Multilingual pedagogies in high schools

References

1. Adesina, Oluseyi Oluseun, Olufunbi Alaba Adesina, Ismail Adelopo, and Godfred Adjappong Afrifa
   2023 “Managing group work: the impact of peer assessment on student engagement.” Accounting Education () : –. 10.1080/09639284.2022.2034023
   https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2022.2034023 [Google Scholar]
2. Adnyana, Ida Bagus Artha, Anak Agung Raka Sitawati, Zanyar Nathir Ghafar, and Omar Mohammad-Ameen Ahmad Hazaymeh
   2025 “Mother Tongue Matters: A Critical Study of Indigenous Language Integration in Formal Education Systems.” Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies (): –. 10.58881/jllscs.v3i2.346
   https://doi.org/10.58881/jllscs.v3i2.346 [Google Scholar]
3. Alim, H. Samy
   2005 “Critical Language Awareness in the United States: Revisiting Issues and Revising Pedagogies in a Resegregated Society.” Educational Researcher (): –. 10.3102/0013189X034007024
   https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X034007024 [Google Scholar]
4. Amrous, Nourddine
   2020 “L2 Motivational Self and English Department Students’ Intended Effort.” InEnglish Language Teaching in Moroccan Higher Education, ed. byHassan Belhiah, Imane Zeddari, Nabila Amrous, and Nadia Bejjit, –. Singapore: Springer. 10.1007/978‑981‑15‑3805‑6_7
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3805-6_7 [Google Scholar]
5. Bartlett, Lesley, and Ofelia García
   2011 Additive Schooling in Subtractive Times: Bilingual Education and Dominican Immigrant Youth in the Heights. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv16b78cp
   https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16b78cp [Google Scholar]
6. Belhiah, Hassan, and Mohamed Lamallam
   2020 “Mother Tongue Medium of Instruction in Morocco: Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions.” Journal of Applied Language and Culture Studies: –. https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/JALCS/article/view/17926
   [Google Scholar]
7. Belhiah, Hassan, Mouna Safwate, Anass Moussa, and Anissas El Haffari
   2025 “Amazigh Language Teaching in Moroccan Public Schools: Implementation, Attitudes, and Prospects.” Journal of Language, Identity & Education: –. 10.1080/15348458.2025.2537417
   https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2025.2537417 [Google Scholar]
8. Belhiah, Hassan
   2020 “English as a Global Language in Morocco: A Qualitative Study of Students’ Motivations for Studying English.” InEnglish Language Teaching in Moroccan Higher Education, ed. byHassan Belhiah, Imane Zeddari, Nabila Amrous, Jamal Bahmad, and Nadia Bejjit, –. Singapore: Springer. 10.1007/978‑981‑15‑3805‑6_3
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3805-6_3 [Google Scholar]
9. Bettney, Esther
   2022 “Examining Hegemonic and Monoglossic Language Ideologies, Policies, and Practices within Bilingual Education in Colombia.” Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura (): –. 10.17533/udea.ikala.v27n1a12
   https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v27n1a12 [Google Scholar]
10. Blackledge, Adrian, and Angela Creese
    eds. 2014 Heteroglossia as Practice and Pedagogy. Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978‑94‑007‑7856‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7856-6 [Google Scholar]
11. Boukous, Ahmed
    2012 Revitalizing the Amazigh Language: Stakes, Challenges, and Strategies. Rabat: Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture (IRCAM).
    [Google Scholar]
12. Busch, Brigitta
    2014 “Building on Heteroglossia and Heterogeneity: The Experience of a Multilingual Classroom.” InHeteroglossia as Practice and Pedagogy, ed. byAdrian Blackledge and Angela Creese, –. Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978‑94‑007‑7856‑6_2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7856-6_2 [Google Scholar]
13. Caubet, Dominique
    2017 “Darija and the Construction of ‘Moroccanness.’” InIdentity and Dialect Performance: A Study of Communities and Dialects, ed. byReem Bassiouney, –. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315279732‑7
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315279732-7 [Google Scholar]
14. Cenoz, Jasone, and Durk Gorter
    2020 “Teaching English through Pedagogical Translanguaging: Breaking Away from Monolingual Ideologies.” World Englishes (): –. 10.1111/weng.12462
    https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12462 [Google Scholar]
15. Cenoz, Jasone, and Durk Gorter
    2021 Pedagogical Translanguaging. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Creese, Angela, and Adrian Blackledge
    2010 “Translanguaging in the Bilingual Classroom: A Pedagogy for Learning and Teaching?” The Modern Language Journal (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Creese, Angela, and Adrian Blackledge
    2021 “Teaching Language in the Library: A Translanguaging Pedagogy in the City.” InMultilingual Perspectives from Europe and Beyond on Language Policy and Practice, ed. byBruna Di Sabato and Brian Hughes, –. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780429351075‑5
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351075-5 [Google Scholar]
18. Csizér, Kata, and Judit Kormos
    2009 “Learning Experiences, Selves and Motivated Learning Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis of Structural Models for Hungarian Secondary and University Learners of English.” InMotivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self, ed. byZoltán Dörnyei and Ema Ushioda, –. 10.2307/jj.30945943.8
    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.30945943.8 [Google Scholar]
19. Cui, Tristan, and Jeff Wang
    2024 “Empowering active learning: A social annotation tool for improving student engagement.” British Journal of Educational Technology (): –. 10.1111/bjet.13403
    https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13403 [Google Scholar]
20. Cummins, Jim
    2000 Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Cummins, Jim
    2007 “Rethinking Monolingual Instructional Strategies in Multilingual Classrooms.” Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Daniel, Shannon M., and Mark Pacheco
    2016 “Translanguaging Practices and Perspectives of Four Multilingual Teens.” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy (): –. 10.1002/jaal.500
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.500 [Google Scholar]
23. Dörnyei, Zoltán, Alastair Henry, and Christine Muir
    2015 Motivational Currents in Language Learning: Frameworks for Focused Interventions. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315772714
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315772714 [Google Scholar]
24. Dörnyei, Zoltán, and Magdalena Kubanyiova
    2014 Motivating Learners, Motivating Teachers: Building Vision in the Language Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Driouch, Aziz
    2022 “Translanguaging as an Inclusive Pedagogical Practice in Early Education Classes.” International Journal of Language and Literary Studies (): –. 10.36892/ijlls.v4i4.1088
    https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v4i4.1088 [Google Scholar]
26. Fang, Fan, and Yang Liu
    2020 “‘Using All English Is Not Always Meaningful’: Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Use of and Attitudes towards Translanguaging at a Chinese University.” Lingua: . 10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102959
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102959 [Google Scholar]
27. Flores, Nelson, and Jonathan Rosa
    2015 “Undoing Appropriateness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and Language Diversity in Education.” Harvard Educational Review (): –. 10.17763/0017‑8055.85.2.149
    https://doi.org/10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.149 [Google Scholar]
28. García, Ofelia, and Camila Leiva
    2014 “Theorizing and Enacting Translanguaging for Social Justice.” InHeteroglossia as Practice and Pedagogy, ed. byAdrian Blackledge and Angela Creese, –. Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978‑94‑007‑7856‑6_11
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7856-6_11 [Google Scholar]
29. García, Ofelia, and Li Wei
    2014 Translanguaging: Language, Bilingualism and Education. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137385765
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765 [Google Scholar]
30. Grimm, Pamela
    2010 “Social Desirability Bias.” InWiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing. Chichester: Wiley. 10.1002/9781444316568.wiem02057
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444316568.wiem02057 [Google Scholar]
31. Haut-Commissariat au Plan
    Haut-Commissariat au Plan 2014 Langues locales utilisées — Maroc. Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat. rgphentableaux.hcp.ma
    [Google Scholar]
32. Hendricks, Melissa, and Simthembile Xeketwana
    2024 “Translanguaging for Learning in Selected English First Additional Language Secondary School Classrooms.” Reading & Writing (): . 10.4102/RW.v15i1.502
    https://doi.org/10.4102/RW.v15i1.502 [Google Scholar]
33. Jufenna Slamet, Melissa, and Julie Choi
    2026 “Reconceptualising Motivation as Material-Semiotic Entanglements: Translanguaging in Graduate TESOL Education.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics. 10.1111/ijal.70124
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70124 [Google Scholar]
34. Kaiypova, Fatima, Jang Ho Lee, Jaeho Jeon, and Seongyong Lee
    2025 “Translanguaging and Motivational Development in CLIL: A Case from Kazakhstan’s Trilingual Context.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics. Advance online publication. 10.1111/ijal.70031
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70031 [Google Scholar]
35. Kormos, Judit, Thom Kiddle, and Kata Csizér
    2011 “Systems of Goals, Attitudes, and Self-Related Beliefs in Second Language Learning Motivation.” Applied Linguistics (): –. 10.1093/applin/amr019
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amr019 [Google Scholar]
36. Liu, Dan, Yi Deng, and Kathryn Wimpenny
    2024 “Students’ Perceptions and Experiences of Translanguaging Pedagogy in Teaching English for Academic Purposes in China.” Teaching in Higher Education (): –. 10.1080/13562517.2022.2129961
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2022.2129961 [Google Scholar]
37. Macaro, Ernesto
    2018 English Medium Instruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.30687/978‑88‑6969‑227‑7/001
    https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-227-7/001 [Google Scholar]
38. Maramag-Manalastas, Arriane Kris E., and Boyet L. Batang
    2018 “Medium of Instruction on Student Achievement and Confidence in English.” TESOL International Journal (): –. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1247328
    [Google Scholar]
39. Moody, Stephanie, Mahjabin Chowdhury, and Zohreh Eslami
    2019 “Graduate Students’ Perceptions of Translanguaging.” English Teaching & Learning (): –. 10.1007/s42321‑018‑0019‑z
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-018-0019-z [Google Scholar]
40. Moraru, Monica, Arthur Bakker, Sanne Akkerman, Linda Zenger, Jantien Smit, and Elma Blom
    2025 “Translanguaging within and across Learning Settings: A Systematic Review Focused on Multilingual Children with a Migration Background Engaged in Content Learning.” Review of Education (): . 10.1002/rev3.70069
    https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70069 [Google Scholar]
41. Mystkowska-Wiertelak, Anna
    2022 “Teachers’ Accounts of Learners’ Engagement and Disaffection in the Language Classroom.” The Language Learning Journal (): –. 10.1080/09571736.2020.1800067
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1800067 [Google Scholar]
42. Nie, Mengjun, Juexuan Lu, Yongyan Zheng, and Qi Shen
    2024 “Facilitating Learners’ Participation through Classroom Translanguaging: Comparing a Translanguaging Classroom and a Monolingual Classroom in Chinese Language Teaching.” Applied Linguistics Review (): –. 10.1515/applirev‑2022‑0136
    https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2022-0136 [Google Scholar]
43. Ossa Parra, Marcela, and C. Patrick Proctor
    2021 “Translanguaging to Understand Language.” TESOL Quarterly (): –. 10.1002/tesq.3011
    https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3011 [Google Scholar]
44. Özkaynak, Onur, and Hilal Peker
    2025 “The Role of Translanguaging in Shaping L2 Motivation: A Study of Multilingual EFL Learners.” Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts. 10.1075/ttmc.00177.ozk
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00177.ozk [Google Scholar]
45. Parmegiani, Andrea
    2019 Using ESL Students’ First Language to Promote College Success. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315099767
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315099767 [Google Scholar]
46. Rajendram, Shakina
    2023 “Translanguaging as an agentive pedagogy for multilingual learners: Affordances and constraints.” International Journal of Multilingualism () –. 10.1080/14790718.2021.1898619
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1898619 [Google Scholar]
47. R’boul, Hamza, and Hassan Belhiah
    2023 “Neo-nationalism and Politicizing TESOL: Nationalist Rhetoric and Decolonial Impulses in English Teaching in Morocco.” TESOL Quarterly (): –. 10.1002/tesq.3230
    https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3230 [Google Scholar]
48. Sato, Masatoshi, and Pamela Lara
    2019 “Interaction Vision Intervention to Increase Second Language Motivation: A Classroom Study.” InEvidence-Based Second Language Pedagogy: A Collection of Instructed Second Language Acquisition Studies, ed. byMasatoshi Sato and Shawn Loewen, –. New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781351190558‑13
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351190558-13 [Google Scholar]
49. Seltzer, Kate, Susana I. Johnson and Ofelia García
    2017 The Translanguaging Classroom: Leveraging Student Bilingualism for Learning. New York: Caslon.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Shafiee Rad, Hanieh, and Javad Alipour
    2023 “Writing Skills in CALL: Effects of L2MSS Vision-Inspired Instruction on L2 Students’ Motivation and Achievement.” System: . 10.1016/j.system.2023.103063
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2023.103063 [Google Scholar]
51. Shohamy, Elana
    2006 Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203387962
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203387962 [Google Scholar]
52. Suleiman, Yasir, and Ashraf Abdelhay
    2020 “Diglossia, Folk-linguistics, and Language Anxiety: The 2018 Language Ideological Debate in Morocco.” InThe Routledge Handbook of Arabic and Identity, ed. byReem Bassiouney and Keith Walters, –. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203730515‑13
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203730515-13 [Google Scholar]
53. Tai, Kevin W. H., and Miaomiao Zuo
    2024 “The Development of an ESL Teacher’s Ability in Constructing a Virtual Translanguaging Space in Synchronous Online Language Tutorials.” Linguistics and Education: . 10.1016/j.linged.2024.101311
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2024.101311 [Google Scholar]
54. Tai, King Wo, and Li Wei
    2026 “Embodied Enactment of a Hypothetical Scenario in an English Medium Instruction Secondary Mathematics Classroom: A Translanguaging Approach.” Language Teaching Research (): –.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Taine-Cheikh, Catherine
    2020 “Ḥassāniyya Arabic.” InArabic and Contact-induced Change, vol., ed. byChristopher Lucas and Stefano Manfredi, –. Berlin: Language Science Press. 10.5281/zenodo.3744523
    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3744523 [Google Scholar]
56. Thomas, Wayne P., and Virginia Collier
    2002 A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students’ Long-term Academic Achievement. Santa Cruz, CA: Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Turnbull, Blake
    2025 “Enhancing Motivation and Listening Comprehension among Japanese EFL Students through Translanguaging Practices.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics. Advance online publication. 10.1111/ijal.70072
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70072 [Google Scholar]
58. Vogel, Sara, and Ofelia García
    2017 “Translanguaging.” InOxford Research Encyclopedia of Education, ed. byGeorge Noblit and Luis Moll. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.181
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.181 [Google Scholar]
59. Wang, Xince, Chunlai Xia, Qiujie Zhao, and Liping Chen
    2025 “Enhancing Second Language Motivation and Facilitating Vocabulary Acquisition in an EFL Classroom through Translanguaging Practices.” Applied Linguistics Review (): –. 10.1515/applirev‑2024‑0292
    https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0292 [Google Scholar]
60. Wang, Zhijie, and Bin Shen
    2024 “I Think I Am Bilingual, but…’: Teachers’ Practices of and Students’ Attitudes toward Translanguaging in a Chinese Intercultural Communication Class.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics: –. 10.1111/ijal.12491
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12491 [Google Scholar]
61. Wei, Li
    2018 “Translanguaging as a Practical Theory of Language.” Applied Linguistics (): –. 10.1093/applin/amx039
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx039 [Google Scholar]
62. Wong, Chiu-Yin (Cathy)
    2025 “Translanguaging as a Mediator to Motivate, Support, and Engage Students in a Chinese-Medium Instruction Program.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics. Advance online publication. 10.1111/ijal.70025
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70025 [Google Scholar]