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- Volume 22, Issue, 2007
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages - Volume 22, Issue 1, 2007
Volume 22, Issue 1, 2007
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Some anthropological musings on Creolization
Author(s): Richard Pricepp.: 17–36 (20)More LessThis paper traces the move of the concept of “creolization” from thediscipline of linguistics to those of anthropology and history during thesecond half of the twentieth century, focusing on its uses in New Worldslavery studies. Two positions are contrasted in recent studies of NorthAmerican slavery, those of African-Centrists and those of creolists, withthe first stressing the continued importance of African heritage andidentities in the New World and the second emphasizing the newness of theinstitutions that enslaved Africans and their descendants created in theAmericas. Several exemplary studies of creolization in different parts ofthe Americas are reviewed. The paper suggests that ideology and subjectposition often drive historical analyses and that only stricthistoricization will permit further advances in understanding the complexprocesses that we call “creolization.”
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“Cut” and “break” verbs in Gbe and Sranan
Author(s): James Essegbey and Felix K. Amekapp.: 37–55 (19)More LessThis paper compares “cut” and “break” verbs in four variants of Gbe, namely Anfoe, Anlo, Fon and Ayizo, with those of Sranan. “Cut” verbs are change-of-state verbs that co-lexicalize the type of action that brings about a change, the type of instrument or instrument part, and the manner in which a change occurs. By contrast, break verbs co-lexicalize either the type of object or the type of change. It has been hypothesized that “cut”-verbs are unergative while breaks verbs are unaccusatives. For example “break” verbs participate in the causative alternation constructions but “cut” verbs don’t. We show that although there are some differences in the meanings of “cut” and break verbs across the Gbe languages, significant generalizations can be made with regard to their lexicalization patterns. By contrast, the meanings of “cut” and break verbs in Sranan are closer to those of their etymons in English and Dutch. However, despite the differences in the meanings of “cut” and “break” verbs between the Gbe languages and Sranan, the syntax of the verbs in Sranan is similar to that of the Eastern Gbe variants, namely Fon and Ayizo. We look at the implications of our findings for the relexification hypothesis.
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Gbe and other West African sources of Suriname creole semantic structures: Implications for creole genesis
Author(s): George L. Huttar, James Essegbey and Felix K. Amekapp.: 57–72 (16)More LessThis paper reports on ongoing research on the role of various kinds of potential substrate languages in the development of the semantic structures of Ndyuka (Eastern Suriname Creole). A set of 100 senses of noun, verb, and other lexemes in Ndyuka were compared with senses of corresponding lexemes in three kinds of languages of the former Slave Coast and Gold Coast areas, and immediately adjoining hinterland: (a) Gbe languages; (b) other Kwa languages, specifically Akan and Ga; (c) non-Kwa Niger-Congo languages. The results of this process provide some evidence for the importance of the Gbe languages in the formation of the Suriname creoles, but also for the importance of other languages, and for the areal nature of some of the collocations studied, rendering specific identification of a single substrate source impossible and inappropriate. These results not only provide information about the role of Gbe and other languages in the formation of Ndyuka, but also give evidence for effects of substrate languages spoken by late arrivals some time after the “founders” of a given creole-speaking society. The conclusions are extrapolated beyond Suriname to creole genesis generally.
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Substrate influence on the emergence of the TMA systems of the Surinamese creoles
Author(s): Donald Winford and Bettina Miggepp.: 73–99 (27)More LessAlthough the Surinamese Creoles have figured prominently in discussions about Creole genesis, little is still known about the origin of their TMA system, a central area of grammar that has received much attention in this debate. In this paper we assess the relative contribution of the primary substrate input, varieties of Gbe, to the TMA system. Drawing on both contemporary data from several Surinamese Creoles and varieties of Gbe, and historical data from Sranan Tongo, we show that the substrate was clearly responsible for the emergence of some aspect and tense categories. However, in itself, substrate influence cannot explain the emergence of the entire Creole tense and aspect system. Other processes such as internal change, superstrate influence etc. also played an important role.
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The Saramaccan implosives: Tools for linguistic archaeology?
Author(s): Norval Smith and Vinije Haabopp.: 101–122 (22)More LessThis paper takes as its starting point the recently discovered fact that Saramaccan contrasts two types of voiced labial and coronal stop, plain and implosive. The plain labials appear to be modern in origin, something which cannot be said about their coronal counterparts. So we reconstruct an earlier situation in Saramaccan in which only one type of labial voiced stop, the implosive, was present, but both types of coronal. The Gbe languages also have one voiced labial stop, and two coronals, although none of these are implosive. It can be demonstrated, however, that a near-regular correspondence exists between the three putative Saramaccan voiced stops and the three Gbe stops, and conclude that this is an additional piece of evidence for the role of Fon/Gbe as a substrate language for Saramaccan. We further discuss the implications this correspondence has for views on the nature of the 17th century Fon consonant system.
Volumes & issues
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Volume 39 (2024)
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Volume 38 (2023)
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Volume 37 (2022)
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Volume 36 (2021)
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Volume 35 (2020)
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Volume 34 (2019)
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Volume 33 (2018)
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Volume 32 (2017)
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Volume 31 (2016)
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Volume 30 (2015)
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Volume 29 (2014)
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Volume 28 (2013)
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Volume 27 (2012)
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Volume 26 (2011)
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Volume 25 (2010)
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Volume 24 (2009)
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Volume 23 (2008)
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Volume 22 (2007)
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Volume 21 (2006)
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Volume 20 (2005)
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Volume 19 (2004)
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Volume 18 (2003)
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Volume 17 (2002)
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Volume 16 (2001)
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Volume 15 (2000)
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Volume 14 (1999)
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Volume 13 (1998)
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Volume 12 (1997)
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Volume 11 (1996)
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Volume 10 (1995)
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Volume 9 (1994)
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Volume 8 (1993)
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Volume 7 (1992)
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Volume 6 (1991)
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Volume 5 (1990)
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Volume 4 (1989)
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Volume 3 (1988)
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Volume 2 (1987)
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Volume 1 (1986)
Most Read This Month
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Intonation in Palenquero
Author(s): José Ignacio Hualde and Armin Schwegler
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Off Target?
Author(s): Philip Baker
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The Origins of Fanagalo
Author(s): Rajend Mesthrie
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Relexification
Author(s): Derek Bickerton
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