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- Volume 12, Issue, 2007
Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter - Volume 12, Issue 1, 2007
Volume 12, Issue 1, 2007
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Logos as the Message from the Gods: On the Etymology of »Hermes« in Plato's Cratylus
Author(s): Sean D. Kirklandpp.: 1–14 (14)More LessIn the Cratylus, Socrates seems to present the logos essentially as an always already present yoke binding us to our world. However, this prior and necessary bond does not entail that the world is revealed perfectly and completely in the terms and structures of our human language. Rather, within this bond, the logos opens up a distance between being and appearance, insofar as it points to »what is« as the withdrawn possibility condition for the appearances ordered, gathered and separated according to names. Plato presents the essential ambivalence of logos not only in Socrates’ elenctic arguments, but also in the etymology of Hermes, where the possession of language is a cryptic message indicating to humans a divine wisdom. Thus, as essentially the recipient of such a message, as having been called toward being by the gods, the proper, indeed pious, human response is dialectical question and answer, Socratic searching and investigating together.
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Zum Außenweltproblem in der Antike: Sextus' Destruktion des Repräsentationalismus und die skeptische Begründung des Idealismus bei Plotin
Author(s): Markus Gabrielpp.: 15–43 (29)More LessMiles Burnyeat famously argued that there could, in principle, be no idealism in Greek philosophy, because it was not yet prepared to regard the existence of an external world beyond our veil of perception as a serious philosophical problem. I believe that this thesis is historically and systematically false. Burnyeat’s claim is backed up by a short sketch of the most important philosophical systems in Greek philosophy that might seem to contradict his no-idealism view, viz. ancient skepticism and Neo-Platonism. In this paper, I argue against Burnyeat’s view on the basis of a reconstruction of Sextus Empiricus’ epistemological skepticism regarding the external world. Then, I try to show that Plotinus’ idealism and his theory of νοῦς are built on the assumption that metaphysical realism entails the problem of the external world and is, therefore, potentially inconsistent because of its skeptical results. Plotinus shows how skepticism about the external world can be avoided by idealism which can, thus, be seen as an explicit overcoming of epistemological skepticism. This whole train of thought explicitly refers to the problem of an external world. Therefore, Plotinus can be seen as answering the skeptical challenge with an idealistic metaphysic of experience.
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Augustin und die Skepsis: Wahrheit und Falschheit in den Soliloquia
Author(s): Klaus Kahnertpp.: 45–75 (31)More LessSkepticism plays an eminent roll in Augustine’s life and thinking. His work Contra Academicos ought to show that scepticism has to be overcome and that truth is cognizable. His early dialog »Soliloquia« is almost ignored in this context; nevertheless particularly this unfinished work tries to define the term »truth« as precisely as possible, but proceeds in a way that seems to characterize its author as Sceptic.
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Die Pluralität der Intellekte und die Einheit der Erkenntnis: Kritiken und Rezeptionen des Monopsychismus des Averroes in der sog. Scholastik
Author(s): Sang-Sup Leepp.: 77–96 (20)More LessFrom an epistemological point of view, monopsychism implies that the unity or universality of cognition can be secured only through the unity of the subject. Scholastics in the 13–14th centuries who did not accept it for various reasons therefore had to show that the multiplicity of subjects does not impair the unity of cognition. But the attempts to harmonize the unity of cognition with the plurality of subjects were not successful. While some of them only transformed the issue into another with some variations, others accepted monopsychism to some extent.
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Nécessité, rôle et nature de l'art logique, d'après Albert le Grand
Author(s): Bruno Tremblaypp.: 97–156 (60)More LessAlbertus Magnus’ logic and philosophy of logic have drawn little attention so far, partly due to his reputation among some historians of the discipline as a somewhat confused and muddleheaded thinker. This article looks at his teachings on the necessity and nature of the logical art, and more precisely the epistemological and psychological background that serves as their basis. This examination brings to the fore Albert’s effort and success in bringing together ideas from different traditions in order to reach a unified and coherent view on the question. Albert’s analysis of the actualization of the human intellect, presentation of the inherent fallibility that accompanies rational discourse, and identification of the available means for correcting that weakness are some of the elements of that general doctrine which are addressed in the present article. Such considerations lead Albert to conceive logic as a science whose subject is used as an instrument within each part of philosophy and whose scientific consideration of that subject can therefore be used as rules for the other sciences as they build and use their instrument, thus making the science of logic an art in the broad sense of the word.
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Martinus Anglicus (dictus Bilond?), Tractatus de suppositione. Einleitung und Text von Harald Berger
Author(s): Harald Bergerpp.: 157–173 (17)More LessL. M. de Rijk supposed in 1982 that two anonymous logical tracts in the Viennese Codex 4698, fol. 18r–27v, may be the work of Martinus Anglicus (14th century) to whom a tract on consequences and one on obligations are ascribed in that codex. The tract on supposition of which the Viennese codex hands down only a fragment of the beginning is contained completely in Hs I 613 of the Stadtbibliothek Mainz, fol. 20vb–21vb. This finding ensures the authorship of Martinus Anglicus and allows to ascribe an Introduction into Logic in some seven parts to him. Martin’s tract on supposition and the more detailed one by Thomas Manlevelt show some resemblances in structure and content, the first being presumably the later one. This paper presents an edition of Martin’s Tractatus de suppositione from the Mainz manuscript and an introduction regarding the author and his work.
Volumes & issues
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Volume 25 (2022)
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Volume 24 (2021)
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Volume 23 (2020)
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Volume 22 (2019)
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Volume 21 (2018)
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Volume 20 (2017)
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Volume 19 (2016)
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Volume 18 (2015)
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Volume 17 (2014)
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Volume 16 (2013)
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Volume 15 (2012)
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Volume 14 (2011)
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Volume 13 (2008)
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Volume 12 (2007)
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Volume 11 (2006)
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Volume 10 (2005)
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Volume 9 (2004)
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Volume 8 (2003)
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Volume 7 (2002)
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Volume 6 (2001)
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Volume 5 (2000)
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Volume 4 (1999)
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Volume 3 (1998)
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Volume 2 (1997)
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Volume 1 (1996)
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Aquinas’ Balancing Act
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