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- Volume 11, Issue, 1987
Lingvisticæ Investigationes - Volume 11, Issue 1, 1987
Volume 11, Issue 1, 1987
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Marking Time With The Passé Composé: Toward a Theory of the Perfect
Author(s): Linda R. Waughpp.: 1–47 (47)More LessIn this paper, it is claimed that PC is a unitary, but complex category. It is shown that in analyzing PC, four temporal elements must be used: the deictic zero point, the time of the auxiliary, the time of the participle, and the time of focus. Given these, there are two different formulations for PC, one based on its affinity with the simple tense-aspects (PC-1), the other based on its relation to the compound tense-aspects (PC-2). The relevance of both of these is shown through the history of PC and the existence of the passé surcomposé. Evidence is also brought from iconicity (compositionality). All of this demonstrates that PC-1 and PC-2 are two endpoints of a continuum with many transitional uses in between. Various examples of these transitional types are given. Thus, it is concluded that PC evidences a dynamic counterbalance between polysemy on the one hand and general meaning on the other hand.
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Antonomases du Nom Commun
Author(s): Bernard Meyer and Monique Dubucspp.: 49–80 (32)More LessRESUMELe problème de l'antonomase du nom commun, définie par la tradition comme la substitution d'un nom commun à un nom propre, se rattache à l'acte de référence à un particulier défini, lequel peut avoir lieu par désignations spécifiantes ou désignations dénominatives.Les exemples d'antonomase proposés par Quintilien, Dumarsais et Fontanier, sont des désignations par caractérisation de formes diverses, dépendantes ou indépendantes du contexte. Tantôt elles ne représentent qu'une simple substitution, dans le rôle référentiel, de l'appellatif au dénominatif, tantôt une véritable transformation d'un nom commun en nom propre, avec valeur d'excellence.Après avoir éliminé d'une part les désignations anaphoriques, situationnelles et périphrastiques, et, d'autre part, les désignations paradénomi-natives d'occasion ou d'usage, on dégage ici une désignation d'excellence qui, si l'usage ne l'a pas encore figée en simple dénominatif, désigne un référent particulier comme le représentant parfait d'une catégorie donnée.SUMMARYThe antonomasis of common name is traditionally defined as the substitution of a common name for a proper name. That is a figure which concern the act of reference to a defined particular. This act can be performed through specifying or "denominative" designations.The examples of antonomasis in Quintilien, Dumarsais and Fontanier, are varied designations by characterization which are context-free or context-sensitive. These forms represent sometimes a mere substitution of the "appelative" for the "denominative", sometimes a genuine transformation of a common name into a proper name, with a value of excellence.After having rejected the anaphorical, situational and periphrastic designations, and further the "paradenominative" designations, we emphasize a "designation of excellence" by which a particular is refered to as the perfect specimen of a given category.
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A Rule-Account of Metathesis in Gascon
Author(s): Annie Duménilpp.: 81–113 (33)More LessThis paper presents a systematic diachronic study of metathesis in Gascon, in dialect of Occitan. A method of weighing syllables is proposed to arrive at a rule-account of metathesis and the analysis is based on the claim that the difference in weight between two contiguous syllables can explain the metathesis process. The syllable weight approach is shown to apply to all instances and absences of metathesis in Gascon and is able to predict its occurrence under a single rule accounting for all possibly relevant environments.
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Why Tu, Rather Than Vous, in Chrétien de Troyes'Le Chevalier de la Charrete?
Author(s): Nathan Lovepp.: 115–127 (13)More LessWhy Tu, Rather than Vous, in Chrétien de Troyes' Le Chevalier de la Charrete?In general, Chrétien de Troyes avoided mixing tu and singular vous in address to the same individual, used vous in a sustained manner, and had much less recourse to tu than vous. In Le Chevalier de la Charrete {Lancelot), however, tu occurs frequently, which allows one to examine second person pronoun selection in extended passages of direct discourse. Tu is not used to express anger; however, it is used by a prideful speaker to express scorn or contempt for his interlocutor. It is contrasted with vous, and used in complementary fashion with vous in disputes between pairs of fathers and sons as well as knights. The use of tu in the Lancelot — and of vous as a sort of contrastive correlative — is stylistically well suited to a romance which so greatly emphasizes shame and honor.
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Une Grille D'analyse Syntaxique Pour le Traitement Informatisé de Corpus
Author(s): Marie-Louise Moreaupp.: 129–156 (28)More LessThe device presented in this work has been elaborated in order to collect information about the frequency of syntactic phenomena in a corpus.This device supposes that each sentence is mapped into a sequence of symbols: some are relative to the syntactic function of the constituents, others to the categorization of units; yet others concern mechanisms for which linear parsing cannot be used.Once they have been transferred to the computer, the strings of symbols can be automatically checked so that coding errors can be eliminated.Finally, the text provides some examples of data to which the device gives access.
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Sémantique et approximation: Le Cas de Presque et à Peine
Author(s): Jacques Jayezpp.: 157–196 (40)More LessSemantics and approximation: the presquel'a peine problem."Scalar" linguistic items, such as those involving fuzziness and approximation, seemingly support the view that natural language is free from any deductive process, and calls rather for a sociology of arguing or applied fuzzy set theory. Observation suggests that some of these items are in fact correlated with complex reasoning-like features, in which linguistic hierarchies (most notably presuppositional ones) and dynamic logical properties (under the generic label of "partial inference") get entangled. In French, presque and à peine exhibit an operational structure: semantic features are activated according to a special ordering, which filters out some subsequent utterances, accounting for the contrast in pairs like: C'est presque cent francs, c'est cher / ? C'est presque cent francs, ce n'est pas cher. In this respect, the linking of utterances appears to be controlled by properties of lexical items.
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Les Deux Schèmes Syllabiques du Français
Author(s): J.J. Spapp.: 197–223 (27)More LessIn the present paper is proposed a theory of the French syllable within the framework of non-linear phonology. The theory claims to be a novel one in that it stresses the need for a distinction between two types of syllable templates, one for full vowels and one for shwa. Some evidence will be presented that in other languages, especially in Dutch, more than one canonical syllable template has to be admitted as well. This view clearly conflicts with Trommelen 1984 because of her idea to explain, by means of only one syllable template, the all but uniform phonotactic behaviour of the Dutch vowels. Noske 1982 and Rialland 1986 will also be contested, the one for his refusal to admit that a French syllabic onset may consist of three consonants, the other for her assumption that French has two kinds of shwas.
Volumes & issues
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Volume 47 (2024)
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Volume 46 (2023)
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Volume 45 (2022)
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Volume 44 (2021)
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Volume 43 (2020)
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Volume 42 (2019)
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Volume 41 (2018)
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Volume 40 (2017)
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Volume 39 (2016)
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Volume 38 (2015)
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Volume 37 (2014)
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Volume 36 (2013)
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Volume 35 (2012)
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Volume 34 (2011)
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Volume 33 (2010)
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Volume 32 (2009)
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Volume 31 (2008)
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Volume 30 (2007)
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Volume 29 (2006)
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Volume 28 (2005)
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Volume 27 (2004)
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Volume 26 (2003)
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Volume 25 (2002)
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Volume 24 (2001)
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Volume 23 (2000)
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Volume 22 (1998)
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Volume 21 (1997)
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Volume 20 (1996)
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Volume 19 (1995)
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Volume 18 (1994)
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Volume 17 (1993)
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Volume 16 (1992)
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Volume 15 (1991)
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Volume 14 (1990)
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Volume 13 (1989)
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Volume 12 (1988)
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Volume 11 (1987)
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Volume 10 (1986)
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Volume 9 (1985)
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Volume 8 (1984)
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Volume 7 (1983)
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Volume 6 (1982)
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Volume 5 (1981)
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Volume 4 (1980)
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Volume 3 (1979)
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Volume 2 (1978)
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Volume 1 (1977)
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