ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics - Volume 175, Issue 2, 2024

Abstract

Formulaic language is becoming an increasingly popular topic of investigation in second language acquisition research. As linguistic units that provide language users with many benefits in communication and language processing, formulaic sequences have now taken up a central role in theoretical approaches to SLA theory and L2 pedagogy. This paper provides a review of studies investigating how formulaic sequences are acquired from meaning-focused L2 activities. The article starts by defining formulaic language and discussing the advantages of formulaic sequences for SLA. It then addresses key issues in L2 processing and use of formulaic sequences, before reviewing research into L2 acquisition of formulaic sequences through meaning-focused activities. Finally, the paper identifies some future directions for research on meaning-focused L2 learning of formulaic language.

Abstract

This article presents two classroom-based studies lasting one academic year: Study 1 with beginner learners of English as a foreign language and Study 2 with intermediate learners. In each study, learners in the comparison and experimental groups were introduced to new vocabulary through regular explicit instruction in class, but only those in the experimental group additionally watched subtitled (Study 1) or captioned (Study 2) television series where the new vocabulary appeared. Lexical gains, computed for each academic term, showed an overall positive effect of television viewing, although more differences between groups were found towards the end of the intervention, and more significant results were obtained in Study 2. These longitudinal data provide relevant information on the role of extensive viewing for language learning in instructional settings, which is often missed in one-off studies outside and inside the classroom.

Abstract

One of the target groups of Easy Language, a comprehensibility enhanced variety of a natural language, are migrants who have difficulties with the standard language of the host country. However, regarding French Easy Language, evidence-based linguistic criteria are lacking. Therefore, the present study aims at elaborating suitable linguistic criteria for French Easy Language intended for low-literate migrants. We asked 87 migrants in France to read four texts, two original and two rewritten according to specific criteria, and to answer several comprehension questions presented in a questionnaire. The score of correctly answered questions is significantly higher in the case of the rewritten texts. The article discusses the implications of this result in the context of Easy Language research and gives an outlook on current research desiderata.

Abstract

This study investigated the extent to which two recall test formats – contextualized and decontextualized tests – affected productive recall of derivatives, and how the effects of token frequencies of derivatives and L2 receptive vocabulary knowledge on recalling derivatives was moderated by test format. Mixed effects logistic regression models examined the derivatives elicited from L1 (n = 21) and L2 English speakers’ (n = 107) on the two recall tests. Results indicated that contextual cues significantly facilitated recalling derivatives, while such facilitative effects were larger for native speakers and L2 learners with greater vocabulary knowledge. Furthermore, token frequency affected the responses on the decontextualized test to a greater degree compared to the contextualized test. Results suggest that test format influences test-takers’ ability to recall knowledge to produce derivatives.

Abstract

In higher education systems with no or low entry requirements for domestic students, post-entry language assessments (PELAs) are often used to detect at-risk students. This study investigates how two language proficiency measures relate to students’ academic achievement: an academic reading and vocabulary (ARV) screening test, and the computer test of the Interuniversitaire Taaltest Nederlands voor Anderstaligen (ITNA), a Dutch L2-entrance test. The ARV screening test, ITNA and its language in use subtest show moderate to weak correlations with achievement. While the ARV screening test selects a large potential at-risk group; the few students failing the ITNA, language in use or scoring lower than ‘very good’ on language in use have a higher risk of underperforming. When controlling for students’ background variables, only academic language proficiency remains a significant predictor. While academic language proficiency seems more appropriate as a PELA construct, general language proficiency may identify a small, but high-risk group.

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