Chinese as a Second Language. The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA - Volume 55, Issue 2, 2020

提要

第三人称指代词的基本功能是替代一个实体专用名词，避免表述的累赘重复。在1919年新文化运动之前，汉语中的“他”一直是一个中性第三人称指代词，既可指代男性,也可指代女性, 还可指代一切其他事物。汉语女性第三人称指代词的 “她” 直到二十世纪早期才出现。在现代社会中，“她” 字笔画简单，运用易教易学，但是为人所忽略的是由人字旁的“他”到女字旁的“她”紧密联系着近代中国社会和语言的变化。本文旨在结合文化史、语言学和语言认知来描述女性第三人称指代词在书面语、口语中的发展。通过讨论中国早期作品中关于女性人物的叙述，分析新文化运动后“她”字的产生、确立和使用，作者认为在现代汉语中，“她”字的存在，不仅可以避免专用名词的累赘重复，还能够降低第三人称代词在文本中回指关系的模糊性。然而，在汉语教学中，由于汉语省略主语和中性“他”在近现代汉语指代范围不清的特点，汉语学习者时不时在阅读和写作中有第三人称指代对象模糊现象。因此，汉语老师需要在教学实践中帮助学生特别厘清“他”与“她”的指代关系。

抽象

本实验通过考察日本学习者汉语陈述句和疑问句语调的产出和感知，分析学习者疑问句语调习得情况，并结合其母语疑问句语调特点分析偏误产生原因，总结其习得难点，为实际教学提供参考。学习者在音高上线、下线、调域、句末音高等方面均与母语者存在较大差异，总的来说，其语调感知能力先于产出能力的发展。

Abstract

Research on peer interaction patterns over the past three decades has provided insights regarding how relationships formed among peers can influence task performance. Six pairs of intermediate Chinese learners participating in a collaborative writing task were recruited, and their pair-interaction patterns were investigated for detailed evidence of how such patterns were constructed through their co-participation measured by two indices proposed by Storch (2002a), equality and mutuality. Furthermore, taking a Conversation Analytical (CA) perspective, this study also examined the fine-grained detail of several interactional practices displaying participants’ orientation to the peer relationship. This revealed that each pair displayed a distinctive interaction pattern that was constructed through diverse participatory practices which are contingent upon the ongoing interaction as it unfolds. The findings shed new light into analyzing pair interactions in collaborative writing from a CA perspective in CFL settings and have important implications for studying interaction patterns and implementing collaborative writing tasks.

This article reviews Teaching basic Chinese grammar: Communicative strategies and activities978-1-62291-498-2