Journal of Language and Sexuality - Volume 15, Issue 1, 2026

Abstract

The article discusses the use of labeling theory in research on language and sexuality and simultaneously presents the theoretical framework for the studies included in this special issue. It is argued that labeling theory, an approach that originated in the sociology of deviance, represents a useful reference point for investigations of the discursive construction of sexuality through linguistic practices. Basic tenets of the theory are outlined, highlighting both its benefits and issues to be addressed by scholars in the field of language and sexuality. An overview of previous research on sexual labels documents the powerful discursive effects labeling practices have been shown to possess and indicates where language-related research can complement the original theory to make it more relevant for contemporary language and sexuality studies. The concluding section suggests various avenues for future research in the field, outlines initial thoughts on the application of labeling theory in the field of language and gender, and presents an overview of the remaining articles in this issue.

Abstract

Research on language and sexuality has predominantly focused on heterosexual discourse, often overlooking the complexities of queer language and neglecting the experiences of Arabic-speaking queer women. This study shifts the focus to Arabic-speaking queer women in Lebanon, examining how they navigate and assert their identities amidst homophobia and anti-LGBTQIA+ laws. Through structured one-on-one interviews with fifteen participants, this research explores the strategies employed by queer women to express and affirm their identities within Arab cultural contexts. In addition to contributing to the existing literature on language, identity, and sexuality, this study aims to empower Arabic-speaking queer women, raise awareness of the linguistic challenges they face, and inform language policies and educational initiatives that promote inclusive and affirming language in Lebanon.

Abstract

This article focuses on the formal codification of the gender-neutral pronoun hen in Norwegian by analysing retrospective narratives from two central staff from the Language Council of Norway as well as two lexicographers in charge of the entry in the Norwegian Standard dictionaries (Nynorskordboka and Bokmålsordboka). The analyses employ labeling theory as a theoretical lens and it is situated in the field of language policy and planning (LPP). The participants depict a stepwise process: (1) enquiries and preparations, (2) a period of turmoil with the allocation of power to different actors and (3) publication, reception and acceptance. Beyond this process, a historical shift is described in the power relation in LPP between majority and minority in the language community, which includes an increased respect for a minority’s right to self-labeling, and perhaps also increased attention paid to avoiding linguistic wounding.

Abstract

The present study addresses sex/gender labels in EU directives in English from a Queer and Linguistic Labeling perspective. Employing a methodological triangulation that integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches, the analysis explores sex/gender labels, as well as the social identities and practices these enact. By combining Queer Linguistics and Linguistic Labeling, this study further investigates the performative and normative potentials of such labels, highlighting their roles in simultaneously legitimising and marginalising discourses, identities and practices. The findings reveal significant inconsistencies and fluctuations in form and usage of sex/gender labels, demonstrating how these echo the non-fixity of fluid constructions and reinforce heteronormative views while silencing non-conforming identities. This notwithstanding, the study identifies a potential, though extremely limited, shift toward recognising fluid identities. These insights contribute to advancing the research field that combines Queer and Linguistic Labeling frameworks, while exposing the inherent fluctuation of sex/gender labels, which necessitate constant updating and revision. The absence of such revisions contributes to some of the current limitations in EU’s gender-neutral language policy.

Abstract

This article focuses on three contemporary middle-grade novels published in the United States: Small Town Pride (2022) by Phil Stamper, Hazel’s Theory of Evolution by Lisa Jenn Bigelow (2019), and In the Key of Us (2022) by Mariama J. Lockington. The novels have protagonists who come out as queer over the course of the narratives. I use labeling theory and queer theory related to identity formation to analyze the moments of coming out in terms of the use of labels. While the texts use labels for sexuality, they are not utilized in the initial moments of coming out. Rather the characters express themselves in terms of which kinds of people they might (or might not) desire. The openness with which the preteens express themselves leads to the building of queer community in the novels and also allows for an articulation of potential queer futures.

This article reviews Gender and Sexuality in the Classroom: An Educator’s Guide

This article reviews The Language of Sex Education: With Respect to Consent