLawrence Venuti, –. Routledge. 10.4324/9780429280641‑33
   https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429280641-33 [Google Scholar]
4. Bernal-Merino, Miguel Á.
   2014 Translation and Localisation in Video Games: Making Entertainment Software Global. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315752334
   https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315752334 [Google Scholar]
5. Carr, Diane, Gareth Schott, Andrew Burn, & David Buckingham
   2004 “Doing game studies: A multi-method approach to the study of textuality, interactivity and narrative space.” Media International Australia(): –. 10.1177/1329878X0411000105
   https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X0411000105 [Google Scholar]
6. Cartmell, Deborah, and Imelda Whelehan
   1999 Adaptations: From Text to Screen, Screen to Text. Routledge.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Consalvo, Mia, and Nathan Dutton
   2006 “Game Analysis: Developing a Methodological Toolkit for the Qualitative Study of Games.” Game Studies(): –.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Drewniak, Paulina
   2020 “Literary translation and digital culture: The transmedial breakthrough of Poland’s The Witcher.” InTranslating the literatures of small European nations, edited byRajendra Chitnis, Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen, Rhian Atkin, and Zoran Milutinovic, –. Liverpool University Press. 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620528.003.0014
   https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620528.003.0014 [Google Scholar]
9. Eco, Umberto
   1976 A Theory of Semiotics. Indiana University Press.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Eco, Umberto
    2001 Experiences in Translation. University of Toronto Press.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Elliott, Kamilla
    2017 Theorizing Adaptation. Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Elliott, Kamilla
    2020 “Adaptation theory and adaptation scholarship.” InThe Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies, edited byThomas Leitch, –. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.39
    https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.39 [Google Scholar]
13. Evans, Chaz
    2025 “Bewildered by the Apparatus: Toward Opacity in Video Game Production.” Game Studies().
    [Google Scholar]
14. Felczak, Mateusz
    2025 “The ‘Git Gud’ Fallacy: Challenge and Difficulty in Elden Ring.” Game Studies().
    [Google Scholar]
15. Grodal, Torben
    2004 “Stories for eye, ear, and muscles: Video games, media, and embodied experiences.” InThe Video Game Theory Reader, edited byMark J. P. Wolf and Bernard Perron, –. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Hansen, Deanna, and Paul Y. Houlmont
    2022 “A Snapshot Into the Possibility of Video Game Machine Translation.” InProceedings of the 15th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, edited byKelly Duh and Fausto Guzmán, –. AMTA.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Hutcheon, Linda, and Siobhan O’Flynn
    2013 A Theory of Adaptation. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Jakobson, Roman
    1959 “On linguistic aspects of translation.” InOn Translation, edited byReuben Arthur Brower, –. Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Jenkins, Henry
    2003 “Transmedia storytelling.” MIT Technology Review. Accessed2 April, 2025. https://www.technologyreview.com/2003/01/15/234540/transmedia-storytelling/
    [Google Scholar]
20. Jenkins, Henry, Ravi Purushotma, Margaret Weigel, Katie Clinton, and Alice J. Robison
    2009 Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/8435.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8435.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
21. Kourdis, Evangelos
    2022 “Semiotics.” InThe Routledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology, edited byFederico Zanettin and Christopher Rundle, –. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315158945‑12
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158945-12 [Google Scholar]
22. Kress, Gunther
    2019 “Transposing Meaning: Translation in a Multimodal Semiotic Landscape.” InTranslation and Multimodality: Beyond Words, edited byMonica Boria, Ángeles Carreres, María Noriega-Sánchez, and Marcus Tomalin, – 2019 Routledge. 10.4324/9780429341557‑2
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429341557-2 [Google Scholar]
23. Kress, Gunther, and Theo van Leeuwen
    2001 Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Hodder Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Kress, Gunther, and Theo van Leeuwen
    2006 Multimodal Discourse. Bloomsbury Academic.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Lefevere, André
    2016 Translation, rewriting, and the manipulation of literary fame. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315458496
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315458496 [Google Scholar]
26. Leitch, Thomas M.
    2004 “Twelve fallacies in contemporary adaptation theory.” Criticism(): –. 10.1353/crt.2004.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1353/crt.2004.0001 [Google Scholar]
27. Leitch, Thomas M.
    2008 “Adaptation, the genre.” Adaptation(): –. 10.1093/adaptation/apn018
    https://doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apn018 [Google Scholar]
28. Littau, Karin
    2016 “Translation and the Materialities of Communication.” Translation Studies(): –. 10.1080/14781700.2015.1063449
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2015.1063449 [Google Scholar]
29. Lotman, Yuri
    2000 Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture. Indiana University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Mäyrä, Frans
    2008 An Introduction to Game Studies. Sage. 10.4135/9781446214572
    https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446214572 [Google Scholar]
31. Mousavi, Nafiseh
    2023 “Media between media: ‘Making-of’s and the hidden faces of film adaptation.” European Review(): –. 10.1017/S1062798723000455
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798723000455 [Google Scholar]
32. Niedenthal, Simon
    2009 “What We Talk About When We Talk About Game Aesthetics.” InProceedings of Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA) Conference: Breaking New Ground: Innovation in Games, Play, Practice and Theory. 10.26503/dl.v2009i1.409
    https://doi.org/10.26503/dl.v2009i1.409 [Google Scholar]
33. O’Hagan, Minako, and Carmen Mangiron
    2013 Game Localisation: Translating for the Global Digital Entertainment Industry. John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.106
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.106 [Google Scholar]
34. Pedersen, Daniel
    2017 “Managing transcreation projects: An ethnographic study.” Translation Spaces(): –. 10.1075/ts.6.1.03ped
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.1.03ped [Google Scholar]
35. Peirce, Charles S.
    1931–58 Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Poposki, Zoran, and Marija Todorova
    2023 “Performativity and Intersemiotic Translation in Contemporary Art: The Case of Hong Kong Atlas.” Visual Studies(): –. 10.1080/1472586X.2023.2190160
    https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2023.2190160 [Google Scholar]
37. Poposki, Zoran, and Marija Todorova
    2024 “Mapping Cultural Flows through Contemporary Art in Translation: The Translation(s) Project.” Leonardo(): –. 10.1162/leon_a_02471
    https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02471 [Google Scholar]
38. Primorac, Antonija
    2017 “Victorian literature and film adaptation.” Victorian Literature and Culture(): –. 10.1017/S1060150316000711
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1060150316000711 [Google Scholar]
39. Rendle, Oliver, and Amber Pasternack
    2025 “Elden Ring: Subverting Heroic Nostalgia.” Game Studies().
    [Google Scholar]
40. Ryan, Marie-Laure
    2004 “Multivariant Narratives.” InA Companion to Digital Humanities, edited bySusan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, and John Unsworth, –. Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470999875.ch28
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470999875.ch28 [Google Scholar]
41. Saussure, Ferdinand de
    1916 Course in General Linguistics. Payot.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Scolari, Carlos Alberto
    2009 “Transmedia storytelling: Implicit consumers, narrative worlds, and branding in contemporary media production.” International Journal of Communication: –.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Sherry, Jamie
    2016 “Adaptation studies through screenwriting studies: Transitionality and the adapted screenplay.” Journal of Screenwriting(): –. 10.1386/josc.7.1.11_1
    https://doi.org/10.1386/josc.7.1.11_1 [Google Scholar]
44. Todorova, Marija
    2022 The Translation of Violence in Children’s Literature: Images from the Western Balkans. Routledge. 10.4324/9780429285394
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429285394 [Google Scholar]
45. Toury, Gideon
    1986 “Translation, a Cultural-Semiotic Perspective”. InEncyclopedic Dictionary of Semiotics, edited byT. A. Sebeok. Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Tymoczko, Maria
    2014 Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translators. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315759494
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759494 [Google Scholar]