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- Volume 2, Issue, 1995
Terminology. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication - Volume 2, Issue 2, 1995
Volume 2, Issue 2, 1995
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Using online databases for terminology searching
Author(s): Barbara Lutespp.: 187–217 (31)More LessOnline bibliographic databases would seem to be a promising source of multilingual terminology for translators, terminologists, and other language professionals, although not designed for this purpose. This paper will explore this hypothesis, discussing the types and degree of multilingualism in representative databases, the different information-seeking needs of language professionals, and describing search strategies which can be used for term look-up. Results of extensive trial searching and some in-depth examples will be used to assess the practical feasibility of this use of databases, with special attention paid to reliability. Results of trial searching were generally positive, although cost might prove prohibitive. Using bibliographic databases may be particularly useful in solving difficult terminological problems for which context information is essential. Annex 1 provides information on a selection of useful multilingual online databases; annex 2 lists addresses of selected online database providers.
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Terminology: New needs, new perspectives
Author(s): Anne Condaminespp.: 219–238 (20)More LessTerminology is reaching an important moment in its development. Within firms, new terminological needs are appearing which go beyond those of traditional translation departments. Thanks to the results of natural-language processing (NLP) and knowledge acquisition and representation in artificial intelligence (AI), new possibilities for integrating terminological data are coming to light. In order to meet these new needs, it is necessary to approach the analysis of phenomena with strong theoretical bases. The article proposes to root terminology firmly within linguistics, while paying special attention to the specific link of terminology with knowledge. In limited fields, the strong link between linguistic signs and concepts permits linguistic research to put forward hypotheses concerning the extraction of terms, of links between terms and concepts, and of relations between concepts. It is necessary to elaborate a methodology for a linguistic analysis of how terms function. By developing the notion of "deviance " (deviant behaviour of the terminological system in comparison with the expected behaviour of the lexical system), the article presents a first linguistically based classification.
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Toward the theoretical study of terms: A sketch from the linguistic viewpoint
Author(s): Kyo Kageurapp.: 239–257 (19)More LessAlthough the study of scientific terms is gaining in importance and although it is sometimes claimed that the study of terms constitutes an independent discipline called "terminology", there has been little research into the essential perspective from which terms are to be examined. Against this background the author attempts to clarify the nature and status of terms and how the study of scientific terms should be envisaged. As a preliminary to the theoretical study of terms, the treatment of terms is contrasted with the linguistic study of words.
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Ninety years of terminology management in ASTM
Author(s): Richard A. Strehlowpp.: 259–272 (14)More LessThe American Society for Testing and Materials has been engaged in management of terminology for more than nine decades across many subject disciplines. Throughout this period methods have been developed and applied to management of terminology. One technique, generating and maintaining an audited list of terms and definitions, has proved useful in promoting greater uniformity of term usage. Other methods of promoting improved definition writing and layout have also been developed and applied. These methods are described in their historical context. Problems of a multidisciplinary set of independent standards-writing committees are also discussed with proposed solutions.
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Ecoepidemiology: Etymons, definitions, and usage
Author(s): Cynthia B. Chapmanpp.: 273–291 (19)More LessThe origins, definitions, and usage of the term "ecoepidemiology" wind their way through the scientific literature of ecology and medicine. This study sought to determine if "ecoepidemiology" has been granted a common meaning in these disciplines or if the meanings have diverged or if new phrases have been proposed. "Ecoepidemiology" appears in the French literature of medicine — as the name for the geographic variable in epidemiologic studies — about ten years before it appears in English-language articles on ecology. In the English literature, a few scientists writing about ecological monitoring and assessment adopted the term because they needed a word or phrase to emphasize research methods common both to ecology and to epidemiology in human medicine. After the term "clinical ecology" was rejected in the medical literature, it was offered as an alternative to "ecoepidemiology". "Clinical ecology" can be defined as "the branch of ecology that studies the condition of ecosystems to document change in status and trends". A more logical term than "ecoepidemiology", "clinical ecology" keeps the literature about ecosystem health grouped by subject in libraries and bibliographic databases with ecology instead of improperly assigned to collections of information on human health and medicine. "Ecoepidemiology", however, seems to be more prevalent in the literature of the environmental and ecological sciences.
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Lexique contrôlé: Modélisation et implémentation
Author(s): Martine Emorinepp.: 293–323 (31)More LessNous explicitons dans cet article d'une part, un modèle conceptuel d'entrées verbales d'un lexique d'une langue contrôlée, et, d'autre part, l'implantation dans le formalisme de représentation des connaissances typed feature structures (désormais TFS) d'un modèle d'une base de données lexicales et la spécification d'entrées verbales d'une langue contrôlée, ici le Français Rationalisé (désormais FR).Une langue contrôlée est un sous-ensemble simplifié d'une langue naturelle comportant des règles syntaxiques et lexicales restrictives. Après une présentation générale des langues contrôlées, du contexte de leur utilisation et des principes généraux qui les régissent, nous traitons, dans une première partie, la modélisation des entrées lexicales des verbes du FR, à partir de la formalisation d'un lexique existant, le glossaire FR, pour permettre de contrôler sa cohérence et son adéquation expressive. Nous présentons les choix et les motivations qui ont déterminé la modélisation que nous avons effectuée, l'élément essentiel de notre conception d'une modélisation lexicale est la décision, que nous motivons dans cet article, de n 'incorporer que des informations discriminantes et/ou pertinentes pour permettre une discrimination entre les emplois verbaux autorisés dans FR. Dans la seconde partie, nous présentons l'implantation de la base de données lexicales dans le formalisme TFS, développé à l'Université de Stuttgart. Nous montrons les grands principes qui régissent ce formalisme: informations regroupées sous forme de structures de traits typées, hiérarchisation, circulation de l'information par héritage multiple. Puis nous définissons l'architecture de notre base de données lexicales, et nous illustrons l'implantation des entrées verbales. En conclusion, nous présentons les perspectives linguistiques et informatiques de notre travail, et les extensions qu'il serait souhaitable d'apporter à notre modélisation. L'implémentation que nous avons réalisée est à considérer comme une sorte d'expérimentation du formalisme TFS, et nous présentons une rapide synthèse de ses possibilités et de ses limites. Nous pensons par ailleurs avoir démontré que ce n'est qu'en formalisant les observations linguistiques qu'il est possible de "contrôler une langue contrôlée", c'est-à-dire de pouvoir être certain qu'il s'agit d'un modèle intrinsèquement cohérent et complet.
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The treatment of synonymy and cross-references in special-language dictionaries (SLDs)
Author(s): Blaise Nkwenti-Azehpp.: 325–350 (26)More LessThe features which distinguish special-language dictionaries from general-language dictionaries are described and exemplified by three technical dictionaries. The differences are explained in terms of differences in user groups and their expectations. Particular attention is devoted to the way conceptual relationships are expressed in these dictionaries by means of cross-references. Weaknesses in existing notations are pointed out, and alternatives for marking interconceptual relations are indicated.
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Problems in composing definitions of terms for polymer chemistry
Author(s): Aubrey D. Jenkinspp.: 351–364 (14)More LessThe particular problems associated with composing definitions of technical terms relating to polymers are outlined, and the way in which they have been tackled by the Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is described. The topics surveyed begin with basic terms and continue with linear polymers, branched polymers, and copolymers. The presentation of formulae, the description of stereochemistry, and definitions of terms for individual macromolecules, their assemblies and dilute solutions are included, as well as work on crystalline and liquid-crystalline polymers, and the classification of polymerisation processes.
Volumes & issues
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Volume 30 (2024)
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Volume 29 (2023)
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Volume 28 (2022)
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Volume 27 (2021)
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Volume 26 (2020)
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Volume 25 (2019)
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Volume 24 (2018)
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Volume 23 (2017)
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Volume 22 (2016)
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Volume 21 (2015)
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Volume 20 (2014)
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Volume 19 (2013)
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Volume 18 (2012)
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Volume 17 (2011)
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Volume 16 (2010)
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Volume 15 (2009)
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Volume 14 (2008)
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Volume 13 (2007)
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Volume 12 (2006)
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Volume 11 (2005)
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Volume 10 (2004)
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Volume 9 (2003)
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Volume 8 (2002)
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Volume 7 (2001)
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Volume 6 (2000)
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Volume 5 (1998)
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Volume 4 (1997)
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Volume 3 (1996)
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Volume 2 (1995)
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Volume 1 (1994)
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Methods of automatic term recognition: A review
Author(s): Kyo Kageura and Bin Umino
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